Effects of dietary copper sources on growth,tissue copper accumulation and physiological responses of Japanese sea bass (Lateolabrax japonicus) (Cuvier, 1828) fed semipurified or practical diets

An 8‐week trial was conducted to compare the efficacy of a chelated copper (Cu) with the inorganic Cu (CuSO₄), in the diet of Japanese sea bass (Lateolabrax japonicus). Six diets were prepared based on two basal diets (semi‐purified or practical) at two Cu inclusion levels (0 and 4 mg kg^?1 from or chelated‐Cu), accordingly named as S0, SI4, SM4, P0, PI4 and PM4 respectively. Each diet was fed to quadruplicate groups of Japanese sea bass (initial weight: 65.0 ± 0.03 g) during the trial. Fish fed practical diets had higher feed intake, specific growth rate, protein efficiency rate (PER), liver Cu accumulation, liver Na⁺K⁺‐ATPase and plasma alkaline phosphatase, but lower hepatosomatic index than the groups fed semi‐purified diets (P < 0.05). Higher PER was exhibited by fish fed chelated‐Cu diets than that of fish fed CuSO₄ diets (P < 0.05). Although liver Cu accumulation was significantly higher in fish fed practical diets,, liver Cu content increased significantly with increasing dietary copper levels only in fish fed semipurified diets. Chelated‐Cu has higher efficiency than CuSO₄ when fed in practical diets. Poor growth performance of fish fed semipurified diets might induce underestimating the nutrient requirement of Japanese sea bass.     

Operational Analysis of Open Untreated Sewage Source Heat Pump System

The effective sewage intake technology is prerequisite for the untreated sewage source heat pump system to run steadily. In terms of the insufficiency of current sewage intake technologies, an open sewage intake integration technology is proposed. The mathematical model and the distinguish basis of critical state are established for the sewage intake characteristic by defining some important operating parameters, such as the blocking coefficient, the contamination density and the section coefficient. Furthermore, the change rule of each critical operation parameter is observed along with the various initial parameters. The result can provide the theoretical basis to design the open intake integration technology.     

外施硅肥与灌溉方式对草地早熟禾白粉病病情的影响

为探索硅肥与灌溉方式对草地早熟禾(Poa pratensis)白粉病的防治效果,试验通过室内盆栽研究了外施硅肥与根灌对草地早熟禾白粉病病情的影响。结果表明,根灌对草地早熟禾白粉病病害的抵制作用不明显并具分异性;对于患病较重的禾草,根灌会使病情加重。外施SiO2溶液可以显著减轻草地早熟禾白粉病的病情指数和病害程度(P＜0.05)。在试验设定的硅肥梯度(0、31、92、275 mg/m2)内,随着施硅量的增加,病情的减轻愈显著。     

HPLC法测定饲料中的炔雌醇

为了制定中国适用于饲料中炔雌醇的高效液相色谱(HPLC)测定的标准方法。本研究通过添加回收方法,以三大类饲料基质（配合饲料、浓缩饲料、添加剂预混料）的代表样品为研究对象,建立了HPLC法测定饲料中炔雌醇的方法,即以乙腈-0.025%磷酸(1:1,v/v)组成混合提取液,超声辅助提取,经液液萃取和C18固相萃取净化后,以反相液相色谱荧光法测定。实验结果表明：该方法线性范围0.05~5 mg/L,线性相关系数0.9992;检出限浓度0.04 mg/kg（添加剂预混料为0.06 mg/kg）,定量限浓度0.1 mg/kg（添加剂预混料为0.2 mg/kg）;配合饲料在0.05、0.25、0.5 mg/kg添加水平的回收率和精密度分别为83%~87%和5.9%~7.0%;三大类饲料平均回收率在81%-86%,相对标准偏差（RSDs）实验室内为3.3%~9.6%,实验室间为5.7%~6.6%。该方法操作简单、环保、灵敏,适用于各类饲料样品中炔雌醇的快速筛查。     

Coagulation Behavior and Floc Properties of Dosing Different Alkaline Neutralizers into the Fenton Oxidation Effluent

Neutralization is the necessary operation to ensure the Fenton effluent pH. In situ coagulation can be induced during neutralization. In this study, three types of alkaline neutralizers (Ca(OH)₂, NaOH, and Ca(OH)₂?+?NaOH) were added into the Fenton oxidized PSE to control the effluent pH of 6 to 9. The coagulation behavior, floc structure, and properties were investigated. The results indicated that the coagulation with the adding of three neutralizers can remove 9.68 to 24.02% of the TOC. Ca(OH)₂ exhibited the highest TOC removal efficiency at the dosage of 0.4 g/L. Charge neutralization ability was in the following order: Ca(OH)₂?>?Ca(OH)₂?+?NaOH?>?NaOH. Ca(OH)₂ and Ca(OH)₂?+?NaOH showed the increase of floc growth rate with the increase of agent dosage, especially for Ca(OH)₂?+?NaOH. Moreover, D_f of NaOH flocs was higher than that of Ca(OH)₂ and Ca(OH)₂?+?NaOH, indicating the floc formed by NaOH was more compact than that of Ca(OH)₂. The main coagulation process of three neutralizers was different, and it was also affected by the agent dosage (or pH). When the dosage was 0.35 g/L (pH 6–7.5), the complexation, adsorption, and bridging were the predominant processes while charge neutralization gradually became the main coagulation process for Ca(OH)₂ and Ca(OH)₂?+?NaOH with the increase of dosage (pH 7.5–9).     

覆膜和灌水量对农田水热动态和制种玉米生长的影响

覆膜和节水灌溉是我国西北旱区应对水资源短缺、提高作物水分生产率的主要措施。为了探索覆膜与灌溉制度对农田水热和制种玉米生长的综合影响,揭示农田耗水及水分利用效率的变化规律,于2017年在中国农业大学石羊河流域农业与生态节水试验站进行了制种玉米田间试验,设置覆膜与水分2个控制因素,覆膜分别为完全覆膜(M1)与不覆膜(M0)2个水平,水分设置W1、W2、W3、W4和W5 5个水平,分别为当地传统灌溉定额的100%、85%、70%、55%和40%,灌水方式为滴灌,共10个处理。结果表明:相同灌水条件下覆膜相对于不覆膜处理,可减少棵间蒸发,增高生育前期土壤温度,使株高和叶面积指数的增长速率高于不覆膜,提前7~10 d达峰值,增产达6.5%~44.6%,水分利用效率提高16.9%~50.4%。但覆膜可阻滞降雨入渗,以单次典型降雨32.4 mm为例,覆膜较不覆膜降雨入渗百分比降低22.4%。相同覆膜条件下,土壤贮水消耗量随着灌水量的减少而增多,因此土壤贮水量随着灌水量的增加而增加。灌水量越多,制种玉米株高、叶面积指数和最终干物质累积量越高,而水分利用效率则越低。覆膜条件下,W1处理产量最高,W3次之,且两者之间无显著性差异,水分利用效率则为W5处理最高,W3次之。M1W3处理可以在保证较高产量的同时,水分利用效率较MIW1提高17.6%。综上,在当地制种玉米生产中,虽然覆膜可能减少地表降水入渗,但可以使生育期提前、减少棵间蒸发,对于节水增产有一定的促进作用。     

胡杨miR1444b在拟南芥中正调控植物抗旱性

目的miR1444b是木本植物特异miR1444家族中的一员,能够参与植物对金属胁迫的响应,但在干旱胁迫响应中的功能尚不明确。方法本实验克隆得到了胡杨MIR1444b基因(peu-MIR1444b)及其启动子(pro-peu-MIR1444b),将peu-MIR1444b基因在模式植株拟南芥中过表达,对转基因植株进行正常浇水、甘露醇模拟干旱和自然干旱条件处理,研究peu-MIR1444b的功能。结果克隆得到的pro-peu-MIR1444b和peu-MIR1444b与Phytozome数据库收录的毛果杨基因组序列相似性分别为99.61%和98.82%。利用PlantCARE数据库分析发现,pro-peu-MIR1444b序列中包含逆境相关的TC-rich repeats元件和受干旱诱导的MYB结合位点MBS。实时荧光定量PCR分析显示miR1444b在转基因拟南芥中表达量显著高于野生型,预测的靶基因葡聚糖合成酶Ⅳ(AT3G14570.2)表达量明显下调,初步确定葡聚糖合成酶Ⅳ在拟南芥中被peu-miR1444b负调控。在250 mmol/L甘露醇模拟的干旱胁迫条件下,转基因拟南芥株系TG-2和TG-5萌发率分别显著高于野生型20.83%和26.67%,根长分别显著高于野生型56.83%和52.60%(P < 0.05)。土壤自然干旱8 d测得转基因拟南芥的光合速率、气孔导度、叶片水分利用效率、PSⅡ最大光化学效率和过氧化物酶(POD)活性均显著高于野生型(P < 0.05)。结论胡杨miR1444b可以促进根系生长增加植物的吸水能力,负调控葡聚糖合成酶Ⅳ提高植物的渗透调节能力,维持植物在水分亏缺条件下的光合效率,保证植株正常生长,在拟南芥中正调控植物抗旱性。      

动物疫病监测系统评价概述

动物疫病监测系统是预防和控制动物疫病的有效手段。为了改进监测方法,优化资源配置,更好地实现监测目的,本文对动物疫病监测系统的评价进行了概述。系统评价包括:评价的常用指标,如覆盖率、时效性、代表性与偏倚、敏感性与特异性、预测值、简单性、灵活性、稳定性、可接受性、数据质量、成本-效益、交流和数据管理等;评价步骤与内容包括,如界定评价的目的和范围、描述所评价监测系统的特征、确定监测系统评价的研究设计、实施评估、报告与交流等;另外还有评价方法。但目前国内还没有统一、全面的监测系统评价方法。     

不同性比对井上蛀果斑螟成虫寿命及生殖力的影响

井上蛀果斑螟Assara inouei是云南石榴上最为重要的蛀果害虫,为明确不同性比对该虫成虫寿命及生殖力的影响,在温度(25±1)℃、光周期L∥D=15h∥9h,RH 70%±10%条件下,分别设置1∶4、1∶3、1∶2、1∶1、2∶1、3∶1和4∶1(♀∶♂)共7种雌雄性比处理,研究了性比对井上蛀果斑螟雌雄成虫寿命、产卵前期、产卵期、产卵量和子代卵孵化率等主要生物学参数的影响。结果表明:雌雄性比为2∶1时的产卵期、雌雄成虫寿命均显著长于其余性比,产卵前期短于除3∶1外的其余性比;性比为1∶2时产卵高峰单雌日产卵量显著大于其余性比;性比为1∶3时平均单雌产卵量显著大于其余性比,卵的孵化率显著大于除1∶2外的其余性比。无论在偏雄或偏雌性比条件下,随着雄虫或雌虫比例的增大,产卵前期均先减小后逐渐增大,产卵期均先增大后逐渐减小,平均单雌产卵量均先逐渐增大后减小。偏雄性比条件下子代卵的孵化率高于偏雌条件下。性比对井上蛀果斑螟成虫寿命及生殖力有显著影响,性比偏高或偏低均不利于井上蛀果斑螟种群的生殖。     

杀菌剂对沙打旺种子萌发和幼苗生长的短期影响

病害是导致沙打旺(Astragalus adsurgens)草地产量下降的主要原因之一。本研究用杀菌剂对沙打旺种子进行预处理,在培养皿和盆栽两种培养条件下模拟沙打旺种子在自然环境中受到不同病原真菌侵染后的萌发和生长状况,探讨杀菌剂预处理的作用和效果。结果表明,人工接种病原菌后,经杀菌剂处理的种子,其发芽率,植株的株高、根长和干重较无菌水处理种子显著提高(P0.05),而发病率、死亡率和平均病情指数则相应地显著降低(P0.05)。不同杀菌剂的防治效果有所不同,在多菌灵、代森锰锌和甲基托布津3种杀菌剂中,代森锰锌预处理防治效果最好。