立地条件对落叶松人工林生长的影响

通过对日本落叶松(Larix kaempferi)人工林在不同立地条件下的生长调查,结果表明,日本落叶松在生长过程中,受土层厚度、林地位置、立地指数等多方面因素的制约:厚层土胸径年生长量比中层土和薄层土高9.2%～26.7%,树高年生长量高21.8%～44%;生长在N坡,坡度较缓、山地下腹为优;在不同的立地指数级中,生长差异明显,18以上指数级比14～18指数级胸径生长量高25.4%,比14以下指数级胸径生长量高33.8%,树高生长量,18以上指数级比14～18指数级高26.7%,比14以下指数级高36.3%。培育日本落叶松人工林,选择优质立地条件不但可提高林木的生长速度,又能促使林木优质高产。     

玉米不同处理方式对泌乳奶牛瘤胃降解规律的影响

为了研究不同加工处理方法对玉米在奶牛瘤胃内降解率的影响,本试验选用5头荷斯坦泌乳牛利用尼龙袋法测定玉米渣、膨化玉米、玉米片和蒸汽压片玉米的干物质和淀粉在泌乳奶牛瘤胃中的降解率．．结果表明,48h的瘤胃降解率规律为：玉米片〉膨化玉米〉蒸汽压片玉米〉玉米渣。瘤胃内可降解干物质为：膨化玉米和玉米片〉蒸汽压片玉米和玉米渣;而可降解淀粉则为：膨化玉米〉玉米片〉蒸汽压片玉米〉玉米渣,以上结果表明,加工过程中温度湿度和压力的作用下,玉米籽实的结构发生变化,改变了瘤胃微生物接触淀粉的机会,从而影响玉米在瘤胃内的降解率。     

优质、抗逆、香型水稻新品种绥粳28的选育及应用前景分析

绥粳28是以绥粳4号为母本、绥粳11为父本进行有性杂交,利用系谱法选育而成的集优质、抗逆、香型等诸多优点于一身的水稻新品种,2018年通过黑龙江省品种审定委员会审定。本文介绍了该品种的选育经过、特征特性,并对该品种未来在黑龙江省的推广应用前景进行分析,为今后寒地优质粳稻品种选育提供参考。     

Fatty acid effect on hydroxypropyl methylcellulose-beeswax edible film properties and postharvest quality of coated 'Ortanique' mandarins

The objective of this work was to investigate the effect of fatty acid (FA) type and content on mechanical properties, water vapor permeability and oxygen permeability of hydroxypropyl methycellulose (HPMC)-beeswax (BW) stand-alone edible films. The effect of these films formed as coatings on the postharvest quality of 'Ortanique' mandarins was also studied. Selected FAs were stearic acid (SA), palmitic acid (PA), and oleic acid (OA), using BW/FA ratios of 1:0.5 and 1:0.2 (w/w). HPMCBW coatings reduced weight and firmness loss of 'Ortanique' mandarins, without compromising flavor quality compared to uncoated mandarins. Coatings containing OA provided the best weight loss control at both concentrations tested; however, when the BW/OA ratio was 1:0.5, the coatings increased fruit internal CO2, ethanol, and acetaldehyde contents of 'Ortanique' mandarins, therefore reducing flavor compared to the rest of the coatings studied. Although barrier and mechanical properties might be used to understand coating performance, differences observed between film oxygen permeability and coating permeability indicate that permeance should be measured on the coated fruit.     

生长素调控因子OsGRF4协同调控水稻粒形和稻瘟病抗性

【目的】水稻粒形为多基因控制的复杂数量性状,同时影响稻谷产量和稻米外观及碾磨品质,挖掘粒形相关基因并解析其遗传机制,对于水稻高产和优质品种选育具有重要意义。【方法】以前期利用大粒籼稻品种特大籼(TDX)为供体亲本、小粒粳稻品种日本晴(Nipponbare,NPB)为轮回亲本获得的一个大粒近等基因系,在水稻第2染色体上初定位粒形调控基因GS2.2(grain size 2.2)的基础上,对GS2.2基因进行了精细定位和候选功能基因的克隆鉴定。【结果】利用BC₄F₂群体中2887份极小粒单株及该群体中70份基因型杂合的大粒单株自交获得的BC₄F₃群体,将GS2.2基因精细定位在2M-7-1与2M-9之间的160.6 kb的区间内。该区间编码18个基因开放阅读框(ORF1-18)。测序发现ORF18基因在大粒近等基因系与小粒日本晴等位基因间存在5个SNP差异,ORF18编码生长素调控因子蛋白OsGRF4。采用CRISPR/Cas9基因编辑技术对大粒近等基因系中ORF18进行敲除,发现ORF18敲除株系粒长变短,证实ORF18是GS2.2的功能基因。进一步对ORF18大粒近等基因系和基因编辑敲除株系进行稻瘟菌室内离体和病圃接种鉴定,发现ORF18大粒近等基因系稻瘟病抗性增强,而基因编辑敲除株系稻瘟病抗性减弱,表明ORF18正调控水稻稻瘟病抗性。【结论】本研究发现的生长素调控因子OsGRF4协同调控水稻粒形和稻瘟病抗性,为协调水稻高产和抗性育种提供了重要的基因资源。     

子莲建选17号的种性研究

对建选17号品比试验、区试和生产示范的结果进行分析,建选17号生长势强,需种量1800～2250支/hm~2,比建宁县原主栽品种红花建莲节省25%～50%;有效花达57 150朵/hm~2,心皮数25.96个/蓬,结实率72.14%,生育期200～210 d。其通心白莲产量1100.96 kg/hm~2,比红花建莲增产46.74%。抗病力强,抗倒伏能力中等,稳产性好,适应性强。     

Phylogenetic and expression analysis of the magnesium transporter family in pear,and functional verification of PbrMGT7 in pear pollen

The magnesium ion (Mg²⁺) is the most abundant divalent cation in living cells, and it plays essential roles in various cellular functions. Mg²⁺ homeostasis in plant cells is crucial for plant growth. The MRS2/MGT family of proteins localise to various membranes, and they function during Mg²⁺ transport in plants, but their functions are largely unknown in fruit trees. In this study, we performed a genome-wide analysis to identify the MGT gene family members in the pear Pyrus bretschneideri. Sixteen MGT genes were identified. Analysis of the activity of pear pollen showed that a low-concentration magnesium ion treatment was beneficial for pollen germination and pollen tube growth. None of the 16 MGT genes were expressed in any unique tissue, including pollen, and their expression in magnesium-treated pollen varied greatly, where PbrMGT7 was the most sensitive and it was tested as a representative. PbrMGT7 could functionally complement a bacterial strain deficient in Mg²⁺, thereby indicating a role in magnesium transport. A co-localisation experiment confirmed that PbrMGT7 was localised in the mitochondria, which suggests that PbrMGT7 could mediate Mg-trafficking between the mitochondria and cytosol. Overall, these results suggest that PbrMGT7 is related to Mg²⁺ homeostasis during pear pollen tube growth.??     

籼稻杂交亲本与其F1代胚乳蛋白最高营养pI范围内组分之量变及种植季节对其影响

以华南地区7个早籼品种及其所配12对正反交组合F1代为材料,在对它们胚乳全蛋白进行等电聚焦-聚丙烯酰胺凝胶电泳（Isoelectrofocusing-polyacrylamidIEF-PAGE）分离定量基础上,确定最高营养pl（等电点）范围蛋白组分之比率;用统计学方法分析其变动与杂交方式及种植季节的关系。结果表明,无论所试材料遗传背景如何,它们的IEF－PAGE图谱均具有十分相似的特征;最高营养pl范围组分含量比率,正交与反交无显著差异,而早晚季间差异显著。     

覆盖作物与耕作法对土壤性质的影响

冬季种植覆盖作物结合免耕法构成的保护性耕作法,在冬春季土壤休闲时期可提高土壤含水率,抑制土壤风蚀,回收土壤残留氮素;在夏季作物栽培时期仍可提高土壤的含水率,抑制土壤有机质下降,提高土壤生物活性,改善土壤团粒结构,起到土壤保护作用。     

我国大豆磨浆机存在的主要问题及改进措施

目前,我国磨浆机生产企业数量较多,劣质、假厂名产品充斥市场,导致磨浆机生产行业整体质量水平较低。针对当前磨浆机存在制作材料不符合食品卫生要求、在使用上存在安全隐患等问题,提出加大磨浆机产品监督抽查频次和抽查力度,实施生产许可证管理,打击和取缔没有生产条件的企业和地下黑工厂等措施,以提高行业整体质量水平。