春化条件对耧斗菜抽薹开花的影响

试验以耧斗菜(Aquilegia Caerulea)为研究对象,采用二因素完全随机设计。试验设苗龄和低温天数两个因素,苗龄设6叶,9叶,12叶和15叶四个水平;低温天数设0d,7d,14d,21d,28d和35d六个水平,每个处理12盆。试验对上述不同苗龄的耧斗菜植株进行了不同天数的(5±2)℃低温处理,低温处理结束后放置自然条件下生长。用HOBO采集环境温度数据,观察并记录抽薹现蕾时间,同时测量并记录开花质量(花茎高度、花径、单株花量)。试验结果表明:耧斗菜9叶苗龄即可感受低温,12片真叶为最适苗龄,35d为此阶段最佳低温处理天数;凡通过春化的植株无论苗龄大小,低温处理时间长短,开花进程及开花质量表现一致。     

“六五”至“十二五”期间我国棉花品种纤维品质评价分析

对"六五"至"十二五"期间国家棉花区域试验参试品种纤维品质进行了总结和分析,结果表明,我国棉花品种的综合纤维品质总体趋势是稳步改良,逐年提升。黄河流域棉区品种的纤维长度和断裂比强度呈优化发展趋势;长江流域棉区品种纤维长度、断裂比强度和纺纱均匀性指数呈优化发展趋势;西北内陆棉区品种纤维品质总体表现有上升趋势,但近5年来纤维品质表现略有下降趋势。     

无人机低空数字图像诊断棉花苗情技术

为了提高棉花苗情监测的时效性和精确性,本研究利用无人机低空获取棉田数字图像,通过图像分析快速识别诊断棉花苗情。研究结果表明,利用HIS（Hue- intensity- saturation）阈值法将图像二值化,之后通过腐蚀膨胀对二值化图像进行处理,能够较好地排除地膜干扰,快速识别大范围棉苗数量和壮苗数量,棉苗识别精度超过90%。基于图像识别结果绘制的田间苗情分布图清晰显示了棉田出苗情况,并为精准化管理提供依据。本研究结果可为无人机在农业中的应用提供参考。     

黄土高原坡改梯综合效益分析——以燕沟流域为例

 退耕坡地是近年来黄土高原整治生态环境和控制水土流失的关键措施,但对于如何退耕,学术界存在多种不同观点,实践方面存在多种不同模式。以延安燕沟流域坡改梯为例,利用2005年延安站的逐日气象数据和燕沟流域地貌、土壤及土地利用等资料,借助WIN-YIELD软件,对不同地形坡度条件下坡改梯在作物增产、保水减沙效益以及燕沟流域坡改梯实践效果进行模拟、对比和实证分析。结果表明:地形坡度越大,坡改梯作物增产、保水和减沙效益越显著;坡度小于5°的坡耕地可以不进行梯田改造,坡度大于15°的坡耕地应及早实施坡改梯或退耕还林(草)。     

Cryopreservation of trochophore larvae from the hard clam Mercenaria mercenaria: Evaluation of the cryoprotectant toxicity,cooling rate and thawing temperature

Aquaculture of hard clams Mercenaria mercenaria is a $65 million industry along the east coast and Gulf of Mexico coast in the United States. The goal of this study was to develop a preliminary protocol to cryopreserve trochophore larvae of hard clams. The objectives were to evaluate the: 1) toxicity of cryoprotectants, including dimethyl sulfoxide (DMSO), propylene glycol, ethylene glycol and glycerol, at 5, 10, 15 and 20% for exposure time of 1, 15, 30, 45, 60 and 75 min; 2) effects of cooling rates (5, 10, 20 and 30°C/min for the first trial; and 1, 3 and 5°C/min for second trial from 4 to ?80°C), thawing temperature (30, 40 and 50°C) and their interactions on post‐thaw viability. A basic protocol was concluded as: 15‐hr trochophore larvae mixed with DMSO or propylene glycol (5, 10%), equilibrated for 15 min, cooled in a programmable freezer from 4 to ?80°C at a cooling rate of 5°C/min and thawed at 50°C for 6 s. With this protocol, the immediate post‐thaw trochophore survival was 23 ± 14%, and survival to D‐stage was 27 ± 14%. This is the first report on larval cryopreservation in the hard clam and would have application for genetic breeding and seed production.     

柑桔配施氮、磷、钾肥效应研究初报

本试验研究了在同一施氮水平下，不同水平磷、钾配施及施用不同种类钾肥对柑桔营养、产量及品质的效应。结果表明，紫色黄泥土锦橙园采用适当氮、磷、钾肥配合施用对提高单产及改善果实品质具有明显作用，以株施Ｎ４６０９、Ｐ_２Ｏ_４００ｇ、Ｋ_Ｏ５６０ｇ效果最佳，经济效益也最大。在一定范围内，叶片中的磷、钾养分含量都随磷、钾化肥用量的增加而提高。     

水稻花药超微结构电镜制样技术

 通过多次对水稻花药的超微结构观察,总结出一套适用于水稻花药超微结构观察的电镜制样技术和切片方法,按照此法能够得到比较满意的水稻花药超薄切片及电镜照片。     

汉中地区油菜“3414”肥效试验

进行了油菜"3414"肥效试验,结果表明:油菜产量随着氮、磷、钾施用量的增加而增大,但当肥料施用量超过N 15.65 kg/666.67 m2,P2O5 5.97 kg/666.67 m2,K2O 3.75 kg/666.67 m2时,油菜的产量随着施肥量的增大而减小。各处理中,产量最高的为N2P2K1。     

Prevalence of Giardia spp. infection in pre-weaned and weaned calves in relation to management factors

Two hundred and forty calf faecal samples from 16 Malaysian farms were screened by PCR for Giardia spp. The overall prevalence was 12.5% and the overall farm prevalence was 68.8% (11/16 farms). The prevalence in pre-weaned and weaned calves was 16.7% and 8.3%, respectively. Sequence analysis of 25 isolates identified all as G. duodenalis assemblage E. Management factors associated with an increased risk of infection with Giardia spp. included keeping weaned calves in pens with sand floors and calf age. Keeping pre-weaned calves in pens with concrete floors and calving in single cow calving areas decreased the risk.     

对虾养殖中新生残饵耗氧动态及其规律的研究

本文根据实验模拟研究的结果，估算了由配合饵料和贻贝肉形成残饵后３６天时间内的耗氧量，并讨论了其耗氧动态和规律。残饵耗氧量的变化范围为４．０９～１７．６１ｇ／ｋｇ·ｄ。残饵耗氧曲线随残饵形成时间的不同而显著变化，且始终呈二次曲线衰减形式，在其演变过程中，该二次曲线方程的二次项系数由负数逐渐演变为正数，并最终接近于污染虾塘底质的耗氧曲线。配合饵料和贻贝肉的耗氧曲线变化形式相近，但程度上存在较大差异。另外，本文还初步探讨了残饵的耗氧高峰期，估算了残饵在虾塘底质总耗氧量中的作用。