千岛湖鸟类多样性及其季节变化

从2006年9月至2007年8月,对千岛湖的鸟类进行了调查研究,共发现鸟类6 435只,86种,隶属13目32科,其中,国家二级保护物种6种,属古北界的有36种(占41.9%),东洋界39种(占45.3%),广布种11种(占12.8%).从居留类型看,千岛湖的迁徙鸟较多(46种),留鸟较少(40种),各占总数的53.5%和46.5%.千岛湖拥有优良的自然环境条件,其中,水鸟有28种,林鸟58种,各占32.6%和67.4%.千岛湖鸟类呈周期性波动特征.在10月,丰富度和多样性指数值最高,优势度指数最低,因此,千岛湖鸟类多样性状况以10月(即候鸟迁徙的高峰期)最好,说明千岛湖是候鸟迁移途中的-个重要驿站.千岛湖全部鸟类物种平均密度为20.785只/km~2,秋季最高,达到43.40只/km~2,种数达到69种;春季最低,仅有9.30只/km~2,种数为37种.而且,优势种有5种,占总鸟类物种的5.8%;常见种有17种,占19.8%;少见种有36种,占41.9%;罕见种有28种,占32.5%.说明千岛湖鸟类中,有生存危险的物种百分比较高,需要加强保护与管理.     

榆紫叶甲无公害防治技术研究

根据榆紫叶甲的发生规律及生活习性,进行了榆紫叶甲无公害防治试验,结果表明：在成虫羽化始盛期,树干上喷绿色威雷200倍液,杀虫率达97.1%;在越冬成虫上树取食始盛期,用溴氰菊酯制成毒笔,每株树涂2个药环,杀虫率达95.9%;在榆紫叶甲卵孵化盛期,利用3%高渗苯氧威、25%灭幼尿3号悬浮剂、1.8%阿维菌素、20%菊杀乳油1 000～1 500倍液进行喷雾防治,杀虫率均在92.4%以上。     

水源涵养服务综合评价指标及其在干旱、半干旱区的研究进展

水源涵养服务是森林生态系统重要的生态系统服务之一,是森林生态系统特有的水文生态效应。在水资源紧缺的当今社会,森林生态系统水源涵养服务具有重要意义,尤其在干旱、半干旱区,因为水在该区域生态系统中起着决定性作用。本文综述了水源涵养服务水文过程、水源涵养服务综合评价指标以及水源涵养服务在干旱、半干旱区的研究进展,对森林生态系统水源涵养服务的进一步研究具有重要意义。     

影响根癌农杆菌介导香蕉胚性悬浮细胞遗传转化的因素

用含质粒载体pCAMBIA1301的根癌农杆菌EHA105转化贡蕉(Musa A A Pisang Mas cv. Mas)品种的胚性悬浮细胞,通过测定GUS基因瞬时表达率,对转化初期的主要影响因素进行了研究。结果表明,取处于对数期的胚性悬浮细胞和D600nm为0.2的菌液混合,在室温、8000r/min离心5min,然后在110r/min的旋转摇床上摇5min,在体细胞胚诱导培养基上共培养8d,瞬时表达率达到最高值25.30%。     

‘拟青×山海关杨’引种造林初报

通辽市林研所1990年从黑龙江省齐齐哈尔防护林研究所引进‘拟青×山海关杨’,经过圃地试验、定位观测、区域对比试验,‘拟青×山海关杨’引种获得成功,达到了筛选抗旱、耐瘠薄、速生、多用途无性系的预期目的。     

梭梭被肉苁蓉寄生后的生理代谢反应

在新疆吉木萨尔县林木良种试验站肉苁蓉良种繁育基地内,选择立地条件、梭梭树龄、林分密度、林木株行距、接种肉苁蓉方式以及管理措施等基本一致的梭梭人工林为试验地,以被肉苁蓉寄生、未被肉苁蓉寄生和曾被肉苁蓉寄生但已解除寄生关系的梭梭为研究对象,通过对梭梭同化枝的相对含水量、束缚水/自由水、叶绿素、脯氨酸、丙二醛含量等水分代谢和生化指标的测定,研究梭梭被肉苁蓉寄生以后的生理代谢反应.结果表明:与未被肉苁蓉寄生的以及曾被肉苁蓉寄生但采收了肉苁蓉种子的梭梭比较,被肉苁蓉寄生的梭梭同化枝的相对含水量有所降低,而束缚水/自由水的比值有所提高;与此同时,被肉苁蓉寄生的梭梭同化枝的叶绿素含量降低,而脯氨酸和丙二醛含量有所提高.三者之间的各项测定指标的差异达到显著程度.梭梭被肉苁蓉寄生以后引发的一系列生理代谢反应,既是梭梭被肉苁蓉寄生以后的一种生理代谢适应,也是引起被肉苁蓉寄生的梭梭生长衰退的主要原因之一.     

徐州石灰岩山地不同植被恢复模式对土壤健康的影响

在对徐州石灰岩山地不同植被恢复类型土壤理化性质研究的基础上,综合分析了不同植被恢复类型对土壤健康影响,结果表明：石灰岩山地不同植被恢复模式土壤健康存在明显差异。其中：针阔混交林中土壤物理性质较好,说明混交林在一定程度上改善了土壤物理性质;土壤有机质和各养分含量上层明显高于下层,且各养分含量均以针阔混交林最高,进一步说明混交林在一定程度上改善了土壤化学性质。应用主成分分析方法对3种植被类型林分土壤健康状况综合评价指标主成分得分,针叶林为-8.309,针阔混交林为6.876,阔叶林为1.433。各类型林分土壤健康状况排序为：针阔混交林〉阔叶林〉针叶林,表明针阔混交林能够改善土壤健康状况。建议在徐州石灰岩山地上应以针阔混交林为主要恢复模式,从而提高该地区土壤的健康水平。     

The importance of an indigenous tree to southern African communities with specific relevance to its domestication and commercialization:a case of the marula tree

Local communities in southern Africa derive many benefits from marula [Sclerocarya birrea(A.Rich.) Hochst.subsp.caffra(Sond.) Kokwaro].These include the contribution of this species towards health,nutrition,food security and conservation by sharing local skills and knowledge related to it.Marula fruits can be eaten fresh,squeezed to make juice,brewed in traditional beer or used to make jam and jelly.The kernels are also edible and can be pressed to extract oil for cooking and cosmetics,i.e.,for skin and hai...     

Achieving food and nutritional security through agroforestry: a case of <Emphasis Type="Italic">Faidherbia albida</Emphasis> in sub-Saharan Africa

Faidherbia albida is an ideal agroforestry tree commonly intercropped with annual crops like millet and groundnuts in the dry and densely populated areas of Africa. With its peculiar reverse phenology, it makes growth demands at a different time from that of crops. In addition, it deposits great amount of organic fertilizer on food crops. Leaves entering soils are comparable to fertilization of almost 50 t·ha 1 ·year 1 of manure in dense stands of 50 large trees per ha. These nutrients help maximize agricultural production and reduce the need for a fallow period on poorer soils. Research has shown that millet grown under F. albida yielded 2.5 and 3.4 fold increases in grain and protein, respectively. Animals eat pods which contain mean amounts of crude protein of 20.63% and carbohydrate of 40.1% in seeds. Moreover, the continued existence of F. albida in agroforestry parklands as in Ethiopia and Mali signifies the success of traditional conservation measures. Modern scientists have also developed much interest in the role of agroforestry in maintaining long-term biological balance between agriculture and livestock production systems. To ensure food security, which still remains a major challenge in sub-Saharan Africa, and concurrently minimize environmental degradation, promotion of agroforestry that specifically involves indigenous trees is crucial. We discuss the prospective role of F. albida in alleviating poverty while simultaneously protecting the environment from factors associated with, for example, deforestation and loss of biodiversity. The overall aim is to promote wide-scale adoption of F. albida as a valuable tree crop in farming systems, particularly in those areas where it remains unexploited.     

河流游憩规划的基本问题探讨

在对河流游憩概念认识、发展背景和研究进展进行分析的基础上,从资源保护的视角出发,对河流游憩规划的本质和国外规划实践中所面临的基本问题及其解决方法进行深入探讨,认为游憩利用和保护的关系协调、游憩和其他河流利用的关系协调、游憩利用本身所面临的问题是河流游憩规划需要解决的基本问题,得出保护性利用是河流游憩规划主旋律的结论。