杏果输送过程中定向稳定性的试验研究-基于正交试验

杏果输送过程中定向稳定性问题的关键所在是寻找影响定向成功率的主要因素,将各影响因素经过科学的组合对比,找到最佳组合,提高水果在实际生产过程中的定向成功率。为此,利用正交试验、高速摄像仪和动应变测量系统相结合的方法确定影响杏果定向成功率的主要因素,即入口通道宽度(D)、夹持带的速度大小(V)、杏子尺寸大小(I)。通过正交对比试验,得知底部输送带采用齿皮带时比光皮带的定向效果好,最佳试验因素组合是D=30mm、V=1.29m/s、I=34~35mm。利用高速摄像观测统计发现:杏果大部分在定向通道的第3区域达到定向稳定。考虑夹持片对输送带振动影响的情况下,统计出杏子的定向稳定区域主要集中于输送通道的第3区域,为杏子切刀的位置选择提供了依据。     

Isolation and Identification of BPIV3 Genotype C

To identify the infection agents from Ningxia Hui Autonomous region, where feedlot cattle indicated bovine respiratory disease complex (BRDC), the M gene of the bovine parainfluenza virus type 3 was amplified by RT-PCR.The PCR product was ligated to pMD18-T vector and cloned to E.coli DH5α.The positive clones were sequenced and compared with the reference strains in GenBank by the molecular biology software.Sequence alignment results showed that a BPIV3 strain was isolated from the samples and named NX49, the M gene of NX49 included 1 056 nucleotides.Evolutionary analysis showed that the NX49 belonged to BPIV3 C genotype and shared 99.4% nucleotide identity with that of the SD0835 isolated in Shandong province.The characterization of the NX49 demonstrated that it was sensitive to temperature, acid and organic matter.The presence of Mg²⁺ showed no protection against the treatment at high temperature.The HA test suggested that the NX49 enables to agglutinate the guinea pig RBC at 4 ℃ and the titer was 1∶4.The study isolated a BPIV3 genotype C strain successfully, which facilitate the study of molecular evolution and epidemiology of BPIV3 in China.     

Isolation and Identification of Pathogenic Bacteria Causing Dairy Cow Mastitis in Liaoning and Drug Sensibility Test of Pathogenic E.coli

In order to understand the main bacterial pathogen species causing dairy cow mastitis in Liaoning, as well as the characteristics of drug sensitivity of the pathogenic E.coli,the milk samples from 75 dairy cows with clinical manifestations for mastitis in certain large-scale dairy farm in Liaoning were collected.The bacteria in milk were cultured and isolated with biochemical methods and in vitro drug sensitivity tests were processed with the isolated E.coli strains.The results showed that the main bacterial pathogen for dairy cow mastitis were E.coli（separation rate 58.7%),S.aureus（64.0%）and S.agalactiae（54.7%),and multiple infection including double and triple infection were identified.The drug sensitivity tests on the isolated E.coli indicated that the E.coli isolates were highly resistant to sulfonamides（resistance rate>85%）and chloramphenicol（resistance rate>30%),and they were relatively low resistant to ampicillin（9.5%),ciprofloxacin（9.5%),ceftiofur（7.1%）and ofloxacin（4.8%).The results was able to provide reliable theoretical basis for prevention and control of dairy cow mastitis in Liaoning area.     

有机培肥对贺兰山东麓酿酒葡萄及土壤化学性质的影响

针对宁夏贺兰山东麓酿酒葡萄产区土壤瘠薄、肥料利用率低等问题,以4年生"蛇龙珠"为研究对象,分别设计了常规施肥、施羊粪有机肥、施酵素菌有机肥、施酵素菌有机-无机复混肥、施电解锰渣复混肥5个处理,探讨有机培肥对酿酒葡萄生长发育、产量、品质以及土壤化学性质的影响。结果表明:与常规施肥相比,羊粪有机肥显著降低了土壤pH和全盐,同时提高了土壤有机质、碱解氮、有效磷、速效钾的含量,土壤培肥效果较好;酵素菌有机-无机复混肥比单施化肥或酵素菌肥更有利于提高酿酒葡萄的品质及产量;电解锰渣复混肥促进植株光合作用,增加干物质积累量。综合分析,酵素菌有机无机复混肥更适合贺兰山东麓酿酒葡萄的优质高效生产。     

中微量元素在贺兰山东麓酿酒葡萄上的应用效果

针对贺兰山东麓酿酒葡萄风沙土产区中微量营养元素相对缺乏,空间变异较大等限制产业高效发展的关键问题,以4年生"蛇龙珠"葡萄为试材,通过设置滴灌施肥试验,研究了中微量营养元素钙(Ca)、镁(Mg)、铁(Fe)、锰(Mn)、铜(Cu)、锌(Zn)、硼(B)元素对酿酒葡萄生长及品质的影响。结果表明:增施中量元素Mg能有效提高葡萄叶片和叶柄中的全磷含量进而提高葡萄单粒重及产量,同时能提高果实单宁及总酚含量;增施微量元素Fe有利于促进叶片的生长发育,提高叶片净光合速率并促进干物量积累,增加可溶性糖含量;增施B元素则能有效提高叶片和叶柄的全钾及果实中花色苷含量。综合分析,增施Fe、Ca元素能促进葡萄的生长,增施B、Mg元素能提高酿酒葡萄果实品质,增施Ca、Mg元素能更好的提高酿酒葡萄产量。     

氮肥施用量对酿酒葡萄初果期生长及产量品质的影响

以贺兰山东麓3年生酿酒葡萄"赤霞珠"为试材,通过小区试验设置6个氮肥施用量梯度,即纯氮施用量0、120、240、360、480、600kg·hm~(-2),研究了氮肥施用量对酿酒葡萄初果期生长以及产量品质的影响。结果表明:氮肥能显著促进株高、新梢、副梢发生数的增加,纯氮施用量480kg·hm-2时酿酒葡萄叶片SPAD值为43.11,并且水分有效利用率达到最高,为3.14μmol·mmol~(-1)。肥效方程得出最高产量纯氮施用量为398.75kg·hm~(-2),纯氮施用量超过480kg·hm-2后产量增幅和葡萄果实糖酸比同比下降。纯氮施用量360kg·hm~(-2)能显著提高可溶性糖、总酚、花色苷含量,改善品质。     

光源、性别及光处理时间对草地贪夜蛾趋光行为的影响

为研发高效、精准的监测防控设备,利用八臂行为选择装置系统测定不同光源、性别和光处理时间下草地贪夜蛾Spodoptera frugiperda的趋光行为。结果显示,在紫外光（波长365 nm）、紫光（波长420～430 nm）、蓝光（波长465～475 nm）、绿光（波长525～535 nm）、黄光（波长585～595 nm）和红光（波长655～665 nm）6种波长光源下,草地贪夜蛾混合种群（雌雄成虫比为1∶1）对紫外光光源的趋光选择率最高,为25.61%,显著高于其他处理,其次为紫光和蓝光光源,趋光选择率分别为16.30%和8.82%,对红光的趋光选择率最低,为4.76%。在紫外光刺激下,草地贪夜蛾雌成虫的趋光选择率显著高于混合种群（雌雄成虫比为1∶1）,在红光刺激下,雄成虫的趋光选择率显著高于雌成虫。另外,在紫外光刺激下,光处理时间60 min草地贪夜蛾雌成虫的趋光选择率显著高于其他处理。表明光源与性别因素均影响草地贪夜蛾的趋光行为,光处理时间对草地贪夜蛾的趋光行为影响较小,且与光源及性别因素有关。     

覆盖方式对旱地小麦花后旗叶抗氧化生理及粒重形成的影响

于2017—2018年和2018—2019年,在西北中部旱作雨养农业区以冬小麦‘康庄974’为试验材料,设秸秆带状覆盖(SM)、地膜覆盖(PM)和无覆盖对照(CK)共3个栽培处理,分析不同覆盖方式对小麦灌浆期土壤水分和温度及抗氧化能力的影响,探讨花后干物质积累量和粒重形成的关系。结果表明,随生育期推进,花后旗叶相对含水量(RWC)逐渐降低,丙二醛(MDA)含量逐渐升高,且PM较SM降、升幅度明显。与CK相比,覆盖显著提高花后旗叶抗氧化酶活性,增加渗透调节物质含量;开花时间越长,SM抗氧化酶活性升高的幅度越大,而PM主要提高花后7 d旗叶抗氧化能力。SM和PM的粒重分别较CK增加14.3%和19.1%(P<0.05)。相关分析表明,土壤水分(SW)是影响旗叶生理活性的关键因子,提高SW,有利于增加RWC(r=0.84^**),从而提高旗叶抗氧化能力,其中RWC和抗坏血酸酶(ASA)活性呈极显著正相关关系(r=0.82^**);ASA活性和脯氨酸(Pro)含量呈极显著正相关关系(r=0.94^**),和MDA含量呈极显著负相...