基于中国知网的农业研究热点分析

以中国知网数据库中收录的核心期刊文献题录为数据基础,借助文献计量学理论方法,以信息分析软件SPSS为工具,定量分析了农业领域的839 108篇学术论文,绘制了国内农业数据的知识图谱,揭示了农业领域研究的学科领军人物、核心研究机构、研究热点等。     

不同时代因素、地域因素及经济条件对中国母乳脂肪酸构成的影响研究

母乳是婴幼儿成长最自然、最安全、最理想的食品,是婴幼儿营养的最佳来源。母乳作为婴幼儿配方食品的重要参考标准,一直是国内外研究热点。近年来,国内对于母乳脂肪酸研究增多,通过统计学方法,对脂类组成的含量、含量变化规律、影响含量变化的因素进行研究,发现中国母乳脂肪酸构成受时代因素、地域因素及经济条件影响,为通过改变母乳的可干预因素对母乳成分进行调整与优化提供依据。     

Caspase-8 small hairpin RNA attenuates apoptosis of human bone marrow mesenchymal stem cells under conditions of serum deprivation and hypoxia

AIM：To investigate the effect of caspase-8 small hairpin RNA (shRNA) on attenuating apoptosis of human mesenchymal stem cells (hMSCs). METHODS：Two recombinant plasmids for over-expression of caspase-8 shRNA, pAd-Cap8 shRNA1 and pAd-Cap8 shRNA2, were constructed. Caspase-8 mRNA was determined in pAd-Cap8 shRNA-transfected human HEK293 cells by Q-PCR. The screened pAd-Cap8 shRNA was used to construct the recombinant adenovirus plasmid, which was linearized and transfected into HEK293 cells for packaging and amplification of the recombinant adenovirus rAd-Cap8 shRNA. The expression of caspase-8 at mRNA and protein levels was determined by Q-PCR and Western blotting. Annexin V/PI staining and determination of caspase-8 activity were performed to assess apoptosis of hMSCs under the conditions of serum deprivation and hypoxia. The mRNA expression of vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF), hepatocyte growth factor (HGF), insulin-like growth factor 1 (IGF-1), Bcl-2 and Bcl-xL was analyzed by Q-PCR. RESULTS：The pAd-Cap8 shRNA, which efficiently inhibited caspase-8 expression, was screened by Q-PCR. The recombinant adenovirus plasmid for caspase-8 shRNA was constructed and used to package and amplify the recombinant adenovirus (rAd)-Cap8 shRNA successfully. rAd-Cap8 shRNA-mediated caspase-8 shRNA markedly inhibited caspase-8 expression in hMSCs. Over-expression of caspase-8 shRNA by infection of rAd-Cap8 shRNA also efficiently decreased the apoptotic rate and caspase-8 activity in hMSCs under the conditions of serum deprivation and hypoxia, with up-regulation of the mRNA expression of HGF, IGF-1 and Bcl-2. CONCLUSION：Caspase-8 shRNA attenuates hMSC apoptosis under the conditions of serum deprivation and hypoxia.     

VP3基因突变鸡传染性贫血病毒的构建

以含CAV标准毒CuX-1株VP3突变体的pTCAVM阳性质粒为基础,通过重叠PCR在基因组位点nt682、nt808、nt829处进行定点突变,构建pTCAVM1、pTCAVM2、pTCAVM3突变体;在此基础上,对上述3个位点进行组合定点突变,构建成功pTCAVMa、pTCAVMb、pTCAVMc突变体;此外,成功构建克隆出3个位点均发生突变的pTCAVMd突变体。所有的突变体都保证VP3定点突变位点的碱基变化,同时不引起VP2蛋白的氨基酸残基序列发生变化,保证了突变体和原始病毒抗原性的一致;将得到的突变体转染易感细胞MSB1,获得具有复制特性的病毒,将病毒接种1日龄的SPF雏鸡,发现病毒可以在鸡体内复制,并引起CAV感染的病理学变化。本研究成功获得了多株感染性克隆毒株,为研究CAV病毒致病性以及开发鸡贫血弱毒活疫苗奠定了坚实的基础。     

吉林省湿润冷凉区玉米分蘖对产量及产量构成的影响

以玉米品种先玉335为试验材料,在吉林省东部湿润冷凉区,针对玉米分蘖对产量的影响进行了相关的研究。对结果进行方差分析后发现,在5.24万~5.95万株/hm2密度下,剔除与保留分蘖对玉米产量的影响不显著。生产中保留玉米的分蘖,对玉米收获的产量不产生影响,但更加利于提升该区域的玉米生产效率。     

Sedum sarmentosum Bunge extract inhibits epithelial-mesenchymal transition and collagen accumulation in aristolochic acid-treated rat renal tubular epithelial cells

AIM:To investigate the effect of Sedum sarmentosum Bunge (SSB) extract on epithelial-mesenchymal transition (EMT) and collagen accumulation induced by aristolochic acid (AA) in renal tubular epithelial cells. METHODS:Rat renal tubular epithelial NRK-52E cells were randomly divided into 3 groups, including control group (only treated with solvent), AA group (treated with AA at concentrations ranging from 1 to 100 mg/L) and SSB group (treated with AA at a concentration of 10 mg/L plus SSB extract at concentrations ranging from 10 to 2 000 mg/L). After cultured for 24 h, the morphology of the NRK-52E cells was observed under inverted phase-contrast microscope. The level of transforming growth factor β1 (TGF-β1) in the culture supernatant was measured by ELISA. Immunofluorescent analysis was performed to detect the expression of epithelial marker α-smooth muscle actin (α-SMA), mesenchymal marker E-cadherin, and extracellular cell matrix component type III collagen. The mRNA expression of E-cadherin, α-SMA, bone morphogenetic protein 7 (BMP-7) and type I collagen was also quantified by real-time PCR. RESULTS: Fibrosis-like reaction observed under microscope was obviously increased in AA-treated NRK-52E cells, and aggravated as the increase in the concentration of AA. AA at concentrations of 1 and 10 mg/L increased the expression of α-SMA, type I and type III collagens, and decreased the expression of E-cadherin. With SSB extract treatment, fibrosis in NRK-52E cells was alleviated, accompanied with the decreasing expression of α-SMA, type I and type III collagen, and the enhancing expression of E-cadherin and BMP-7.Moreover, SSB extract down-regulated TGF-β1 level in a concentration-dependent manner. CONCLUSION: AA-induced fibrosis-like reaction in renal tubular epithelial cells is reduced by the treatment with SSB extract. The possible mechanism is that SSB extract decreases TGF-β1 level, and inhibits renal EMT and collagen accumulation induced by AA.［KEY WORDS］Sedum sarmentosum Bunge|Aristolochic acid|Transforming growth factor β1|Epithelial-mesenchymal transition|Collagen     

新型间硝基苯甲酸稀土配位聚合物[Nd2（C7H4O4N）7H2O]n的水热合成和晶体结构

采用水热方法合成出一种新型的间硝基苯甲酸稀土配位聚合物[Nd2（C7H4O4N）7H2O]n,并通过元素分析、红外光谱、X射线单晶结构分析对该配位聚合物进行了表征.标题配位聚合物的晶体属于三斜晶系,P1空间群,晶胞参数a=0.984 8（2）nm,b=1.131 4（2）nm,c=1.366 3（3）nm,α=69.22（3）,°β=82.48（3）°,γ=82.21（3）°,V=1.404 5（5）nm3,Dc=1.806 g/cm3,Z=1.结构分析表明：标题化合物是由稀土金属Nd（Ⅲ）和间硝基苯甲酸组成的配位聚合物,此聚合物通过Ln—O—C—O—Ln形成无限一维链状结构,进一步又通过分子间氢键连接形成复杂的三维氢键网络结构.     

Effects of allicin on anti-tumor activity of rat NK cells in vitro

AIM: To investigate the role of allicin on the anti-tumor activity of rat NK cells in vitro. METHODS: CD3^-NKR-P1⁺ NK cells were isolated from rat spleen using Dynabeads FlowComp^TM Flexi system. The proliferation and apoptosis of the NK cells induced by allicin were analyzed by the method of flow cytometry. The levels of IFN-γ in the supernatants were measured by ELISA. Lactate dehydrogenase release assay was used to detect the cytotoxicity of the NK cells.RESULTS: In vitro, allicin significantly promoted the proliferation of NK cells, inhibited NK cell apoptosis, increased the level of IFN-Fγ in supernatants and enhanced the cytotoxicity of the NK cells to Yac-1 tumor cells in a dose-dependent manner. Allicin at concentration of 30 mg/L exerted the maximal effect on activating NK cells. CONCLUSION: Allicin enhances the activity of NK cells in vitro by upregulating IFN-γ expression.     

竹叶及其生物质炭输入对板栗林土壤N2O通量的影响

【目的】氧化亚氮(N2O)是温室气体的主要组成部分,其增温效应极强,陆地生态系统是N2O的主要排放源之一。人工林生态系统是陆地生态系统的重要组成部分,但目前关于经营措施对人工林生态系统土壤N2O通量的影响研究较少。本文研究了竹叶及其生物质炭输入对板栗林土壤N2O排放通量的影响,为调控亚热带人工林土壤N2O排放通量提供理论基础与科学依据。【方法】定位试验于2012年7月~2013年7月在浙江省临安市三口镇典型板栗林区进行,设对照、输入竹叶、输入生物质炭3个处理,利用静态箱-气相色谱法测定板栗林土壤N2O通量的动态变化以及土壤温度、土壤含水量、水溶性有机碳(WSOC)、水溶性有机氮(WSON)、微生物量碳(MBC)、微生物量氮(MBN)、NH+4-N和NO-3-N含量。【结果】不同处理条件下,板栗林土壤N2O排放通量均呈显著的季节性变化特征,最高值出现在7月,最低值出现在1月。与对照相比,竹叶处理的土壤N2O年平均通量和年累积排放量分别增加了17.2%和12.8%,而生物质炭处理的土壤N2O年平均通量和年累积排放量分别降低了27.4%和20.5%。竹叶处理的土壤WSON、MBN、NH+4-N及NO-3-N含量增加12.4%、19.1%、8.3%和13%,而生物质炭处理的NH+4-N和NO-3-N含量分别降低了14.1%和18%。在对照、竹叶以及生物质炭处理条件下,板栗林土壤N2O排放通量与土壤温度(表层5 cm处)和WSOC含量均有显著相关性(P 0.05),与土壤MBC含量均无显著相关性。竹叶处理土壤N2O通量与NH+4-N、NO-3-N及WSON含量均有显著相关性(P0.05)。【结论】在不同处理条件下,板栗林土壤N2O排放通量均呈现明显的季节性变化特征,表现为夏季高、 冬季低。输入竹叶可显著增加板栗林土壤N2O排放通量,而输入生物质炭N2O排放通量显著降低;输入竹叶和生物质炭可能是通过影响土壤碳库与氮库特征而影响土壤N2O的排放通量。     

青藏高原生态系统土壤有机碳研究进展

作为"世界第三极"的青藏高原,高寒生态系统是青藏高原主要的生态系统之一.它本身是一个复杂而又特殊的系统,因其独特的自然地理环境而形成的高寒土壤更有其独特的性质.本文首先综述了青藏高原高寒生态系统的土壤有机碳储量、估算方法的研究进展及造成估算结果差异的原因,随后对高寒土壤有机碳排放的观测试验进行了综述,探讨了气候变化对高寒生态系统土壤有机碳源汇效应的影响.目前,全球变暖的趋势正在加剧,40 年来,青藏高原气温平均上升了约 0.3 ～ 0.4℃,冻土面积正广泛退缩,这直接导致青藏高原高寒生态系统发生了以植被覆盖度减少、高寒草原草甸面积萎缩等为主要形式的显著退化,植被生产力和土壤有机碳输入量都减少,而温度升高加快了土壤有机碳分解速率,从而影响到高寒生态系统的碳循环和碳储量.青藏高原土壤有机碳的源汇效应问题已成为研究的热点,但是到目前为止,温度升高到底如何影响土壤有机碳的动态变化没有明确的定论,为此,我们必须从长期的观测试验来说明气候变化对土壤碳库的源汇效应.