锌源对凡纳滨对虾生长免疫的影响

凡纳滨对虾配合饲料中添加20、40、60、80和100mg/kg硫酸锌和蛋氨酸锌。饲养4和10周称质量,并采集对虾血清、肝胰脏和肌肉,测定血清中酚氧化酶(PO)和碱性磷酸酶(AKP)活性及肝胰脏和肌肉中的锌含量。试验结果表明,锌源和锌水平影响对虾4周末体质量,但对10周末的体质量无影响。锌源和锌水平不影响血清中的PO,但硫酸锌组AKP表现出随添加量的升高而显著提高,蛋氨酸锌组AKP差异不显著。2种锌源的添加水平对肌肉中的锌含量无影响,但对肝胰脏中锌含量影响显著。生长、酶活和组织锌含量的统计结果表明,锌源之间存在显著差异,蛋氨酸锌的营养效果好于硫酸锌。饲料中蛋氨酸锌的添加量为40~60mg/kg时,凡纳滨对虾的生长和免疫效果最好。     

成都地区草坪粘虫发生规律与测报

通过1992～2004年13年的观测结果表明,危害成都地区草坪的粘虫为外迁入的二代粘虫,其暴食期一般年份发生在7月中旬,最佳防治时期在7月上旬;诱蛾量和草把诱卵量与粘虫的发生程度密切相关,可作为草坪粘虫发生的测报因子,且方法简便、有效。     

Molecular taxonomic relationships of Psoroptes and Chorioptes mites from China based on COI and 18S rDNA gene sequences

In this present study, the mitochondrial DNA gene cytochrome coxidase subunit I (COI) and the small subunit ribosomal RNA (18S rDNA) gene were used to determine the taxonomic relationships of Psoroptes and Chorioptes mites from China. The neighbor-joining and maximum-parasimony approach were used to evaluate the evolutionary relatedness among different hosts in the genera Psoroptes and Chorioptes. Phylogenetic analysis showed that Psoroptes cuniculi and Psoroptes natalensis may be two different species within the genus Psoroptes, and Chorioptes texanus and Chorioptes panda are different species within the genus Chorioptes.     

动物福利法的历史起源、现状及意义

动物福利法的基本出发点是让动物在康乐的状态下生存,即减少其所受的不必要的痛苦,并且针对不同动物采取不同的福利标准,让人与动物和谐相处,从而推动社会的文明进步。本文对动物福利法的历史起源、现状及意义进行了叙述,并对动物福利法的立法宗旨、福利标准、结构框架及对中国法制进程的影响等诸方面进行了讨论。     

浅谈精细化管理在动物卫生检疫证照管理中的应用

检疫合格证明是动物产品溯源的重要途径,检疫证明的管理是否规范关系到动物卫生监督职能发挥的有效性。本文从检疫证照管理的具体实践中探讨引进精细化管理理念的优势,从而证明在精细化管理过程中,从"精细思维"的养成到"索证、验证、上缴核销"流程中的精细化操作,有效促进检疫证照管理的规范化、精细化,切实提高整个证照管理的科学性。     

绵羊DECR1基因exon 5部分序列多态性分析

试验根据GenBank登录的牛2,4-双烯-CoA还原酶1(2,4-dienoyl-CoA reductasel,DECR1)基因序列(NP_001068891)设计引物,应用PCR技术对德国美利奴绵羊、杜泊绵羊、特克塞尔绵羊DECR1基因的exon 5部分序列进行克隆测序;利用PCR-SSCP技术检测了3个绵羊群体exon 5单链构象多态性(SNP),所获序列与GenBank中其他物种exon 5序列进行了同源性比较,并构建了亲缘关系聚类分析图.结果表明,绵羊DECR1基因exon 5长为137 bp,3个绵羊群体中exon 5均不存在SNPs,各种动物之间DECR1基因exon 5的同源性较高,在81.02%(鸡)～97.08%(牛)之间,其中绵羊和牛同源性最高,达到97.08%;与鸡的同源性最低,为81.02%;聚类分析结果显示,绵羊首先与牛聚为一类,再分别与兔子、狗聚为一类,最后分别与人、猪聚为一类,绵羊与牛的亲缘关系最近,与鸡的亲缘关系最远,与传统分类相一致,说明DECR1基因exon 5在动物进化过程中高度保守.     

小肽营养素对奶牛泌乳性能的影响

试验选择泌乳期中国荷斯坦奶牛32头,随机分为4组,A组(对照组)为基础精料日粮组;B、C、D组分别为基础精料日粮 0.1%、0.3%、0.5%小肽营养素。正试期28d。结果表明,添加0.1%、0.3%、0.5%小肽营养素后,奶牛头日平均产奶量分别提高1.67kg(6.38%)(P<0.05)、1.75kg(6.69%)(P<0.05)和1.64kg(6.27%)(P<0.05)。添加小肽营养素后,乳蛋白和乳脂率均有所提高,其趋势随小肽营养素添加量的增加而提高。添加0.1%、0.3%、0.5%小肽营养素后,奶牛头日净增效益3.52元、3.40元、2.86元。综合生产性能和经济效益,以添加0.1%-0.3%小肽营养素为适宜。     

Pharmacokinetics of mequindox and one of its major metabolites in chickens after intravenous, intramuscular and oral administration

Pharmacokinetics of mequindox and one of its major metabolites (M) was determined in chickens after intravenous (i.v.), intramuscular (i.m.) and oral administration of mequindox at a single dose of 10 (i.v. and i.m.) or 20 mg/kg b.w. (oral). Plasma concentration profiles were analyzed by a non-compartmental pharmacokinetic method. Following i.v., i.m. and oral administration, the areas under the plasma concentration-time curve (AUC(0-∞)) were 0.71±0.15, 0.67±0.21, 0.25±0.10 μg h/mL (mequindox) and 37.24±7.98, 36.40±9.16, 86.39±16.01 μg h/mL (M), respectively. The terminal elimination half-lives (t(1/2λz)) were determined to be 0.15±0.06, 0.21±0.09, 0.49±0.23 h (mequindox) and 5.36±0.86, 5.39±0.52, 5.22±0.35 h (M), respectively. The bioavailabilities (F) of mequindox were 89.4% and 16.6% for i.m. and oral administration. Steady-state distribution volume (V(ss)) of 1.20±0.34 L/kg and total body clearance (Cl(B)) of 13.57±2.16 L/kg h were determined for mequindox after i.v. dosing. After single i.m. and oral administration, peak plasma concentrations (C(max)) of 3.04±1.32, 0.36±0.13 μg/mL (mequindox) and 3.81±0.92, 5.99±1.16 μg/mL (M) were observed at t(max) of 0.08±0.02, 0.32±0.12 h (mequindox) and 0.66±0.19, 6.67±1.03 h (M), respectively. The results showed that mequindox was rapidly absorbed after i.m. or p.o. administration and most of mequindox was transformed to metabolites in chickens, with much higher C(max)s and AUCs of metabolite (M) than those of mequindox in plasma.     

鸽新城疫最新研究进展

鸽新城疫（New castle Disease）是由鸽Ⅰ型副粘病毒引起的一种急性、热性、高接触性传染病.鸽群常突然发病,迅速蔓延,其临床症状与鸡新城疫相似,主要临床特点是肠炎、下痢和神经症状,尤以嗜神经速发型为多见,发病率和死亡率都很高,对养鸽业造成巨大威胁,是养鸽业的大敌,并常能同时引起鸡新城疫的流行.上个世纪七十年代末的一次全球性大流行即是首先暴发鸽新城疫,然后造成世界范围鸡新城疫的大流行.近年来,随着我国经济的发展和文化水平的提高,经济特禽和观赏鸟养殖业发展较快,各地开始陆续有发生鸽新城疫的报道。     

汕头市猪场猪瘟和猪禽流感血清学监测报告

为了了解和掌握我市猪场的猪瘟免疫情况及感染高致病性禽流感疫病的可能性，我所分别于2005年2月和4月两次对全市范围内各类型的养猪场免疫猪瘟的猪只采集血清941份，进行猪瘟血清抗体监测和猪高致病性禽流感疫情血清学监测。现将监测结果报告如下。