鸭疫里默氏杆菌基因组文库的构建及免疫原性基因初步筛选

以血清1型鸭疫里默氏杆菌(RA)CH-1株为材料提取基因组DNA,采用限制性内切酶Sau3A进行部分酶切消化,纯化回收1.0~6.5 kb片段,用T4DNA连接酶将回收片段与经BamH酶切并去磷酸化的ZAP Express载体进行连接,用噬菌体包装蛋白包装。经测定包装滴度为5.23×106pfu/mL,蓝白斑筛选重组率为96.8%,表明已成功构建血清1型RA CH-1株部分基因组文库。在此基础上以RA抗血清为抗体探针进行免疫筛选,获得3个阳性克隆,经多次重复筛选后再体内删除,得到含有插入片段的质粒并测序。生物信息学分析结果显示,该序列(GenBank登录号:DQ151838)含有1个编码369个氨基酸的完整开放阅读框架,是尚未见报道的RA基因序列,并且存在多个预测的抗原表位。     

白萨福克羊和特克塞尔羊生理生化常值的测定

本试验对白萨福克羊(White Suffolk)和特克塞尔羊(Texel)的6项生理指标、10项生化指标按冬春季、夏季和秋季三个不同阶段进行了全面测定。白萨福克羊和特克塞尔羊的生理指标随季节变化而变化。白萨福克公、母羊夏季的体温和呼吸极显著高于冬春季、秋季的体温和呼吸,特克塞尔公、母羊夏季的体温和呼吸极显著高于冬春季的体温和呼吸(P<0.01);两个品种公、母羊各种类型的白细胞变化均在正常范围内。两个品种羊在秋季和冬春季葡萄糖含量都较高,略高于藏羊含量,是对寒冷适应性的表现;血液钙水平较高,表明对较高海拔的代谢适应性。     

猪用发酵床的研究与应用

新型微生物发酵床养猪技术是一种新兴的无公害养猪技术,它可有效地解决猪生产中的粪便处理和环境污染问题,改善猪的福利状况,利于猪只的生长和发育,其环保性和经济性明显优于集约化,规模化养猪方式。本文介绍了微生物发酵床的概念、分类和工艺流程,讨论了其技术要点和应用效果,并对其发展前景进行了展望。     

斑点叉尾(鮰)嗜麦芽寡养单胞菌的分离鉴定及系统发育分析

从发生在四川、重庆等省市的斑点叉尾(鮰)急性流行性传染病病鱼的肝脏、肾脏内分离到1株高致病性菌株(CCF00024),人工感染健康鱼表现出与自然病鱼相同的症状,并从中分离获得同种细菌,证实其为斑点叉尾(鮰)急性流行性传染病的病原菌.形态、生理生化检测表明,该菌为非发酵型直杆菌,严格需氧,革兰氏阴性,极生多鞭毛,对除麦芽糖和甘露糖以外的多种糖类不利用产酸,氧化酶阴性,DNA酶、蛋白酶、脲酶、赖氨酸脱羧酶阳性,MR、VP阴性.在以该菌16S rDNA序列(GenBank登录号AY970826)和GenBank及RDP数据库内同源性较高的细菌16S rDNA序列构建的系统发育树中,分离菌CCF00024与嗜麦芽寡养单胞菌(Stenotrophomonas maltophilia)聚在一簇,特别是与S.maltophilia M5-1的同源性最高,序列相似性达99.6%,结合形态和生理生化特点将其鉴定为嗜麦芽寡养单胞菌(Stenotrophomonas maltophilia).药敏试验结果表明,对磺胺甲(口恶)唑、磺胺异(口恶)唑、阿齐霉素、洛美沙星高度敏感,而对新霉素、卡那霉素、氨苄青霉素,头孢唑啉、先锋霉素V和链霉素不敏感.     

Whole Genome Methylation Variation Analysis of Longissimus Dorsi Between Tan Sheep and Hu Sheep

It aimed to identify the differential methylation region (DMR) and differential methylation gene (DMG) through the analysis of the genome-wide methylation difference of the longest muscle of the sheep's back of different breeds of sheep,and laid the foundation for the analysis of the differences in sheep skeletal muscle development.In this study,one-year-old sheep(Tan sheep and Hu sheep and Tan-Hu F2) were sanned by the whole genome bisulfite sequencing method(WGBS).The degree of methylation and differentially methylated region in the whole genome DNA of longissimus dorsi(LD) muscle were studied to explore the difference of DNA methylation in level in sheep.The results showed that the methylation (mC) rates of cytosine (C) were 3.55%,3.18% and 3.56% in Tan sheep,Hu sheep and Tan-Hu F2,respectively.A total of 97 731 DMRs and 10 784 related DMGs were detected.In CG,CHH and CHG sequences,the methylation levels of the three groups were not significantly different.419 GO terms and 20 related signal pathways were detected by GO and KEGG analysis,respectively,which were showed to be significantly enriched in cellular process,cell part,binding,long-term depression,and so on.Five candidate genes,ACTA2、ROCK1、CALD1、MYH3 and MYH10 were sreened out in muscle tissues.This study provided genome-wide methylation of pattern of three groups (Tan sheep and Hu sheep and Tan-Hu F2).The results provided reference information for the epigenetic study of Tan sheep and screened candidate genes related to muscle development and meat quality.     

Effect of Supplementing Alfalfa Powder to Diet on Growth Performance and Meat Quality of Goose

The experiment was aimed to investigate the effects of dietary alfalfa powder on the growth performance,body size,slaughter performance,organ index and meat quality of Siji geese.A total of 256 15-day-old geese (half male and half female) with similar body weight were randomly divided into four groups with 4 replicates of 16 geese each.The geese in control group were fed with corn-soybean meal-based diet (control diet),and geese in the experimental groups were fed the basal diet replaced with 10%,20% and 30% alfalfa powder,respectively.The results showed that,compared with the control group,dietary alfalfa powder supplementation had no significant effect on the average daily intake,average daily gain,feed conversion ratio,body oblique length,keel length,shin circumference,semi diving length,chest width and shin length (P>0.05),and also had no effect on the carcass ratio,half-eviscerated carcass ratio and pectoral muscle ratio (P>0.05).However,dietary 20% and 30% alfalfa powder supplementation significantly increased the chest depth (P<0.05),dietary 30% alfalfa powder significantly decreased the full-eviscerated carcass ratio (P<0.05),and dietary 10% alfalfa powder significantly increased the leg muscle ratio (P<0.05) of geese.In addition,dietary alfalfa powder significantly decreased the abdominal fat ratio (P<0.05),raised the growth index of liver,jejunum,ileum,and cecum (P<0.05),and increased the water loss rate of pectoral muscle and leg muscle (P<0.05) compared with the control group.Dietary 10% and 30% alfalfa powder significantly increased duodenal growth index (P<0.05) of geese.In conclusion,dietary alfalfa powder supplementation might improve the slaughter performance (increase chest depth and leg muscle ratio,reduce abdominal fat rate) and organ growth index (increase the growth index of liver,duodenum,jejunum,ileum and cecum).However,dietary alfalfa powder increased water loss rates in pectoral muscle and leg muscle,and 30% alfalfa powder reduced the full-eviscerated carcass ratio of geese.The appropriate supplementation level of alfalfa powder was recommended at 10% in the present study.     

壁饰草毯开发研究Ⅲ养护管理

综合管理技术对壁饰草毯的正常生长十分重要,当按3,6,9 g/m2施用保水剂时,根层饱和持水量分别提高89.2%,106.1%和114.3%,正常生长期延长6,10,13 d;当按0.3%,0.6%和0.9%的浓度喷施植物生长调节剂B9时,草地早熟禾Poa pratensis的叶量依次降低1.8%,9.2%和16.7%,根量相应增加4.4%,7.8%和19.1%.而匍匐翦股颖Agrostis stolonifera相应增加为8.3%,25.0%,41.7%和11.1%,50.0%,83.3%.营养供给以基本基质加菜籽饼水液为佳.其综合长势评价值分别比对照、1号营养液及CO(NH2)2 FeSO4提高42.5%,7.5%,92.5%(对于早熟禾)和131.0%,65.5%,181.0%(对于匍匐翦股颖).     

中国禾本科植物内生真菌研究--东营市盐碱地区的禾本科植物内生真菌的检测与分布特征

从山东省东营地区的东营市郊、孤岛和马场的盐碱地采集了644个禾本科草本植物样品,通过镜检确认,所有采样地区采集的植物样品中都含有内生真菌,内生真菌含有率和地区、植物种类等有关.和其他地区相比,盐碱地区禾本科植物的种类和分布数量明显减少,在全部样品中,盐碱程度高的地区内生真菌偏少.在Roegnaria属的各个草种中,内生真菌检出率对盐碱程度变化的反应有所不同.研究发现,在高盐碱环境中检测到的内生真菌的生物学特性将是一个有趣的课题.     

保水剂对江河源区退化草地土壤水分和植物生长发育的影响

通过不同浓度保水剂种子包衣和保水剂大田示范试验,结果表明:在江河源区退化草地恢复与重建中应用高吸水树脂(SAP保水剂),对提高土壤含水量和保墒具有良好的效果;它不仅能促进幼苗生长发育,而且对植物地上部分的分蘖枝和根系分枝有明显的促进作用;同时对提高牧草个体生物量和产草量有明显的效果.试验结果还表明,使用1%～1.5%浓度的种子包衣处理效果最佳.     

建立青藏高原草地乳用牦牛生态系统的思路

牦牛是青藏高原的特有家畜之一,不同的草地类型形成了不同的生活生态型,并针对牦牛乳的品质和开发潜力,提出了用黑白花奶牛冻精与母牦牛杂交提高牦牛的产乳性能,特别是采用野牦牛冻精改良母牦牛生产性能的途径.草地乳用牦牛生态系统的建立,一是要遵循牦牛逐水草而牧季节转场的习性;二是为牦牛过冬贮备充足的饲草料;三是建棚圈、实现冷季家畜的舍饲和持续增膘;四是把野牦牛的保护纳入家牦牛生产的范围,使这一系统更富有自然和谐和可持续发展的活力.