Green tea polyphenols supplementation alters immunometabolism and oxidative stress in dairy cows with hyperketonemia

Peripartal cows often experience negative energy balance, and are therefore prone to suffering from metabolic diseases such as hyperketonemia, which causes financial losses in dairy farms. This study aimed to investigate the effect of green tea polyphenol (GTP) supplementation during the periparturient period on production performance, oxidative stress and immunometabolism in dairy cows with hyperketonemia. One hundred Holstein cows were assigned to GTP (0.2 g/kg DM; n = 50) or control (without GTP; n = 50) group based on body weight, previous milk yield, and parity on d 15 before expected parturition. Subsequently, 10 cows with hyperketonemia were selected from each group, according to blood β-hydroxybutyric acid (BHBA) concentration between 1.2 and 2.9 mmol/L from 2 to 3 d postpartum. All cows were fed a close-up diet and a lactation diet with or without GTP supply from 15 d prepartum until 30 d postpartum. Milk and blood samples were obtained from 20 cows selected with hyperketonemia on 10, 20, and 30 d postpartum. Compared with control cows, greater milk yield and lower somatic cell count were observed in GTP cows. The GTP group had lower concentrations of BHBA, free fatty acids, cholesterol, triglyceride, reactive oxygen species, malondialdehyde, and hydrogen peroxide, greater concentrations of glucose, lower activities of aspartate aminotransferase, alanine aminotransferase, and glutamyl transpeptidase, alongside greater activities of superoxide dismutase, glutathione peroxidase, and total antioxidant capacity. Additionally, GTP supplementation up-regulated concentrations of interleukin-6 and interleukin-10, but down-regulated concentrations of tumor necrosis factor-α, interleukin-1β, interleukin-2, interleukin-8, and interferon-γ in plasma. Greater concentrations of plasma immunoglobulin G were also detected in the GTP group. Overall, the data suggested that GTP supplementation from 15 d prepartum to 30 d postpartum improved the milk yield and health status in cows with hyperketonemia during early lactation.     

Pharmacokinetics of sanguinarine,chelerythrine, and their metabolites in broiler chickens following oral and intravenous administration

Sanguinarine (SA) and chelerythrine (CHE) are the main active components of the phytogenic livestock feed additive, Sangrovit®. However, little information is available on the pharmacokinetics of Sangrovit® in poultry. The goal of this work was to study the pharmacokinetics of SA, CHE, and their metabolites, dihydrosanguinarine (DHSA) and dihydrochelerythrine (DHCHE), in 10 healthy female broiler chickens following oral (p.o.) administration of Sangrovit® and intravenous (i.v.) administration of a mixture of SA and CHE. The plasma samples were processed using two different simple protein precipitation methods because the parent drugs and metabolites are stable under different pH conditions. The absorption and metabolism of SA following p.o. administration were fast, with half‐life (t_1/2) values of 1.05 ± 0.18 hr and 0.83 ± 0.10 hr for SA and DHSA, respectively. The maximum concentration (C_max) of DHSA (2.49 ± 1.4 μg/L) was higher that of SA (1.89 ± 0.8 μg/L). The area under the concentration vs. time curve (AUC) values for SA and DHSA were 9.92 ± 5.4 and 6.08 ± 3.49 ng/ml hr, respectively. Following i.v. administration, the clearance (CL) of SA was 6.79 ± 0.63 (L·h^?1·kg^?1) with a t_1/2 of 0.34 ± 0.13 hr. The AUC values for DHSA and DHCHE were 7.48 ± 1.05 and 0.52 ± 0.09 (ng/ml hr), respectively. These data suggested that Sangrovit® had low absorption and bioavailability in broiler chickens. The work reported here provides useful information on the pharmacokinetic behavior of Sangrovit® after p.o. and i.v. administration in broiler chickens, which is important for the evaluation of its use in poultry.     

宿主域扩大的重组救活昆虫杆状病毒表达载体的构建及外源基因的表达

通过克隆的家蚕核多角体病毒解旋酶基因DNA与重组救活可线性化的苜蓿尺蠖核多角体病毒基因工程载体病毒 (BacPAK6 )DNA在昆虫细胞中发生重组 ,经累代筛选获得了既可感染家蚕又可感染秋粘虫细胞Sf 2 1的宿主域扩大的昆虫杆状病毒表达载体 (HyBacPAK6 )。HyBacPAK6DNA经Bsu36Ⅰ酶切后与含植酸酶基因的转移载体pVL1393 phy在家蚕细胞中重组后 ,通过蓝白斑筛选发现重组率可达 90 %以上。然而以杂交病毒为载体的外源基因表达量仅为以BmNPV为载体病毒的表达量的 2 0 %左右。分析认为HyBacPAK6可用于表达一些对蚕体有害的外源基因。     

Design of the dynamic safety management system for the confidential carrier based on RFID

针对当前涉密载体的管理现状,详细分析了涉密载体管理过程中存在的安全隐患,并基于RFID技术和数据库技术,提出了涉密载体动态安全管理系统设计方案.该系统包含涉密载体的电子标识、库存安全、借用审批、动态跟踪、动用查询和销毁六个子系统,可实现涉密载体的全生命周期管理.对涉密载体管理单位有着非常好的参考价值和现实意义.     

广西野生动物非法利用和走私的种类初步调查

广西独特的地理位置使得广西成为全国野生动物贸易的集散地之一。为了解广西野生动物的走私种类及其季节性变化,作者统计了广西2007～2008年已破获的非法利用和走私野生动物案件涉及的种类及其季节性变化。结果表明2007和2008年分别查获案件54起和61起。野生动物走私和非法案件中涉及种类共有71种,隶属15目33科,其中两栖类2种,占所有种数的2.8%;爬行类27种（蜥蜴类8种、龟鳖类5种、鳄类1种、蛇类13种）,占38.0%;鸟类25种,占35.2%;哺乳类17种,占23.9%。2007和2008年查获的非法利用和走私野生动物分别是56种和32种,非法利用或走私的种类主要是珍稀濒危的种类,数量大,种类多。广西的野生动物走私和非法利用需要引起关注。     

现代母猪和乳仔猪免疫营养需求和液体饲喂管理技术应用

中国规模化养猪面临严重的疾病挑战,规模猪场疾病流行呈现出明显的特点,尤其是流行性疾病导致免疫抑制疾病明显增加。猪免疫抑制与实际生产中流行的高致病病原体、饲养管理不善和营养不良、疫苗使用过多、抗生素滥用和药物残留等关系密切。现代猪品种发生了很大的变化,而规模化猪场母猪和乳仔猪存在的一系列疾病、营养和管理等问题与品种变化和免疫营养需求改变密不可分。现代养猪要结合"抵抗应激、增强免疫、均衡营养、健康养猪"的理念,并结合"养重于防、防重于治、防治结合"的实践方针。世界先进的小猪配方奶粉可以有几种主要的使用方法,包括代替母乳法、补充母乳法、增强采食法、协助断奶法和饲料原料法等,在本文中有详细的介绍。强化现代养猪实践中的全面营养解决方案和全面健康管理方案,并将现代液体饲喂纳入正常的生产管理范畴,可让规模养猪场达成每头母猪每年增加二头猪上市的整体性能,实现效益的提升。     

3H—萱草根素在小鼠体内吸收分布,排泄和代谢的初步观察

本文应用放射性同位素示综技术,初步观察了~3H-萱草根素在小鼠体内吸收分布、排泄和代谢的全过程。~3H-萱草根素口服后0.5小时,小鼠血液中放射性即达到高峰,并以低浓度维持96小时以上;其随血液循环分布于各组织器官,以胃肠组织含量最高,其次是肝脏和脾脏。萱草根素有蓄积性;一次给药和以同等剂量分次(每天一次,三天)投药后的相同时间,各组织中~3H-萱草根素的含量差异不显著。主要排泄途径是粪便,其次是尿液。经有机溶剂处理后的尿液分为水、脂二相,其放射性测量和薄板层析放射自显影结果均表明:~3H-萱草根素在体内经过代谢后结构发生了变化,从尿液中排出的不是萱草根素原形,而是其代谢产物。     

鸡粒细胞-巨噬细胞集落刺激因子的原核表达及生物学活性分析

通过PCR方法扩增不含信号肽的鸡GM-CSF成熟蛋白基因,克隆至原核表达载体pET-32a（＋）,构建原核表达质粒p32GM-CSF,通过IPTG诱导重组鸡GM-CSF蛋白表达,经镍离子亲和层析纯化后,用MTT法检测表达重组蛋白的生物学活性,并制备兔抗鸡GM-CSF多克隆抗体。结果表明成功地构建了p32GM-CSF原核表达质粒,SDS-PAGE结果显示表达的重组蛋白约34 ku,主要以包涵体形式表达,纯化后得到高纯度目的蛋白。West-ern Blot结果表明,该重组蛋白能与制备的抗鸡GM-CSF抗体特异性结合。MTT试验证实,该重组蛋白具有明显增强鸡骨髓细胞增殖的生物学活性;这些研究结果表明,表达的重组chGM-CSF蛋白及其多克隆抗体拥有相应的生物学功能,这将为进一步研究鸡GM-CSF蛋白的生物学功能及其应用奠定基础。     

巡逻犬盘查监控能力训练实验研究

<正>盘查是警察巡逻勤务中运用最多见且特别重要的手段。在盘查中执勤民警与工作对象具有遭遇性,并且是面对面地、直接地进行较量,盘查时被盘查人对执勤民警造成伤害或脱逃的情况屡见不鲜。将巡逻犬运用于巡     

副猪嗜血杆菌黏附基因的表达和免疫原性鉴定

为获得副猪嗜血杆菌(HPS)黏附素基因的表达产物并对其进行免疫原性鉴定,本研究采用PCR技术扩增了HPS黏附素基因序列,将扩增产物与表达载体pET-32a(+)连接,得到表达重组质粒。通过EcoRⅤ和HindⅢ双酶切鉴定和测序确认正确后,将重组质粒转化大肠杆菌BL21(DE3)中进行表达。经SDS-PAGE电泳分析,获得了59.5ku的表达产物,与预期大小的黏附素蛋白分子量一致。经western blot检测,表达产物与HPS阳性血清反应,证明表达产物具有一定的免疫活性。提示本研究所表达的蛋白将有助于HPS的血清学诊断和疫苗的研发。