水芹大棚基质栽培试验初报

以鄂水芹1号为试材,以泥炭、蛭石、菇渣和土为基质材料,进行了8种不同配方基质栽培水芹的试验研究,结果表明,50%泥炭+50%菇渣配方下栽培的水芹产量最高,667m2达6510.6kg,可推荐为大棚水芹基质栽培的理想配方。从营养成分测试结果来看,露地大田种植的水芹营养成分含量较高,大棚基质栽培的水芹营养价值稍逊,但更加水嫩。     

Planting spacing affects canopy structure,biomass production and stem roundness in poplar plantations

To improve the productivity and wood quality of poplar plantations, effects of four planting spacing on canopy characteristics, biomass production and stem roundness in poplar plantations were evaluated over 8 years. Planting spacing influenced canopy characteristics of the plantations, and further affected the understory vegetation and plantation productivity. Understory vegetation biomass and Shannon-Wiener index were negatively correlated with leaf area index, but both diversity indexes and aboveground biomass of understory vegetation were higher in stands with a wider spacing. Tree diameter growth increased with increasing planting spacing, while the increment in plantations of square configurations (5?×?5 m and 6?×?6 m) was higher than those with rectangular configurations (3?×?8 m, 4.5?×?8 m). The highest poplar biomass production was achieved in the plantation with 5?×?5 m spacing at age 8. Moreover, poplar trees showed a tendency with better stem roundness in a square configuration. The results suggest that planting spacing not only affect canopy characteristics, understory vegetation and tree growth but also wood quality, and square configurations (5?×?5 m and 6?×?6 m) could be a better option for poplar plywood timber production at similar sites.     

Effects of O<Subscript>3</Subscript> stress on physico-chemical and biochemical properties and composition of main microbial groups of a soil cropped to soybean

Tropospheric O₃ (ozone) stress can negatively affect forest productivity and crop yields. Yet, relatively little attention has been paid to the effects of O₃ stress on belowground system. Here, a pot experiment was conducted in open top chambers to monitor the response of physico-chemical properties, main microbial groups, and potential enzyme activities of a soil cropped to soybean (Glycine max; a highly sensitive species to O₃) and exposed to background O₃ concentration (45?±?5 ppb, control) and O₃ stress (80?±?10 ppb, O₃+ and 110?±?10 ppb, O₃++) with sampling at branching, flowering, and podding stages. The growth of soybean was significantly inhibited by O₃ stress, which showed significant effects on soil microbial biomass C and pH during the whole growth of soybean at the highest concentration. The O₃++ stress significantly decreased soil pH at flowering stage, and increased soil pH at podding stage; the O₃+ stress and growth stage?×?O₃+ stress showed significant influences on the potential activities of acid phosphomonoesterase, invertase, and amylase. The O₃ stress significantly reduced the abundances of total PLFAs (phospholipid fatty acid), bacterial PLFAs, and AMF (arbuscular mycorrhizal) PLFAs at branching and podding stages. Our results suggest that the main soil microbial groups might be indirectly affected by the O₃ stress through the alteration of soil physico-chemical properties with changes in the potential enzyme activities of soil.     

Variation of soil enzyme activity and microbial biomass in poplar plantations of different genotypes and stem spacings

To improve the productivity of poplar plantations, a field experiment of split-plot design with four tree spacings and three poplar clones was established, and four soil enzyme activities and microbial biomass were monitored in the trial.Soil enzyme activities, in most cases,were significantly higher in topsoil(0–10 cm) than in lower horizons(10–20 cm).Soil cellulase, catalase and protease activities during the growing season were higher than during the non-growing season, while invertase activity followed the opposite trend.Soil invertase, cellulase and catalase activities varied by poplar clone but soil protease activity did not.Cellulase and protease activities in the plantation at 5×5 m spacing were significantly higher than in the other spacings.The highest catalase activity was recorded at 6×6 m spacing.At the same planting density, invertase activity was greater in square spacings than in rectangular spacings.Soil microbial biomass was also significantly affected by seedling spacing and poplar clone.The mean soil MBC was significantly lower in topsoil than in the lower horizon, while MBN showed the opposite pattern.Significantly positive correlations were observed among soil cellulase, protease and catalase activities(p0.01), whereas soil invertase activity was negatively and significantly correlated with cellulase, protease and catalase activities(p0.01).Soil microbial biomass and enzyme activities were not correlated except for a significantly negative correlation between soil MBC and catalase activities.Variations in soil enzyme activity and microbial biomass in different poplar plantations suggest that genotype and planting spacing should be considered when modeling soil nutrient dynamics and managing for long-term site productivity.     

慈姑中秋水仙碱的提取及抗炎作用研究

[目的]研究慈姑中秋水仙碱的最佳提取工艺及抗炎作用.[方法]考察乙醇浓度、提取时间、提取温度和料液比对慈姑中秋水仙碱提取率的影响,在单因素试验的基础上,采用L9(34)正交试验优化提取工艺参数.根据最佳提取工艺,采用高效液相色谱法,测定慈姑中秋水仙碱的含量.通过体外抗炎试验,来评价慈姑中秋水仙碱的抗炎能力.[结果]慈姑中秋水仙碱的最佳提取工艺条件为:乙醇浓度60％,提取温度50℃,提取时间30 min,料液比1:25 (g/ml).慈姑中秋水仙碱的含量为40.58 μ.g/100 mg.与模型对照组比较,慈姑中秋水仙碱(9.0,4.5g/kg)抑制胸腔液PGE2,TNF-α,IL-1β含量升高(P＜0.05).慈姑中秋水仙碱高剂量组能抑制肺组织TNF-α.IL-1β,MDA含量升高(P＜0.01),中剂量组抑制肺组织IL-1β含量升高(P＜0.01).[结论]慈姑中秋水仙碱具有良好的抗炎作用,抗炎机制可能与影响炎症介质产生和抗氧化作用有关.     

江西省种猪群伪狂犬病血清学横断面研究

为了解江西省种猪群伪狂犬病(PR)的流行情况,寻找狂犬病毒(PRV)感染的潜在风险因素,开展了本次横断面研究。按照估计流行率的抽样策略,随机抽取73个种猪场,根据猪场养殖规模将其分为3种类型,分别进行抽样,然后采用PRV g E-ELISA抗体检测试剂盒进行抗体检测。同时,根据73个种猪场的详细地址,描绘猪场的空间分布图,并对其开展问卷调查,对问卷中涉及的风险因素进行单因素分析,筛选出P0.2的变量,将其导入多因素Logistic回归模型,用倒推法选择变量,进行回归分析。结果发现:江西省种猪群PR的群流行率为28.63%(95%CI:18.26%~38.99%),个体流行率为9.37%(95%CI:8.98%~9.77%);PR阳性猪场多分布于江西省中部的上饶、抚州、鹰潭、宜春等县市;与PR感染相关的2个风险因素是场区周围3 km范围内是否有其他猪场(OR=4.766,P=0.020)和养殖场主是否愿意开展PR净化(OR=0.054,P=0.014)。依据研究结果,建议加强对养殖场主的培训与宣传,使其认识到PR净化的重要性,并掌握PR防控与净化的专业技术。     

碳水化合物种类和水平对大黄鱼生长性能、血清生化指标、肝脏糖代谢相关酶活性及肝糖原含量的影响

本试验旨在研究碳水化合物种类和水平对大黄鱼生长性能、全鱼和肌肉常规成分、血清生化指标、肝脏糖代谢相关酶活性及肝糖原含量的影响。采用2×3双因素试验设计,选取葡萄糖和小麦淀粉2种碳水化合物,分别设0、15%、30%3个碳水化合物水平,共配制5种等氮等脂试验饲料。每种饲料饲喂3个重复,每个重复放养初始体重为(8.53±0.07)g的大黄鱼50尾,养殖试验持续8周。结果表明:饲料碳水化合物种类和水平及其交互作用对大黄鱼的终末体重、增重率(WGR)、特定生长率(SGR)、饲料系数(FCR)有显著影响(P0.05)。饲料葡萄糖水平由0增加到30%时,大黄鱼的终末体重、WGR和SGR显著降低(P0.05);饲料小麦淀粉水平由0增加到15%时,大黄鱼的终末体重、WGR和SGR显著升高(P0.05),饲料小麦淀粉水平由15%增加到30%时,大黄鱼的终末体重、WGR和SGR显著降低(P0.05)。FCR随饲料葡萄糖水平的升高显著升高(P0.05);FCR在饲料小麦淀粉水平由0增加到15%时显著降低(P0.05),由15%增加到30%时显著升高(P0.05)。15%或30%水平下,小麦淀粉组大黄鱼的终末体重、WGR和SGR均显著高于葡萄糖组(P0.05),饲料系数显著低于葡萄糖组(P0.05)。饲料碳水化合物种类和水平的交互作用对大黄鱼血清总蛋白(TP)、总胆固醇(TC)、甘油三酯(TG)、葡萄糖含量有显著影响(P0.05)。血清葡萄糖含量随饲料葡萄糖的水平升高先降低后升高,各组间差异显著(P0.05);血清葡萄糖含量随饲料小麦淀粉水平的升高逐渐降低,且30%小麦淀粉组显著低于0小麦淀粉组(P0.05)。饲料碳水化合物种类和水平的交互作用对大黄鱼肝脏葡萄糖激酶(GK)、6-磷酸果糖激酶(PFK)、葡萄糖-6-磷酸酶(G6Pase)活性及肝糖原含量有显著影响(P0.05)。肝糖原含量随饲料葡萄糖的水平升高持续升高,而随饲料小麦淀粉水平的升高先升高后降低,且15%和30%水平下葡萄糖组均显著高于小麦淀粉组(P0.05)。由此得出,与葡萄糖相比,摄食含小麦淀粉饲料的大黄鱼能够通过调节糖代谢相关酶活性及肝糖原含量来维持血糖浓度的相对恒定,且饲料中添加15%小麦淀粉时能促进大黄鱼生长。     

单兵装备在植物检疫工作中的应用探索

当前,在我国进境植物检疫现场查验工作中,配备的工具装备还不够统一规范,难以满足复杂环境下的使用需求,容易对查验工作效能以及执法形象造成影响,开发一套适合现场查验的单兵装备十分必要。本文对太仓口岸检疫人员研发的植物检疫单兵装备进行了介绍。实践表明,该套装备有效提升了现场查验工作效率和执法形象,推进了现场执法的规范化。     

四平市雾霾大气颗粒物污染特征和来源分析

[目的]研究四平市雾霾天气发生时大气颗粒物污染特征。[方法]于2016年3月1日—4月20日对四平市大气颗粒物PM2.5、PM10和气体污染物进行采样,分析采样期间3次污染事件发生时大气颗粒物粒径分布特征,比较颗粒物与相关气体污染物的相关性,并对其来源进行分析。[结果]在3次污染事件中,PM10的平均浓度为339.9μg/m3,是采样期间的3.0倍,是空气质量标准(GB 3095—2012)的2.0倍;在污染事件1(3月28日)和2(3月31日)发生时,PM2.5浓度也相应升高,分别是空气质量标准(GB 3095—2012)的1.2倍和1.4倍。污染事件1和污染事件2中,在粒径0.56~1.00μm时颗粒物质量浓度出现峰值,而污染事件3(4月8日)并无相应的峰值出现。[结论]该研究为四平市大气污染防治提供理论依据。