设施栽培条件下月季灰霉病预测模型的建立及应用

为有效防治月季灰霉病发生,保障切花产品采后品质,以‘粉蝴蝶’(‘Vuvuzela’)和‘雪山’(‘Avalanche’)为试验材料,实地调查设施内灰霉病发病情况,监测温室内温湿度,获取当地降雨量等气象资料,构建了月季切花设施生产灰霉病预测模型,并利用这一模型进行灰霉病防治的实际指导。结果表明：1)‘粉蝴蝶’‘雪山’的灰霉病病情指数与设施内的均温和均湿呈线性相关,据此建立灰霉病预测模型,Y=4.761-0.332X₁+4.930X₂+0.015X₃;这一预测模型经设施内实测验证,平均绝对误差(MAE)=0.20,平均绝对百分误差(MAPE)=0.31,表明可有效预测7日内设施条件下月季切花灰霉病发病情况。2)‘粉蝴蝶’‘雪山’在贮藏和瓶插期的灰霉病发病率与栽培中病情指数预测值呈正相关。当病情指数为Y=0.33的低预测值时,切花产品在模拟运输1 d+冷库贮藏5 d后,发病率为5.0%;当病情指数为Y=2.09的高预测值时,切花产品在相同处理后发病率可达35.0%。3)基于预测模型进行病害爆发前3 d喷药的早期防治处理,采收当...     

Rapid seedlings regeneration from seeds and vegetative propagation with sucker and rhizome of Eremospatha macrocarpa (Mann & Wendl.) Wendl and Laccosperma secundiflorum (P. Beauv.) Kuntze

To develop efficient seedling production methods for Laccosperma secundiflorum and Eremospatha macrocarpa, a study was conducted to examine regeneration using offsets combined with several physical and chemical treatments of seeds. Offsets categorized into small, medium and large diameters, were planted in three conditions: shaded and open nursery, and greenhouse. We tested sucker from E. macrocarpa, and sucker and rhizome from L. secundiflorum. For both species, high viability percentage (ranging from 55% to 100%) were observed for small and medium suckers planted in shaded nursery and greenhouse, against less than 49% for sucker planted in open nursery. The mean seedling emergence times were estimated to 84, 77 and 75 days after planting (DAP) for small, medium and large sucker of L. secundiflorum, respectively under open nursery condition, and 76, 75, 95 DAP for small, medium and large suckers of the same species, respectively in shaded condition. Greenhouse has a significant positive effect on E. macrocarpa seedlings emergence time. For this species, the mean seedling emergence times were estimated to 43 DAP for small sucker and 76, 93 DAP for medium and large suckers. No seedling was obtained from rhizome planted in all the growing conditions tested. Concerning seed dormancy breaking, germination percentages and rates were determined for 13 treatments. The best treatments were pre-soaking unscarified seeds for 4 days in 1.01 g l⁻¹ and 0.10 g l⁻¹ KNO₃, with 79% and 68% of germination, respectively and in 3.46 × 10⁻³ g l⁻¹ GA₃ for 68% of germination. These methods are suggested to improve germination of L. secundiflorum seeds. Successful and recommended methods for E. macrocarpa are pre-soaking scarified seeds in 3.46 × 10⁻³ g l⁻¹ and 3.46 × 10⁻⁴ g l⁻¹ GA₃, 96% and 94% of germination, respectively. Dormancy, probably a combination of mechanical and chemical dormancy, is present in the two species.     

不同基质及生根剂浓度对五种园林植物扦插生根的影响

以5种园林植物为材料,进行不同基质与不同生根剂浓度对植物扦插生根的比较研究.结果表明:月季、大叶黄杨最适宜的基质是河沙,小叶女贞、八角金盘最适宜的基质是珍珠岩,鹅掌柴最适宜的基质是混合基质.月季、大叶黄杨最合适的生根剂浓度为3 000 mg/kg,小叶女贞最合适的生根剂浓度为5000mg/kg,八角金盘、鹅掌柴最合适的生根剂浓度为1000mg/kg.     

水培番茄、黄瓜营养液管理专家系统的构建

针对无土栽培的技术核心——营养液管理，构建了水培番茄、黄瓜的营养液管理专家系统，以促进无土栽培技术在中国大面积的推广和应用。该文详细介绍了该专家系统的设计目标、结构和功能设计的过程以及知识库的构成；构建了番茄、黄瓜在不同生育期对氮、磷、钾、钙等大量元素的吸收模型，组成动态模型库；优化了番茄、黄瓜在逆境(高温、低温、寡照等)生长条件下对营养液的管理。在大量搜集水培知识和营养液管理数据的基础上，基本实现了对水培番茄、黄瓜不同生育期的营养液浓度(EC)，酸碱度(pH)，氮(N)、磷(P)、钾(K)、钙(Ca)等营养元素浓度，以及营养液温度、溶解氧浓度的管理和决策。     

国麦1号播期播量对群体发育及产量的影响

2002-2003年度在大田高产栽培条件下安排了国麦1号播期、播量裂区试验,对其群体结构指标、幼穗发育、产量与产量构成因素进行了观察和测定分析。结果表明,在本年度生态条件下,国麦1号的幼穗发育进程略晚于豫麦49。不同播期对产量、穗数、穗粒数影响不大,对千粒重影响明显,处理间差异达到显著水平;不同播量对产量、穗数影响均达到显著水平,对穗粒数的影响达到极显著水平。在河南省中部地区种植,可掌握在10月6日左右播种,基本苗控制在150万/hm2左右。     

Effects of freeze-thaw cycles and initial soil moisture content on soil aggregate stability in natural grassland and Chinese pine forest on the Loess Plateau of China

Journal of Soils and Sediments - Ongoing global warming is decreasing the thickness of snow covers and increasing initial soil moisture content (SMC), which increase the number of freeze-thaw...     

多尺度行政区平衡视角下耕地空间布局优化

优化耕地空间布局对提升耕地生产能力、促进农业可持续发展具有重要意义。该研究以广东封开县为例,基于“现状耕地调出-可恢复地类调入”的微观调整逻辑,综合运用空间叠加、综合评价及蚁群优化算法,构建了耕地空间布局调整模型,以调入调出数量平衡为约束条件实现了不同行政区尺度下的耕地布局优化。结果表明：1）研究区共调出耕地1 689.89 hm²,占耕地总面积的7.62%,整体上呈现出“全局零散、局部聚集”的分布特征。2）研究区可恢复地类农业生产适宜性均值为67.04,具有开展作物种植的良好禀赋条件。3）不同行政区尺度平衡情景下,调入结果在研究区北部空间差异显著,与镇内平衡情景相比,县内平衡情景下,调入耕地的农业生产适宜性均值提高了2.08,综合生态系统服务均值下降了0.67。4）两种情景下,耕地的连片性、质量及稳定性均得到提升,因不受调入规模和行政单元空间范围限制,县内平衡情景下的提升效果更加明显,适当扩大可恢复地类筛选范围有利于提升整体耕地质量并降低重要生态用地筛选概率。该研究构建的耕地空间布局调整模型具有良好的适用性,可为制定农用地布局优化与整治提升方案提供参考依据。     

Ulva (Enteromorpha) Polysaccharides and Oligosaccharides: A Potential Functional Food Source from Green-Tide-Forming Macroalgae

The high-valued utilization of Ulva (previously known as Enteromorpha) bioresources has drawn increasing attention due to the periodic blooms of world-wide green tide. The polysaccharide is the main functional component of Ulva and exhibits various physiological activities. The Ulva oligosaccharide as the degradation product of polysaccharide not only possesses some obvious activities, but also possesses excellent solubility and bioavailability. Both Ulva polysaccharides and oligosaccharides hold promising potential in the food industry as new functional foods or food additives. Studies on Ulva polysaccharides and oligosaccharides are increasing and have been the focus of the marine bioresources field. However, the comprehensive review of this topic is still rare and do not cover the recent advances of the structure, isolation, preparation, activity and applications of Ulva polysaccharides and oligosaccharides. This review systematically summarizes and discusses the recent advances of chemical composition, extraction, purification, structure, and activity of Ulva polysaccharides as well as oligosaccharides. In addition, the potential applications as new functional food and food additives have also been considered, and these will definitely expand the applications of Ulva oligosaccharides in the food and medical fields.     

环介导恒温扩增（LAMP）——检测沙门氏菌

建立一种能够快速准确地检测沙门氏菌的LAMP方法。根据沙门氏菌invA基因设计了引物,然后进行LAMP反应条件的优化、特异性试验,通过LAMP与PCR灵敏度的试验与实际样品进行检出率的比较。LAMP方法特异性好,最佳反应温度为63℃,只对沙门氏菌进行扩增;沙门氏菌的检测灵敏度为7～8cfu／mL。LAMP方法检测沙门氏菌特异性强、灵敏度高、时间短且操作简便,有望成为快速检测沙门氏菌的新方法。