木聚糖酶对肉仔鸡后肠道微生物的影响

主要研究了小麦基础口粮添加木聚糖酶对肉仔鸡后肠道微生物的影响.将120只7日龄肉仔鸡分成2组,日粮分别添加0,0.1%木聚糖酶,饲喂至21日龄,研究木聚糖酶对肉仔鸡后肠道菌群数量变化的影响.结果表明,加酶未使同肠和盲肠乳酸杆菌、双歧杆菌和大肠杆菌数量发生显著变化.利用变性梯度凝胶电泳技术研究了木聚糖酶对肉仔鸡后肠细菌群体的影响.结果表明,加酶组回肠和盲肠的图谱比对照组条带相对较多,但差异不显著;组内个体间的图谱相似性比组问的相似性相对较大.木聚糖酶影响肉仔鸡后肠微生物数量和种群的作用效果不明显.     

Low levels of haptoglobin and putative amino acid sequence in Taiwanese Lanyu miniature pigs

Porcine haptoglobin (Hp) is an acute phase protein. Its plasma level increases significantly during inflammation and infection. One of the main functions of Hp is to bind free hemoglobin (Hb) and inhibit its oxidative activity. In the present report, we studied the Hp phenotype of Taiwanese Lanyu miniature pigs (TLY minipigs; n=43) and found their Hp structure to be a homodimer (beta-alpha-alpha-beta) similar to human Hp 1-1. Interestingly, Western blot and high performance liquid chromatographic (HPLC) analysis showed that 25% of the TLY minipigs possessed low or no plasma Hp level (<0.05 mg/ml). The Hp cDNA of these TLY minipigs was then cloned, and the translated amino acid sequence was analyzed. No sequences were found to be deficient; they showed a 99.7% identity with domestic pigs (NP_999165). The mean overall Hp level of the TLY minipigs (0.21 +/- 0.25 mg/ml; n=43) determined by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) was markedly lower than that of domestic pigs (0.78 +/- 0.45 mg/ml; p<0.001), while 25% of the TLY minipigs had an Hp level that was extremely low (<0.05 mg/ml). In addition, the initial recovery rate (first 40 min) in the circulation of infused fluorescein isothiocyanate (FITC)-Hb was significantly higher in the TLY minipigs with extremely low Hp levels than those with high levels. This data suggests that the low concentration of Hp-Hb complex is responsible for the higher recovery rate of Hb in the circulation. TLY minipigs have been used as an experimental model for cardiovascular diseases; whether they can be used as a model for inflammatory diseases, with Hp as a marker, remains a topic of interest. However, since the Hp level varies significantly among individual TLY minipigs, it is necessary to prescreen the Hp levels of the animals to minimize variation in the experimental baseline. The present study may provide a reference value for future use of the TLY minipig as an animal model for inflammation-associated diseases.     

顺应养殖结构转变调整饲料产销策略

近几年来,规模养猪发展迅速,而生猪配合饲料产销量逐年下降,两者呈反向的态势.笔者结合生猪饲料市场调研,对开拓生猪配合饲料市场,加快饲料企业与养殖企业产销对接作一探讨.     

沙棘黄酮枇肉鸡生长性能和内分泌的影响

选择1日龄健康AA肉仔鸡360只,采用单因子试验设计,随机分为3个处理组,每组4个重复,每个重复30只,分别为基础日粮组、0．1％沙棘黄酮组、0．2％沙棘黄酮组,进行为期8N的饲养试验。试验结果表明：在肉鸡生长全期饲料中添加0．1％、0．2％沙棘黄酮对AA肉鸡的生长性能、血清生长激素、三碘甲腺原氨酸、甲状腺素、睾酮含量没有显著影响（P〉0.05）;添加0．1％沙棘黄酮对饲料中蛋白质代谢率有提高趋势（P=0.054）,可显著提高饲料中钙的代谢率、21日龄的血清胰岛素、42日龄的血清胰高血糖素和胰岛素样生长因子-Ⅰ（P〈0.05）。     

家蚕嗅觉相关蛋白质的研究进展

昆虫对气味物质的识别是一个非常复杂的连锁反应过程,气味分子首先被嗅觉感器淋巴液中的气味结合蛋白或化学感受蛋白所结合,然后运转到位于嗅觉神经元末梢膜上的气味受体并将其激活,最后引起嗅觉神经兴奋,并传入中枢神经而被感知。家蚕成虫的嗅觉十分灵敏,长期以来一直作为研究昆虫化学通讯的理想模型。近年来,随着家蚕分子生物学研究的不断深入,在家蚕中已发现了7种气味结合蛋白、多种化学感受蛋白和气味受体蛋白,这些蛋白质因子对于家蚕识别气味分子起着关键作用,但多数蛋白因子的具体生理功能仍不清楚。以家蚕方面的研究为重点,综述了与嗅觉相关的蛋白质的生化特性、分子结构、基因表达及其生理功能等方面的研究进展。     

色氨酸对产肠毒素大肠杆菌感染SD大鼠肠道的防御作用

旨在研究色氨酸对产肠毒素大肠杆菌(ETEC)感染损伤SD大鼠肠道的防御作用。本试验采用2*2双因子试验设计,将40只28日龄雌性SD大鼠,体质量(68.41±0.29)g,随机分为4组:基础日粮组(B);ETEC攻毒组(E,1.0×10^8 ETEC K88);色氨酸缺乏组(I,0.1 mL/d、10 g/L依那普利)。色氨酸缺乏+ETEC攻毒组(E+I,1.0×10^8 ETEC K88+0.1 mL/d、10 g/L依那普利),每组10个重复,每个重复1只。采用H.E染色组织切片观察、酶联免疫吸附测定(ELISA)、三重聚合酶链式反应(PCR)、免疫蛋白印迹、实时荧光定量(RT-PCR)和变性梯度凝胶电泳(DGGE)法分别对SD大鼠肠道细胞因子水平、抗菌肽表达和蛋白水平、粪便中ETEC数量以及盲肠微生物区系变化进行检测。结果表明,依那普利通过抑制ACE2酶阻碍肠道色氨酸吸收,显著降低大鼠空肠和回肠黏膜绒毛高度、淋巴细胞数量和绒毛高度/隐窝深度值(P<0.05);ETEC攻毒显著降低大鼠空肠淋巴细胞数量、绒毛高度/隐窝深度值(P<0.05)和回肠绒毛高度和淋巴细胞数量(P<0.05)。ETEC攻毒使SD大鼠粪便中ETEC数量显著增高(P<0.05)。依那普利抑制剂对SD大鼠粪便中ETEC数量无显著影响(P<0.05);依那普利通过抑制ACE2酶阻碍肠道色氨酸吸收增加空肠和回肠IL-6(P<0.05)和空肠TNF-α质量浓度(P=0.059),降低空肠TGF-β质量浓度(P=0.056);ETEC攻毒使空肠IL-6和回肠IL-6、IL-8和TNF-α质量浓度显著增加(P<0.05),降低空肠TGF-β质量浓度(P=0.059)。依那普利通过抑制ACE2酶阻碍肠道色氨酸吸收显著降低大鼠空肠和回肠Defa-5、BD-2基因mRNA相对表达量(P<0.05);ETEC攻毒使空肠Defa-5、IDO基因和回肠IDO基因mRNA相对表达量显著增加(P<0.05);依那普利通过抑制ACE2酶阻碍肠道色氨酸吸收使空肠、回肠mTOR、BD-2蛋白水平显著降低(P<0.05),使空肠TLR-4蛋白水平显著增加(P<0.05)。色氨酸缺乏、ETEC攻毒降低盲肠微生物多样性,降低拟杆菌门微生物数量,色氨酸不缺乏组盲肠微生物多样性优于缺乏组。结果显示色氨酸通过维持肠道炎性细胞因子浓度稳定、促进肠道黏膜发育和提高肠道抗菌肽基因表达改善肠道微生态环境,对ETEC感染SD大鼠肠道具有防御作用。     

Screening and Identification of Laccase Fungi in Alpine Meadow北大核心CSCD

Nine strains of fungi that isolated from alpine meadow were used as research objects. The laccase-producing strains were identified by rDNA-ITS method. According to the strains, guaiacol, anthrone, catechol and neighbors were identified. Growth on selective medium of toluidine, o-toluidine, crnaphthol, benzidine, gallic acid as substrate, colony size, size of the color circle produced by laccase-catalyzed redox reaction, and the degree of color depth, the laccase-producing fungus is firstly screened, and the laccase activity is determined by the liquid-producing enzyme fermentation method using ABTS as a substrate for re-screening. The results showed that strain 1. 9 was Uncultured fungus clone. 2. la was Scytalidium, 310b was Marasmius tricolor, 2.1c was Saccharicola, 2. 3a was fungal sp, 2. 4d was Saccharicola. 10a was Marasmiusrotalis, 3. 7c was Alternaria. WB was Verticilliumlongisporum. The screening results showed that except for strain 3. 7c, the other 8 strains basically produced oxidative bands on the culture medium with guaiacol, anthrone, ortho-toluidine and benzidine as substrates, and cultured in gallic acid substrate. No oxidative bands were produced on the culture medium; strains 1. 9, 2. la, 310b, 2. 4d, 10a, 2. lc, and 2. 3a all had laccase activity, and strain 310b had stronger laccase activity than the other strains. © 2019 China Agricultural University. All rights reserved.     

生物安全三级实验室生物安全风险点的识别与控制?

BSL-3实验室须经国家生物安全认可和严格的实验活动审批才能开展相应活动,是国家(地区)开展高致病性病原微生物实验活动的重要技术支撑平台。实验室生物安全风险点易发生在样本及菌毒种的接收、传递和保存,动物实验,污水以及固体废弃物处理等环节,而实验室的意外事件(电力故障、火灾、积水等)与生物安保漏洞也会造成重大的生物安全事故。提示应准确地识别风险并通过人员日常监管、标准操作规程、两级屏障设施和个人防护装备等系列措施对生物安全风险点予以严格控制。     

猪仿生消化中小肠阶段消化酶对饲粮总能与粗蛋白质消化率的贡献

本试验旨在探讨猪仿生消化中小肠阶段主要消化酶的组成及活性对饲粮养分消化率的贡献,为仿生消化法评定猪饲粮养分的消化率提供参考。试验采用单因素完全随机设计,5个处理分别为胃模拟消化、胃+小肠(淀粉酶)模拟消化、胃+小肠(淀粉酶+糜蛋白酶)模拟消化、胃+小肠(淀粉酶+糜蛋白酶+胰蛋白酶)模拟消化、胃+小肠(淀粉酶+糜蛋白酶+胰蛋白酶+小肠消化4 h时补充消化酶)模拟消化,每个处理5个重复,每个重复1根消化管。考察各处理条件下玉米、豆粕、小麦麸及玉米-豆粕型饲粮的干物质、粗蛋白质及总能消化率的差异和各消化酶的贡献。结果表明:1)模拟小肠液中淀粉酶、糜蛋白酶均可显著提高胃消化后玉米、豆粕、小麦麸及玉米-豆粕型饲粮的干物质、粗蛋白质以及总能的消化率(P<0.05);胰蛋白酶可以进一步提高胃消化后豆粕、小麦麸的干物质、粗蛋白质以及总能消化率(P<0.05);补充3种消化酶可以提高对小麦麸粗蛋白质及玉米-豆粕型饲粮干物质、粗蛋白质及总能的消化率(P<0.05)。2)小肠液中消化酶对饲粮养分消化率的贡献上,因饲粮底物的不同而异,其中淀粉酶、糜蛋白酶对总能和粗蛋白质消化率的贡献相对较高,而胰蛋白酶和补充消化酶对饲粮养分消化率的贡献虽然相对较少,但也可以引起消化率显著性差异(P<0.05)。在猪的小肠模拟消化阶段,淀粉酶、糜蛋白酶、胰蛋白酶及补充消化酶对饲粮养分的消化程度均有显著性贡献。