微量元素钴对人工瘤胃挥发性脂肪酸产生量的影响

钴是瘤胃微生物活动不可缺少的元素,为研究日粮添加无机钴对瘤胃微生物发酵挥发性脂肪酸(VFA)产生量的影响,本试验用人工瘤胃模拟装置研究添加不同水平钴(0、0.05、0.10、0.15、0.20、0.25 mg/kg DM)对体外瘤胃微生物发酵的影响.结果表明,与不添加的对照组相比,添加钴可使发酵液的总挥发性脂肪酸(TVFA)、乙酸、丙酸、丁酸浓度明显增加(P<0.05),但对乙酸、丙酸、丁酸的摩尔比例没有显著影响(P>0.05),总的来说,添加钻明显促进瘤胃微生物对饲料养分的发酵.     

牛初乳sIgA等电点的测定

采用等电聚焦电泳法测定牛初乳sIgA的等电点。牛初乳sIgA的pI为5．02—5．67,比相关报道更加精确。回归方程：y=0．7543x＋3．1635,相关系数r=0．9989,表明线性关系良好,为牛初乳sIgA的离子交换层析制备条件的选择提供了可靠的理论依据。     

添加尿素和糖蜜对甘蔗尾打捆青贮品质的影响

试验采用单因子设计研究不同水平的尿素、糖蜜及糖蜜与尿素混合处理对甘蔗尾打捆青贮品质的影响。试验共分5组,其中1组为对照组,甘蔗尾经揉搓后直接青贮,2~5组为试验组分别添加0.6%尿素、1.0%的尿素、5%糖蜜和0.6%尿素+5%糖蜜,每个处理3个重复,青贮期90 d。试验结果表明,添加0.6%、1%的尿素及0.6%尿素+5%糖蜜均能显著提高青贮饲料的粗蛋白质含量（P<0.05）,但3个组间差异不显著（P>0.05）;单独加尿素的两组青贮料pH较对照组和其它试验组高,外观品质有所下降;添加5%的糖蜜和0.6%尿素+5%糖蜜均能显著降低青贮料的粗纤维含量,增加可溶性糖的含量,青贮料的pH及外观品质较好;综合营养成分和外观品质, 甘蔗尾用尿素与糖蜜混合处理其青贮料的品质最好。     

Irbesartan alleviates hepatic steatosis in db/db mice by inducing auto-phagy

AIM: To investigate the effect of irbesartan on the fatty liver of db/db mice and whether autophagy is involved in the process. METHODS: Male db/db mice (n=24) were randomly divided into model group and irbesartan group, and 12 db/m mice with similar age and weight were selected as normal control group. After 16 weeks of intervention respectively, the fatty liver-related parameters including body weight, liver index, blood lipid, liver function and pathological changes in the liver were observed. The protein levels of p-PI3K, p-Akt, and p-mTOR, as well as Atg-7, beclin-1 and LC3B in the liver tissues were detected by Western blot, and the autophagosomes in the liver were observed under electron microscope. RESULTS: Compared with the model group, the body weight, liver index, blood lipids, alanine and aspartate aminotransferase were decreased in irbesartan group (P<0.05). Moreover, the pathological changes in the liver were significantly ameliorated in irbesartan group than that of model group. Importantly, the protein levels of p-PI3K, p-Akt and p-mTOR were decreased with irbesartan administration, while the expression of Atg-7, beclin-1 and LC3B-Ⅱ was increased(P<0.05), which resulted in a distinct increase in autophagosomes. CONCLUSION: Irbesartan alleviates hepatic steatosis in db/db mice by inhibiting the PI3K/Akt/mTOR signaling pathway and upregulating the protein expression of Atg-7, beclin-1 and LC3B-Ⅱ, thereby inducing autophagy in hepatocytes.     

Liraglutide attenuates hyperhomocysteinemia-induced oxidative stress and inflammatory response in rat hippocampus via p38 MAPK signaling pathway

AIM: To investigate the protective effect of liraglutide (Lir), an analog of glucgon-like peptide-1 (GLP-1), on hyperhomocysteinemia (Hhcy)-induced hippocampal pathological injury and the underlying molecular mechanisms in rats. METHODS: Sprague-Dawley rats (n=40) were randomly divided into 5 groups:control (Ctrl) group, model (Hhcy) group, low-dose Lir treatment (Lir-L) group, medium-dose Lir treatment (Lir-M) group and high-dose Lir treatment (Lir-H) group. The protein levels of p-p38, p-ERK1/2, p-JNK, immunoglobulin heavy chain binding protein (BIP) and C/EBP homology protein (CHOP) were determined by Western blot and immunohistochemical staining. The activity of superoxide dismutase (SOD) and glutathione peroxidase (GSH), and the content of malondialdehyde (MDA) were measured. The expression levels of interleukin-1β (IL-1β), IL-6 and tumor necrosis factor-α (TNF-α) were examined by ELISA. RESULTS: Hhcy increased the levels of p-p38, BIP, CHOP, MDA, IL-1β, IL-6 and TNF-α,and reduced the activity of SOD and GSH, while simultaneous administration of Lir dose-dependently attenuated the Hhcy-induced oxidative stress and inflammatory responses, accompanied with the inhibition of p38 MAPK signaling pathway. CONCLUSION: Lir ameliorates Hhcy-induced oxidative stress and inflammatory injury in rat hippocampi with the mechanisms involving suppression of p38 MAPK pathway.     

植物卵形家族蛋白综述

卵形家族蛋白(OFPs)是一类植物特有的具有保守OVATE结构域的转录因子,其首先发现于番茄中,与果实形状有关。OFPs广泛分布于植物界,其调节植物生长和发育的功能,包括果实形状的改变、胚囊和花粉发育以及次级细胞壁的合成等。近年来,主要集中在拟南芥AtOFP1的研究上。染色质免疫沉淀试验表明AtOFP1直接调控AtGA20ox1表达,其还可能通过与不同类型的转录因子(包括KNOX和BELL类)相互作用。该研究总结了OVATE基因的发现,阐明了OFPs在调节植物生长和发育中的最新进展,并分析了其可能的调控机制,以期为植物中研究OFPs生物学功能提供借鉴。     

山东省菏泽市牡丹产业化经营问题研究

为促进山东省产业结构升级,推动农村产业融合以及提高农业产业化经营效益和农业现代化水平,基于对山东省菏泽市牡丹产业化经营现状的调查研究,该研究从产业融合和拓展农业多功能角度,发现菏泽牡丹产业化经营尚处于初级阶段,并且存在生产技术整体水平不高,生产经营模式单一且分散、市场体系不完善等一系列问题,最后提出了对策建议,以期达到提高山东省菏泽市牡丹产业化经营水平和提升牡丹市场竞争力。     

宝鸡地区春甘蓝小菜蛾种群动态研究

为提高小菜蛾防治效果,采用性诱剂对宝鸡地区陈仓区、凤翔县、太白县3个监测点的春甘蓝小菜蛾幼虫和成虫的种群动态进行了调查分析,结果表明:因海拔高度不同引起的温度差异导致了小菜蛾幼虫和成虫在3个监测点的始现期、高峰期、最高峰的种群数量、发展趋势均有所不同。其中,陈仓区、凤翔县和太白县小菜蛾幼虫的始现期分别为5月24日、5月24日和5月31日;小菜蛾幼虫在陈仓区的发生量有4个高峰期,分别为5月31日、6月14日、7月5日、7月19日,在凤翔县的发生量有3个高峰期分别为5月31日、6月28日、7月19日,在太白县的发生量有3个高峰期分别为6月7日、6月21日、7月12日。陈仓区和凤翔县小菜蛾成虫的始现期为5月31日,太白县小菜蛾成虫的始现期为6月7日;小菜蛾成虫在陈仓区的发生量有3个高峰期分别为6月14日、6月28日、7月19日,在凤翔县的发生量有2个高峰期分别为6月28日、7月19日,在太白县的发生量有2个高峰期分别为6月21日、7月12日。     

山西省东南部羊舍气载真菌浓度变化及空气动力学特征

试验研究了山西省东南部羊舍气载真菌浓度变化规律和真菌气溶胶的空气动力学特征,以期为羊场的环境控制提供依据。应用Andersen-6级空气微生物采样器,以孟加拉红培养基为采样介质,于春、夏、秋、冬分别采集了山西省东南部3个羊场羊舍的真菌气溶胶,分析其气载真菌浓度和真菌气溶胶的粒径特点。结果表明,羊舍气载真菌一年中以秋季浓度最高,显著高于其他季节（P<0.05）,且秋季一天上午、中午、下午3个时间段中,浓度差异显著（P<0.05）;羊舍真菌气溶胶粒子4个季节在采样器上的分布基本相同,高峰出现在第Ⅳ级,主要分布在Ⅲ~Ⅴ级,占各级总数的72.66%~83.87%,可进入人和动物的肺泡;羊舍真菌气溶胶粒子计数中值直径（CMD）为1.3~2.9 μm,粒径分布的离散度（GSD）为1.6~2.7 μm;夏季CMD显著低于其他季节（P<0.05）。综合以上结果,羊舍气载真菌浓度与季节密切相关,80%左右气溶胶粒子可进入人和动物肺泡,且CMD小于其他动物圈舍,潜在危害较大。     

A comparison of food habits and prey preferences of Amur tiger (Panthera tigris altaica) at the southwest Primorskii Krai in Russia and Hunchun in China

A small, isolated Amur tiger population ranges across the southwest Primorskii Krai region in Russia and Hunchun region in China. Many individuals, with “dual nationality,” cross the border frequently. Formulating effective conservation strategies requires a clear understanding of tiger food requirements in both countries. While the diets of tigers ranging in Russia is clearly understood, little is known of the tigers' feeding habits in China.. We used scat analysis combined with data on the abundance of 4 prey species to examine Amur tiger diet and prey preferences in Hunchun. We examined 53 tiger scat samples from 2011 to 2016 and found that tigers preyed on 12 species (11 species in winter), 4 of which were domestic animals with 33.58% biomass contribution; this was the first record of Amur tigers eating lynx in this area. Tigers showed a strong preference for wild boar (Jacobs index: +0.849), which were also the most frequently consumed prey, and a strong avoidance of roe deer (Jacobs index: ?0.693). On the Russian side, domestic animals (just dog) were rarely found in tiger scat, and tigers did not show strong avoidance of roe deer, but of sika deer. We also found red deer footprints during winter surveys and that tigers ate red deer on the Chinese side, while there was no record of red deer feeding on the Russian side. Reducing or eliminating human disturbance, such as grazing, is essential to recovering tiger prey and habitat in this area and the Sino‐Russian joint ungulate annual survey is indispensable for prey estimates of this small, isolated Amur tiger population.