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活塞-缸套周期性瞬态传热仿真

为解决计算柴油机单个零部件传热时边界条件难以确定的问题,用耦合传热的方法,把活塞、缸套传热时的外边界条件变成内边界处理,利用有限元软件进行建模仿真。以X6130型柴油机为例,用有限元分析软件ANSYS建立了活塞-缸套的三维模型,并对其额定工况下一个工作循环内的瞬态传热进行了仿真计算,得到了活塞-缸套上关键点的温度波动曲线。部分计算结果和实验结果对比表明：用耦合方法模拟活塞-缸套之间的传热过程是可行的,且仿真结果与实测数据吻合较好。     

基于点云数据的NURBS曲面重建研究

提出一种基于点云数据的NURBS曲面重建方法,针对数据点的分布不均匀性,进行非均匀B样条曲线控制点的反算,通过累积弦长法构造非均匀节点矢量,保证了曲面的插值精度和曲面重建的质量。     

运动仿真系统中嵌入式计算机技术应用

设计了一种嵌入式运动仿真系统,通过该系统采集运动信号,以无线网络传送上位机并控制运动仿真器实现运动在线仿真。阐述了该嵌入式运动仿真系统的结构和特点、运动信号采集方法、嵌入式计算机与上位机通信方法及其应用软件设计方法。实验结果证明,所开发的嵌入式运动仿真系统的设计是可行的,其应用软件运行可靠。     

芍药属组间杂交种皮开裂种子的解剖观察与胚培养

【目的】探究芍药属组间杂交种皮开裂种子的内部状态和胚培养成苗表现,为揭示种皮开裂种子的成苗潜力、提高组间远缘杂交育种效率提供参考。【方法】以24个芍药属组间杂交组合种皮开裂的种子为试验材料,解剖后观察并统计胚和胚乳的发育情况,通过离体培养观察胚的萌发和生长规律,分析不同组合种皮开裂种子发育和成苗差异。【结果】芍药属24个组间杂交组合中均出现了种皮开裂的杂交种子,平均种皮开裂率高达61.08%;1 767粒种皮开裂种子中,有11.09%的胚乳已腐烂;胚乳未腐烂种子中,约90%以上种子的胚乳存在不同程度的损伤或病变,24.18%的种子内部未观察到可见胚。对解剖得到的1 185个组间杂种胚进行离体培养发现,有24.73%的胚不萌发,63.47%的胚生长异常,仅有4.47%的胚能正常生长,得到完整植株。胚培养得到的完整植株具备良好的活力,移栽成活率达到86.79%。24个杂交组合种皮开裂种子通过离体胚培养共得到46株移栽成活的组间杂种苗,平均成苗率为2.60%,接近正常组间杂交种子的播种成苗率（2.75%）。【结论】种皮开裂现象在芍药属组间杂交种子中普遍存在,是组间远缘杂交障碍的重要表现之一,用离体胚培养技术能有效克服这类障碍,提高成苗率。     

石柱县莼菜大田植物多样性调查与分析

调查重庆市石柱县野生莼菜大田的植物多样性。共发现植物244种,隶属于74科200属。其中菊科26属30种,禾本科19属21种,荨麻科8属12种,唇形科10属11种;外来入侵植物有34科63属69种,菊科、禾本科物种数最多;本土危害物种9科10属12种,危害能力极强。此外,还发现国家二级保护植物金荞麦(Fagopyrum dibotrys),重庆市省级重点保护野生植物瓶尔小草(Ophioglossum vulgatum)。区系分析、植被类型、植物组成分析显示,该地植物区系丰富,属于热带和温带气候带之间,且物种多样性相对丰富,湿地植物数量相对较高,危害植物干扰严重。     

蒙古甘草与新疆红杆甘草再生植株体系的构建

为了建立蒙古甘草和新疆红杆甘草植株再生体系,本研究采用胚轴、叶片、子叶和茎段做外植体,探究了不同激素配比对二者愈伤组织诱导及再生植株生长情况的影响,筛选出愈伤组织诱导和植株再生的最适外植体及最佳培养基。实验结果显示：MS+2.0 mg/L NAA+2.0 mg/L 6-BA为愈伤组织诱导与植株再生诱导的最佳培养基,其中,胚轴与子叶是最佳诱导外植体,愈伤组织诱导率均高于90%。本研究建立的快繁体系可为甘草优良品种繁育及甘草生产提供理论参考与实践指导。     

Development of specific PCR primers for identification and detection of <Emphasis Type="Italic">Phytophthora capsici</Emphasis> Leon

A PCR-based method was developed for the identification and detection of Phytophthora capsici in pepper plants. Three PCR primers (CAPFW, CAPRV1 and CAPRV2) specific for P. capsiciwere designed based on the sequence of its internal transcribed spacer regions. CAPFW/CAPRV1 amplify a 452 bp product from P. capsici DNA whereas CAPFW/CAPRV2 a 595 bp fragment; neither set amplifies DNA from pepper or several fungi pathogenic to pepper. In conventional (single-round) PCR, the limit of detection was 5 pg DNA for both primer sets, whereas in nested PCR the detection limit for both was of 0.5 fg. However, when the dilution series of target DNA were spiked with plant DNA, amplification declined two-fold in both conventional and nested PCR. The CAPFW/CAPRV2 set in conventional PCR was used to detect P. capsici DNA in inoculated plants. Detection occurred as soon as 8h post-inoculation in stem samples from infected but still symptomless plants. The method was also tested to detect fungal DNA in infected soils.     

Identification,Characteristics and Function of Phosphoglucomutase (PGM) in the Agar Biosynthesis and Carbon Flux in the Agarophyte Gracilariopsis lemaneiformis (Rhodophyta)

Agar is widely applied across the food, pharmaceutical and biotechnology industries, owing to its various bioactive functions. To better understand the agar biosynthesis in commercial seaweed Gracilariopsis lemaneiformis, the activities of four enzymes participating in the agar biosynthesis were detected, and phosphoglucomutase (PGM) was confirmed as highly correlated with agar accumulation. Three genes of PGM (GlPGM1, GlPGM2 and GlPGM3) were identified from the G. lemaneiformis genome. The subcellular localization analysis validated that GlPGM1 was located in the chloroplast and GlPGM3 was not significantly distributed in the organelles. Both the GlPGM1 and GlPGM3 protein levels showed a remarkable consistency with the agar variations, and GlPGM3 may participate in the carbon flux between (iso)floridoside, floridean starch and agar synthesis. After treatment with the PGM inhibitor, the agar and floridean starch contents and the activities of floridean starch synthase were significantly decreased; products identified in the Calvin cycle, the pentose phosphate pathway, the Embden-Meyerhof-Parnas pathway and the tricarboxylic acid cycle were depressed; however, lipids, phenolic acids and the intermediate metabolites, fructose-1,6-phosphate were upregulated. These findings reveal the essential role of PGM in regulating the carbon flux between agar and other carbohydrates in G. lemaneiformis, providing a guide for the artificial regulation of agar accumulation.