基于非线性势函数法的手写体数字识别

提出了基于非线性势函数的一种几何分类方法,设计了利用电势理论来改造决策面判别函数和利用非线性势函数对手写数字进行分类的算法。以该算法为核心构造的分类器可改善针对不同人写字习惯的分类效果。用VC 实现了该算法,结果表明该算法能减小分类时的错误率,对手写体数字的识别有较好的效果,识别率能达到97%。     

云南省荞麦叶枯病病原菌鉴定及其生物学特性

为明确云南省荞麦叶枯病病原菌种类,采用常规组织分离法获得病原菌菌株LW2015.3,通过形态学特征及分子生物学技术对菌株LW2015.3进行鉴定,并研究其生物学特性。结果表明,荞麦叶枯病病原菌的分生孢子呈倒棍棒状或倒梨状,褐色,具3～8个横隔膜,0～4个纵斜隔膜,大小为16.5～45.0μm×5.0～13.5μm,厚垣孢子呈球形,直径为6.0～12.0μm;该菌株ITS序列系统发育进化分析结果表明,菌株LW2015.3与链格孢Alternaria alternata(登录号:MG195995.1)的同源性为100%,结合形态学特征与分子鉴定结果确定云南省荞麦叶枯病病原菌为链格孢A. alternata(登录号:KT362732.1)。该病原菌菌丝生长适宜温度为20～30℃,25℃为最适温度;当p H为6～9时菌丝生长速率加快,pH 7最适菌丝生长;PDA培养基和PSA培养基最适菌丝生长;该病原菌对以麦芽糖为碳源和以硝酸钠为氮源时的利用率最高;菌丝的致死温度为50℃,10 min;不同光照条件对菌丝生长的影响有显著差异,连续光照最有利于菌丝生长。     

Non-specific immunity parameters and the formation of advanced glycosylation end-products (AGE) in rainbow trout, Oncorhynchus mykiss (Walbaum), fed high levels of dietary carbohydrates

The effects of long-term hyperglycaemia (5 months), through feeding high levels of dietary carbohydrates, on the non-specific immunity parameters of rainbow trout, Oncorhynchus mykiss (Walbaum), was assessed. Fish were fed one of three diets composed of a basal diet containing ≈ 14% digestible carbohydrate which was progressively diluted with gelatinized potato starch in the following ratios of basal diet to supplemental carbohydrate (gelatinized potato starch): 65:00, 65:20, 65:35. The three diets were pair-fed based on the feed intake of the fish fed the diet containing the highest level of starch (65:35) and representing 100% intake. The other diets were then fed at different levels in a manner that allowed all the groups of fish in the same block to receive the same amount of the basal diet [e.g. the basal diet (undiluted, 65:00) was fed at 65% of the dietary intake of the 65:35 diet]. Blood glucose concentrations and relative liver-to-body size increased with increased dietary carbohydrate intake. Feeding supplemental carbohydrates resulted in a small increase in weight gain of the fish at both supplemental levels. Pronephros tissue lysozyme activity and pronephros macrophage superoxide production were not affected by the dietary treatments. The results suggest the presence of advanced glycosylation end-products in muscle tissue collagen, but were not significantly different between treatments. No substantial effect of long-term feeding of a high carbohydrate diet on the non-specific immunity of rainbow trout was observed. However, the results suggest that dietary carbohydrates may have a slight stimulatory effect on phagocytosis at low–moderate levels.     

丝瓜自交系主要经济性状配合力及遗传参数分析

按双列杂交设计,用Griffing分析方法,对6个丝瓜自交系的10个主要经济性状的配合力及遗传参数进行分析.结果表明:各性状的一般配合力方差和特殊配合力方差均达到极显著水平.P3和P6自交系的综合性状较优,可在育种中直接利用;P3×P4等4个组合具有较强的杂种优势,有一定的增产潜力.在育种工作中,对丝瓜第1雌花节位等3个性状宜早代选择,而对可溶性糖含量等其它性状应进行晚代选择.     

折叠式接种箱的设计与试验

接种是食用菌菌种生产和栽培过程中非常重要的一个环节,它在无菌操作下完成,是一项用工量最大、最易使培养料感染细菌的一道工序,直接关系到食用菌生产的产量和品质.接种箱是接种工艺过程中一个重要设备,是供菌种分离和移接的专用操作箱.传统接种箱存在占地面积大和不易移动等缺点.为适应我国中小型食用菌生产单位和用户,设计了一种折叠式接种箱,具有结构简单、轻巧、制造成本低、便于移动作业和显著提高劳动生产率等特点,满足了食用菌生产发展的需要.     

木霉菌对甜瓜枯萎病的防治

研究木霉菌T23、Ta22菌株对甜瓜枯萎病菌的拮抗作用和T23、Ta22二者复合处理对甜瓜枯萎病的室内及田间防治效果,结果表明：T23与Ta22对枯萎病菌拮抗系数都很高,二者复合处理对甜瓜枯萎病的田间相对防效可达79．00％。     

Effects of binder type and binder addition on the growth of juvenile Palaemonetes varians and Palaemon elegans (Crustacea: Palaemonidae)

This investigation compared the effects of using two binders of no nutritional value, lignosol and agar, and the binding method, microbinding and microcoating, on the growth of juvenile Atlantic ditch shrimp, Palaemonetes varians, and rockpool prawn, Palaemon elegans. Shrimp were fed one basal diet which varied solely in binder type and method of inclusion (Diet A, with lignosol added by microbinding, Diet B, with agar added by microbinding, and Diet C with lignosol added by microcoating) for a period of 45 days. At the end of the experiment significant differences in the final wet weight were found between shrimps fed Diet A and Diet C and between shrimps fed Diet B and Diet C (P < 0.001), but no significant differences were found between Diet A and Diet B (P > 0.05). These results were verified for both species. Significant differences were found between the linear regression slopes of the three tested diets for P. varians (F _3,411 = 3.41; P < 0.04), and for P. elegans (F _3,431 = 10.51; P < 0.0003). Palaemon elegans grew faster than P. varians and at the end of the experiment significant differences were found between the final wet weight of the two species (F _3,842 = 48.17, P < 0.0001). The growth parameters analysed, weight gain (WG), thermal-unit growth coefficient (TGC), and food conversion rate (FCR) were always higher for P. elegans. Results indicate that use of either lignosol or agar, added to the diet by microbinding, is advisable.     

染色体工程技术在小麦雄性不育研究和杂种优势利用中的应用

染色体工程技术主要包括染色体的添加、削减和代换。随着科学技术的不断发展，现代生物技术亦融入到染色体工程技术，赋予染色体工程以新的内容，不仅包括在染色体组、染色体和染色体片段水平上所进行的染色体遗传操作，而且涵盖了染色体原位杂交、染色体微切割和人工染色体等新技术。本文阐述了染色体工程技术在小麦雄，巨不育研究和杂种优势利用中的应用，其主要有：(1)育性基因的定位，如育性基因的单体、缺体、端体和缺四体分析等；(2)外源育性基因的染色体鉴定；(3)核型雄性不育的染色体保持技术；(4)育性载体染色体的定向替换等。本文还对染色体工程技术研究应用进展进行了分析与展望。     

西南地区小麦种质资源白粉病抗性的全基因组关联分析

为了有效利用我国西南地区小麦抗白粉病种质资源,于2012―2013年在贵州贵阳、贵州赫章和四川绵阳以及2013―2014年在贵州贵阳对主要来自西南地区的120个小麦品种(系)进行了白粉病抗性鉴定,并利用小麦90K芯片进行全基因组关联分析。抗病性鉴定结果显示,36个品种(系)在四个环境下均表现出抗性,其中大部分品种(系)来自贵州省。全基因组关联分析发现,16个SNP位点与白粉病抗性显著相关,分别位于1A、1D、2A、3A、4B、5B、6A、6D和7B染色体上,其中位于6AS染色体重要区段上的3个SNP位点(Jagger_c4823_169、Tdurum_contig55201_928和Tdurum_contig12215.89)的遗传距离小于1cM,在四个环境中均与白粉病抗性显著相关。相关分析表明,这3个SNP位点与 Pm21分子标记(SCAR1265)紧密连锁。     

黑龙江省全面推进农业信息工作

黑龙江省十分重视农业信息工作,省委书记徐有芳、省长宋法棠多次指示要加强农业信息化建设,加快农业信息化进程,并决定从推进农业信息网络化建设入手,把农业信息网络延伸到乡镇和村,靠信息引导农民调整结构,发展经济.