Influence of dietary l-carnitine on growth, biological traits and meat quality in Tilapia

This study was designed to determine whether l -carnitine supplementation is necessary in a tilapia diet containing low-fish meal and a high lipid level, which is beneficial economically and for the environment. The effects of dietary l -carnitine on the growth, body composition, blood traits and post-thaw drip from muscle in hybrid tilapia were investigated. Five isonitrogenous and isocaloric diets were fed to the fish with a mean body weight of 141.7 g for 168 days. The control diet contained fish meal as the major protein source with 7% lipid. Other diets contained 7% or 12% lipid, in which fish meal was largely replaced by plant proteins, and supplemented with l -carnitine or not. Results showed that supplemental dietary l -carnitine did not affect the growth performance, feed efficiency or protein efficiency ratio, while the supplementation significantly reduced the mesenteric fat ratio. Whole body and muscle proximate compositions were unaltered by any dietary treatment. The total plasma lipid, triacylglycerol and cholesterol values of tilapia fed diets with alternative plant proteins were significantly lower than those of the control fish, whereas increasing the dietary lipid content increased the aforementioned blood traits. A decrease in plasma ammonia and an increase in urea were observed in dietary l -carnitine-supplemented fish. Post-thaw drip from muscle was reduced in fish fed supplemental dietary l -carnitine. The observations of this study revealed that neither the growth performance nor the feed utilization of hybrid tilapia was improved by a dietary l -carnitine treatment, but that it did lead to a reduced mesenteric fat ratio, altered nitrogen metabolism and improved meat quality.     

虾塘沉积物—水界面的营养盐扩散通量及其在养殖季节的变化

以自行设计的方法测定了对虾养殖环境中沉积物-水界面的营养盐扩散通量。结果表明，营养盐自底质向养殖水体的扩散贯穿于整个对虾养殖季节；该扩散通量的最大值出现在养殖后期的有机质污染区，即投铒区；在污染区，养殖后期的扩散通量大大高于养殖前期，但在非污染区却未见其随养殖季节的明显差异；污染区的扩散通量始终高于非污染区，且随养殖时间的推移，该差异逐渐增大。此外，还比较了新、旧虾塘之间的营养盐扩散通量的差异。初步探讨了底质溶出营养盐对对虾养殖环境的影响。     

大蒜素在罗非鱼鱼苗培育中的应用试验

在罗非鱼鱼苗饵料中添加大蒜素。试验表明可以提高罗非鱼鱼苗的成活率和总产量,降低饵料系数。     

Production of Biscuit from Chinese Sturgeon Fish Fillet Powder (Acipeneser sinensis): A Snack Food for Children

ABSTRACT

Malnutrition in children is a current global burden. A common snack for children is biscuits prepared from cereals. However, these types of biscuits have low protein content. Therefore, producing healthier biscuits enriched with essential amino acids (EAAs) and other micronutrients is of great interest to researchers and manufacturers. In this study, biscuits produced from low gluten wheat flour fortified with sturgeon fillet powder (SFP) in various mixing ratios (100:0, 95:5, 93:7, and 90:10, respectively) were investigated. The results revealed that the nutritional and proximate composition of biscuits were significantly (P ≤ 0.05) improved: moisture (6.77 ± 0.06–7.65 ± 0.06), protein (13.23 ± 0.35–17.12 ± 0.02), fat (15.57 ± 0.18–15.85 ± 0.25), ash (0.84 ± 0.07–0.92 ± 0.06), spread ratio (14.0 ± 0.92–14.33 ± 0.21), and hardness (2,057.90 ± 28.33–3,089.02 ± 51.53). Total amino acids were 6.91, 9.34, 10.32, and 10.58; and EAAs were 2.43, 3.97, 4.48, and 4.22 g/100 g for 0%, 5%, 7%, and 10% SFP, respectively. Leucine was the major amino acid with 5% and 10% SFP, while methionine was the major amino acid with 7% SFP. Fungal counts were not observed, and quality indices were below the maximum acceptable limits in the products. Biscuits supplemented with 7% SFP showed the highest sensory evaluation score. Overall, the inclusion of 7% SFP could produce protein enriched cereal-based fortified biscuits with acceptable sensory and quality attributes and ultimately could insure effective fish utilization and solve malnutrition problems.     

同心县同心圆枣产业生产现状及发展思路初探

发展同心圆枣产业是同心县国民经济新的增长点和农业产业结构调整的突破口,计划在5年内发展2666.7 hm2.为了使同心圆枣产业在激烈的市场竞争中健康、有序、快速发展.产品质量是品牌的基石,必须提高同心圆枣的科技含量,实施标准化生产以提高品质,同时加快培育、发展枣龙头企业和农村经济专业合作组织,提高农民的组织化程度,是推进同心圆枣产业发展的重要举措.     

盐碱地池塘配置网箱养鱼试验

在盐碱地一个面积为2871m^2的鱼池中,配置4个网箱．分别放养罗非鱼、淡水白鲳和鲤,箱外放养鲢、草鱼和鲤。试验结果：罗非鱼箱(20m^2)出鱼525kg．平均单产26．3kg／m^2,淡水白鲳箱(12m^2)出鱼400kg,平均单产33.3kg／m^2,鲤鱼箱两个(各12m^2)分别出鱼488．5kg和522kg,平均单产为40．7kg／m^2和43．5kg／m^2。箱外出鲢516kg,草鱼130kg,鲤1125kg。总计全池出鱼3706．5kg,亩产鱼862kg,每亩纯盈利2173．85元。试验证明：池塘配置网箱养鱼．可同池主养几种鱼,起捕容易,管理方便。     

Production of inbred larvae through self‐fertilization using oocytes and cryopreserved sperm from the same individuals after sex reversal in eastern oyster Crassostrea virginica

The eastern oyster Crassostrea virginica can change sex which makes self‐fertilization possible if sperm can be cryopreserved. In this study, small (~1 year old) and large (~2–3 years old) oysters were biopsied for sperm collection. Survival of the biopsied oysters after 1 year was 50% for small oysters and 17% for large oysters. Oocytes were collected from sex‐reversed females, and self‐fertilized with cryopreserved sperm. Of the 24 cryopreserved samples, 14 individuals had ≤1% fertility when crossed with oocytes from unrelated females, indicating that the cryopreserved sperm had reduced fertility. The other 10 individuals had a fertility of 39 ± 25% when crossed with oocytes from unrelated females (non‐selfing), but showed a significantly lower success of self‐fertilization (12 ± 16%) (P = 0.008), while aliquots of the same oocytes had a fertilization of 83 ± 11% when crossing with fresh sperm. Larvae were produced at day 3 in the self‐fertilized families (12–94% of the fertilized oocytes), and survived to eyed‐larvae stage at days 11–14. Genotyping with 9 microsatellite markers confirmed that the larvae resulted from self‐fertilization in four families. This study demonstrated the feasibility of creating self‐fertilized inbred lines of oysters by use of non‐lethal sperm collection and cryopreservation.     

Encoding electronic properties by synthesis of axial modulation-doped silicon nanowires

We describe the successful synthesis of modulation-doped silicon nanowires by achieving pure axial elongation without radial overcoating during the growth process. Scanning gate microscopy shows that the key properties of the modulated structures-including the number, size, and period of the differentially doped regions-are defined in a controllable manner during synthesis, and moreover, that feature sizes to less than 50 nanometers are possible. Electronic devices fabricated with designed modulation-doped nanowire structures demonstrate their potential for lithography-independent address decoders and tunable, coupled quantum dots in which changes in electronic properties are encoded by synthesis rather than created by conventional lithography-based techniques.     

Effect of dietary fish oil on enhanced inflammation and disturbed lipophagy in white adipose tissue caused by a high fat diet

Fisheries Science - Fish oil containing omega-3 polyunsaturated fatty acids (PUFA) attenuates chronic inflammation found in obesity, leading to a reduction in insulin resistance. The effect of fish...     

黄河三角洲滨海湿地生态修复区春季土壤古菌和细菌群落结构探究

盐地碱蓬是黄河三角洲滨海湿地生态功能的起点和核心,其原生修复在土壤改良和微生物功能恢复方面的作用仍未可知.因此,本研究开展了盐地碱蓬修复土壤的细菌和古菌群落结构分析,借助理化性质检测和高通量手段进行了样品实验室检测.结果发现,滨海湿地土壤均呈碱性(pH=7.92～8.45),盐度含量较高(>30.98‰)且非植被区土壤...