复方新诺明对南美白对虾、梭鱼和三疣梭子蟹的毒性效应

[目的]探讨复方新诺明对3种水生动物的毒性效应。[方法]用复方新诺明分别对南美白对虾仔虾、梭鱼苗和三疣梭子蟹稚蟹进行室内急性毒性试验,设置空白对照组和3个平行组,统计复方新诺明对3种水生动物24、48、72和96 h的死亡个数、半致死浓度（LC50）、95%可信限和安全浓度。[结果]复方新诺明对南美白对虾、梭鱼和三疣梭子蟹的24 h的半致死浓度分别为1 143.32、1 320.57和915.17 mg/L,48 h的LC50分别为962.36、1 119.60和623.27 mg/L,72 h的LC50分别为844.63、977.54和514.34 mg/L,96 h的LC50分别为793.36、880.63和442.30 mg/L。复方新诺明对以上3种水生动物的安全浓度分别为204.58、248.15和86.73 mg/L。3种水生动物对复方新诺明敏感性依次为三疣梭子蟹稚蟹〉南美白对虾仔虾〉梭鱼苗。[结论]该研究为3种水产动物的规模养殖和鱼病防治提供合理用药依据。     

浒苔多糖降血脂活性的研究

用热水浸提法提取浒苔多糖(EP),以不同剂量的EP对高脂喂养小鼠灌胃4周,考察其血脂相关指标。结果显示:EP能有效地降低高血脂症小鼠血清中总胆固醇(TCHO)、甘油三酯(TG)的含量,提高高密度脂蛋白胆固醇(HDL-C)的含量,但对低密度脂蛋白胆固醇(LDL-C)含量的降低作用不显著。     

哈密马奶酒中7株乳酸菌分离株发酵性能研究

从新疆哈密采集的马奶酒中分离乳酸菌株并对其进行产酸性能、后酸化性能研究,以及模拟人体胃肠道环境,对其进行耐酸及耐胆盐性能的研究.4份马奶酒样品中共分离筛选出7株乳酸菌株,四种性能测定中,菌株M3.2发酵8h后滴定酸度比发酵前相比增加了52.T,凝乳84 h后的滴定酸度与刚凝乳时相比增加了10.T,能够耐受0.2％胆盐环境及pH2.5环境,可作为乳品发酵剂的备选菌株.     

热激处理对番茄幼苗抗冷性的影响

试验以"月光"番茄为试材,研究了热激处理对番茄幼苗抗冷性的影响。结果表明,番茄幼苗经过44℃、2h的热激处理后其抗冷性明显增加。热激处理提高了番茄幼苗叶片内的可溶性蛋白质含量,使幼苗在经低温伤害后其可溶性蛋白质含量仍保持一个较高的水平。经过热激处理的幼苗在经受低温伤害时其相对电导率和丙二醛含量显著低于对照。     

道德失范现象的制度因素及对策研究

道德和谐是建设社会主义和谐社会的根本要求.当前,社会生活中的道德失范现象严重制约了和谐社会建设进程.道德失范现象直接根源于利益分配中的制度性不公:一是直接的行为奖惩制度缺失;二是相关利益分配制度的不合理.道德是建立在一定利益基础之上的,其核心本质是利益的公正分配.因此,构建"德得恶失"的利益激励制度,完善公平的利益分配制度,是改善道德失范现象、推进和谐社会建设的根本.     

Antihyperglycemic Effects of <Emphasis Type="Italic">Platycodon grandiflorum</Emphasis> (Jacq.) A. DC. Extract on Streptozotocin-induced Diabetic Mice

The root of Platycodon grandiflorum (Jacq.) A. DC has been reported to have a wide range of health benefits in oriental food. This study examined the hypoglycemic effects of Platycodon grandiflorum (Jacq.) A. DC aqueous-ethanol extract (PGE) in streptozotocin (STZ) -induced diabetic ICR mice (STZ diabetic mice) for the first time. The effects of PGE on blood glucose, plasma insulin levels and body weight were investigated. A significant decrease in blood glucose levels was observed after single administration of PGE. Furthermore, Glibenclamide and PGE significantly suppressed the rise in blood glucose after 30 min in the acute glucose tolerance test. Treatment with glibenclamide and PGE resulted in a reduction in blood glucose levels from the 2nd week, and this reduction was maintained until the 4th week of treatment. The body weight changed slightly in glibenclamide and PGE treated mice in comparison with the STZ control group. Plasma insulin levels were increased with glibenclamide treatment in STZ diabetic mice, whereas such effect was not observed with PGE. These results indicated that PGE could induce hypoglycemic effects without stimulating insulin secretion.     

生物絮团养殖模式下益生菌添加对异育银鲫生长、消化酶活性及肠道组织结构的影响

前期研究表明,生物絮团技术(biofloc technology,BFT)适于异育银鲫(Carassius auratus gibelio)养殖。为进一步优化BFT养殖模式,本研究设置3个实验组:BFT模式下EM菌添加组(BB组)、枯草芽孢杆菌(Bacillus subtilis)添加组(BI组)和BFT对照组(B组),以均体重(1.60±0.50)g的异育银鲫为研究对象,探讨BFT模式下外源添加益生菌对养殖动物生长、消化酶活性及肠道组织结构的影响。结果表明:(1)益生菌添加组异育银鲫增重率和特定生长率显著高于对照组(P0.05),BB和BI组的增重率分别提高了216.70%和184.04%,特定生长率分别提高了141.18%和125.49%,BB和BI组间差异不显著(P0.05);(2)益生菌添加组(BB组和BI组)的消化酶(淀粉酶、脂肪酶和胃蛋白酶)活性均显著高于对照组(B组)(P0.05)。益生菌添加组间,BB组淀粉酶活性显著高于BI组(P0.05),脂肪酶和胃蛋白酶活性亦高于BI组,但差异不显著(P0.05);(3)益生菌添加组肠道肌层厚度和黏膜下层厚度显著高于对照组(B组)(P0.05),BB组异育银鲫肠道黏膜皱襞高度和皱襞间质宽度与BI和对照组相比,均无显著差异(P0.05)。研究表明,BFT养殖模式下外源添加益生菌可以更好地促进异育银鲫生长。     

Effects of dietary protein to carbohydrate ratios on growth and body composition of juvenile yellow catfish, Pelteobagrus fulvidraco (Siluriformes, Bagridae, Pelteobagrus)

The present experiment was conducted to investigate the effects of dietary protein to carbohydrate ratios on growth and body composition of juvenile yellow catfish, Pelteobagrus fulvidraco . Nine diets were formulated to contain three protein levels (30%, 36% and 42%), each with three carbohydrate levels (24%, 30% and 36%). Each diet was randomly assigned to triplicate groups of 20 fish (initial mean body weight: 8.24±0.20 g) in indoor flow – through fibreglass tanks. The experiment continued for 8 weeks. Weight gain and specific growth rate were similar for the fish fed the 36% and 42% protein diets but higher than that fed the 30% protein diet. At the 36% protein level, carbohydrate contents varying from 24% to 36% ( P / E ratio of 24.0–28.2 mg protein kJ⁻¹) had no significant effects on growth performance and feed utilization ( P >0.05). Protein efficiency ratio tended to increase with dietary carbohydrate level at the same protein level. Dietary treatments significantly influenced body composition ( P <0.05), but not the condition factor, viscerosomatic index, hepatosomatic index and intraperitoneal fat ratio ( P >0.05). Based on these observations, 36% protein and 24–36% carbohydrate with the P / E ratio of 24.0–28.2 mg protein kJ⁻¹ seemed suitable for optimal growth and feed utilization, and carbohydrate could cause protein-sparing effect in diets for juvenile yellow catfish.     

基于GIS的可视化配电网线损研究

论述了国内外的线损研究工作和电力GIS的发展、应用现状及技术,对目前多种理论线损计算方法进行了分析,针对农村电网传统线损管理系统的不足和农业电力部门的迫切需要,基于GIS技术实现线损管理功能的思路、技术方法及其总体结构、数据模型和线损计算等展开了深入研究和探讨,并进行了具体实践研究。     

射流式马铃薯输送泵性能试验

为了研究射流式马铃薯输送泵的性能,该文根据马铃薯输送的特点设计了一台射流式马铃薯输送泵,通过试验的方法对流量比、面积比和输送高度3个因素对输送性能的影响进行了研究,并分析了不同工况对马铃薯损伤的影响。研究结果表明:马铃薯的最高输送能力达1 667.46 kg/h;在相同的输送高度和面积比下,输送能力和泵水功率随着流量比的增加而增加;在相同的被吸流体流量和扬程下,输送能力随着面积比升高而降低;在相同的面积比和工作流体流量下,输送能力随着输送高度的升高而降低,而输送单位质量马铃薯的能耗随之升高;在大部分工况中,马铃薯在输送过程中没有损伤;但是在少数流量比较低的工况中,由于回流的作用,马铃薯可能与喷嘴或者泵内壁面碰撞而导致损伤;综合考虑输送能力和马铃薯损伤,在试验所涉及的工况中,射流式马铃薯输送泵面积比1.75,流量比0.49,输送高度1.40 m为输送马铃薯的最优工况。