苹果轮纹病药剂筛选与药剂配方

为解决苹果枝干轮纹病有效防治药剂缺乏的问题,1998—1999年在富士苹果枝干轮纹病树上开展其病害的药剂配方、浓度、防治次数、时期筛选及病斑不同刮治程度试验,2000—2002年在富士苹果枝干轮纹病树上开展果实轮纹病防治试验,结果表明,5波美度石硫合剂∶硅石粉剂=100∶4或100∶6对苹果枝干轮纹病具有显著的增效作用;1年2次施药效果显著;第1次施药前应采取轻刮,以后防治直接用药;多菌灵与波尔多液交替、多菌灵与石硫合剂∶硅石粉剂交替使用采收期与贮藏期防治果实轮纹病效果均突出;套袋果实轮纹病防效达100%。     

Effects of CENP-W down-regulation on human glioma U87 cells

AIM: To study the effect of centromere protein W (CENP-W) down-regulation on human glioma U87 cells.METHODS: Small interfering RNA (siRNA) was used to inhibit the expression of CENP-W in the U87 cells. The interference effect of siRNA was evaluated by RT-qPCR and Western blot. The proliferation of the cells was analyzed by MTT assay, BrdU staining and colony formation experiment. Transwell chamber assay was used to detect the invasion ability of the cells. The cell migration ability was measured by a scratch test. The changes of the cell cycle distribution and apoptosis were analyzed by flow cytometry.RESULTS: The results of MTT assay, colony formation experiment and BrdU staining showed that the cell proliferation and colony formation abilities in experimental group were significantly lower than those in control group and negative control group. The results of Transwell and scratch experiments showed that the migration and invasion abilities in experimental group were weaker than those in blank control group and negative control group. The results of flow cytometry analysis showed that the cell cycle distribution in experimental group was arrested in G₀/G₁ phase. The percentage of apoptotic cells in experimental group was higher than that in control group (P<0.05).CONCLUSION: Down-regulation of CENP-W expression inhibits the proliferation, migration and invasion of human glioma cells and promotes the apoptosis of the cells, suggesting that CENP-W may be a potential target of gene therapy for human glioma.     

非洲猪瘟病原学及单克隆抗体制备技术研究进展

非洲猪瘟是由非洲猪瘟病毒引起猪的高度接触性、传染性、出血性以及高死亡率的传染病。20世纪中期以来,已在非洲、欧洲和美洲等数十个国家流行,并在近几年内蔓延至欧亚两洲接壤处的格鲁吉亚、亚美尼亚、阿塞拜疆以及俄罗斯境内,其一旦侵入我国,将会给我国养猪业带来极大的危害。非洲猪瘟病原学研究以及制备相应的单克隆抗体对非洲猪瘟病毒快速诊断技术研究和疫苗研制有着重大的现实意义。主要从病原学和单克隆抗体制备方面对非洲猪瘟的研究进展进行了综述。     

基于Landsat的高山松地上生物量动态变化估测模型构建

以香格里拉市高山松为研究对象,基于1987—2017年的国家森林资源清查固定样地和对应年的Landsat TM/OLI数据提取对应的遥感因子,计算30 a期间生物量和遥感因子的5、10 a定期变化量、年平均变化量、5、10 a变化率;采用多元线性回归（MLR）和随机森林（RF）方法构建地上生物量模型,提高高山松森林AGB动态变化遥感估测的精度。结果表明：基于5种变化量类型的RF模型效果均优于相应的MLR模型,RF模型中采用5 a变化率效果最好,其拟合R²为0.956,RMSE为0.664 t/(hm²·a),预测结果中RMSE为2.285 t/(hm²·a);纹理因子在高山松地上生物量变化量建模中贡献最大。采用遥感因子变化率构建的高山松地上生物量动态变化估测模型,提高了生物量变化的估测精度,可为森林地上生物量的动态估测研究提供参考。     

基于因子分析的中国林业发展潜力

立足于我国林业资源可持续发展,为制定正确的林业资源发展战略,研究林业发展潜力并揭示潜力提升空间是十分必要的。选择27个省作为研究对象,运用《中国林业统计年鉴2008》数据,采用因子分析法,将反映林业发展潜力的10项主要评价指标转化为评价的5个主要因子,并对27个省进行排名发现,各地区林业资源占有和经营、林业资源质量和管理,以及自然、培育和人文转型潜力发展不平衡,南方各省的林业具有很大的发展潜力。并提出了提高南方集体林区森林活立木蓄积量,继续和深化国有森林资源管理改革和创新,大力发展森林旅游业等有力措施。     

结构植物学在茄子单性结实选育上的应用进展

茄子的单性结实品系和非单性结实品系的果实在形态结构方面存在着较大差异,从茄子在植物形态解剖学、植物细胞学和胚胎学现今研究成果出发,就结构植物学在茄子单性结实选育上的应用进行了阐述。     

高温闷棚技术在大棚辣椒连作生产上的应用

为研究大棚辣椒土传病害绿色防控技术,选择不同的高温闷棚杀菌方法,以本地传统的高温炕地杀菌方法为对照,调查不同处理对地温和土壤pH值的影响,调查不同处理大棚辣椒的根结线虫、疫病、枯萎病、青枯病和根腐病的发生为害情况,测量大棚辣椒产量。结果表明,应用石灰氮、覆盖地膜和大棚膜进行高温闷棚对大棚辣椒土传病害有较好的防治效果。     

Green tea polyphenols supplementation alters immunometabolism and oxidative stress in dairy cows with hyperketonemia

Peripartal cows often experience negative energy balance, and are therefore prone to suffering from metabolic diseases such as hyperketonemia, which causes financial losses in dairy farms. This study aimed to investigate the effect of green tea polyphenol (GTP) supplementation during the periparturient period on production performance, oxidative stress and immunometabolism in dairy cows with hyperketonemia. One hundred Holstein cows were assigned to GTP (0.2 g/kg DM; n = 50) or control (without GTP; n = 50) group based on body weight, previous milk yield, and parity on d 15 before expected parturition. Subsequently, 10 cows with hyperketonemia were selected from each group, according to blood β-hydroxybutyric acid (BHBA) concentration between 1.2 and 2.9 mmol/L from 2 to 3 d postpartum. All cows were fed a close-up diet and a lactation diet with or without GTP supply from 15 d prepartum until 30 d postpartum. Milk and blood samples were obtained from 20 cows selected with hyperketonemia on 10, 20, and 30 d postpartum. Compared with control cows, greater milk yield and lower somatic cell count were observed in GTP cows. The GTP group had lower concentrations of BHBA, free fatty acids, cholesterol, triglyceride, reactive oxygen species, malondialdehyde, and hydrogen peroxide, greater concentrations of glucose, lower activities of aspartate aminotransferase, alanine aminotransferase, and glutamyl transpeptidase, alongside greater activities of superoxide dismutase, glutathione peroxidase, and total antioxidant capacity. Additionally, GTP supplementation up-regulated concentrations of interleukin-6 and interleukin-10, but down-regulated concentrations of tumor necrosis factor-α, interleukin-1β, interleukin-2, interleukin-8, and interferon-γ in plasma. Greater concentrations of plasma immunoglobulin G were also detected in the GTP group. Overall, the data suggested that GTP supplementation from 15 d prepartum to 30 d postpartum improved the milk yield and health status in cows with hyperketonemia during early lactation.     

育种咨询系统中的水稻杂交后代性状预测

杂交育种是一个很复杂的组合过程。由于指导育种的遗传学原理还远不够完善,因此,在实践中更多的是依赖育种家的经验和技巧,从而造成了育种工作中一定程度上的盲目性。为了提高育种效率,有必要发展一套为育种工作服务的咨询系统。利用它协助育种家收集数据、分析育种过程。本文重点阐述水稻杂交咨询系统研制中的杂交后代性状预测方法及原理。     

苹果果实表皮总蛋白提取及双向电泳方法的优化

以苹果果实表皮为试材,采用3种方法提取果实表皮总蛋白,并对双向电泳(2-DE)操作体系进行优化。结果表明:改良酚提法适于苹果果实表皮总蛋白的提取,优化后的2-DE分离体系为预制IPG胶条18cm pH 4~7,上样量600μg,改进后的等电聚焦程序,浓度16%的分离胶,适于苹果果实表皮总蛋白的2-DE分离。