种植密度对棉花干物质、氮素累积与分配的影响

2008～2009年设置6个密度处理,探讨不同种植密度对棉花(Gossypium hirsutum L.)开花后干物质及氮素累积与分配动态变化的影响,为长江流域下游棉区的合理密植提供理论依据.结果表明:棉花初花后群体干物质和氮素累积量随生育进程推延而呈Logistic曲线关系;种植密度显著影响干物质与氮素动态变化模型的特征参数,提高种植密度可使棉花干物质与氮素快速累积的起始日提早,但干物质与氮素快速累积速率以1hm230 000株处理较高、持续时间长、干物质与氮素累积量最多、生殖器官的分配指数最大、产量最高.综合分析显示,长江流域下游棉区抗虫杂交棉最适密度为1 hm230000株,在此密度条件下棉花十物质与氮素累积动态特征参数最为协调.     

猪链球菌2型实时荧光定量PCR检测方法的建立与应用

试验根据猪链球菌2型荚膜多糖（CPS）抗原设计CPS2J基因特异性引物,建立猪链球菌2型实时荧光定量PCR检测方法。结果显示,该方法的标准曲线为y=-3.073x+36.87,r=0.995,熔解曲线只有单一的特异峰。敏感性试验显示,该方法可以检测出模板最低浓度为1.0×10¹拷贝/μL,是普通PCR的10倍;特异性试验显示,对猪链球菌2型具有良好的特异性,能够区分其他血清型猪链球菌和其他细菌;重复性试验变异系数为0.37%~0.63%,均低于2.5%。临床检测显示该方法的敏感性明显高于常规PCR方法和细菌分离的方法。以上结果表明,本研究建立的方法敏感性高、特异性强、重复性好,有利于对猪链球菌2型的快速检测。     

设施菜地土壤中速效磷是镉生物有效性的关键调控因子

通过田间实地调查与取样分析,运用简单相关、回归方程拟合和主成分分析等方法,研究了关中设施蔬菜种植区土壤中镉(Cd)的生物有效性及其与土壤速效磷含量(AP)、有机质含量(OM)和pH值等土壤基本理化性质的相关性,并研究了各基本理化因子对其的调控作用。结果表明:(1)研究区内设施菜地土壤中镉的有效态含量(DTPA浸提,CdA)与设施菜地土壤中速效磷含量、有机质含量和pH值均存在显著相关关系(P0.05),与土壤阳离子交换量、电导率不相关。(2)通过对土壤有效镉含量和与其呈显著相关关系的土壤基本理化性质指标分别进行回归方程拟合得出:y1[CdA]=0.501 5x1[AP]+0.010 6(R2=0.345 2,P0.01)、y2[CdA]=0.370 7x2[OM]+0.028 6(R2=0.139 0,P0.01)、y3[CdA]=-0.055 2x3[pH]+0.564 1(R2=0.050 9,P0.05),土壤中有效镉含量主要受以上三个因子的影响;通过多元回归方程拟合,土壤有效态镉含量的表达式为y4[CdA]=0.174 8+0.435 2x1[AP]+0.049 0lgx2[OM]-0.013 2x3[pH](R2=0.368 6,P0.01);主成分分析发现,土壤速效磷含量是设施菜地土壤中镉的生物有效性的关键调控因子。(3)研究区蔬菜果实中镉含量与土壤镉有效态含量的相关系数为0.464,高于其与土壤镉全量(CdT)的相关系数(0.387),从食品安全和健康风险控制的角度考虑,在设施菜地土壤污染风险评价中,认为以土壤镉有效态含量替代土壤镉全量可以更准确地表征土壤镉的安全风险。因此,设施蔬菜生产过程中,应严格控制土壤速效磷含量,以降低土壤有效镉含量,从而保证设施蔬菜产品的食品安全。     

超声波提取珠子参根茎多糖的工艺优化

【目的】优化超声波提取珠子参根茎多糖的工艺条件,为珠子参的开发利用提供参考依据。【方法】以珠子参根茎为原料,通过单因素试验和正交试验考察料液比、提取时间、提取温度、超声波功率对多糖提取率的影响。【结果】影响超声波提取珠子参根茎多糖的因素顺序为：料液比〉提取温度〉提取时间〉超声波功率,其最佳提取条件为：在料液比1∶10、提取温度60℃、提取功率90 W的条件下提取20 min,珠子参根茎多糖提取率为11.71%。【结论】超声波提取法具有提取时间短、提取率较高、操作简便、稳定性好等优点,是提取珠子参根茎多糖的有效方法。     

钼对玉米吸收氮磷钾、子粒产量和品质及苗期生化指标的影响

适量施Mo(施H2MoO4:0.33 kg/hm2),可以促进玉米对NPK的吸收,提高NPK肥料利用率(分别增加23.38%、26.52%和65.21%),增加单产(增产4.35%)及改变子粒品质;过量施用有抑制NPK在植株体内积累的趋势,与产量无益.玉米苗期营养体内全糖、可溶性糖和纤维素含量与施Mo水平呈正相关,蛋白N及叶片叶绿素含量呈负相关。     

不同剂量的猪瘟活疫苗单次免疫效果评价及疫苗存留试验

用1 200 RID、6 000 RID和24 000 RID 3种不同剂量的猪瘟活疫苗单次免疫9头30日龄的断奶仔猪,检测试验猪的抗体消长和疫苗毒核酸在猪体内的存留时间,并用6头猪进行攻毒保护试验.结果表明:不同免疫剂量的试验猪其抗体水平的动态变化没有显著差异,免疫后21 d试验猪的猪瘟抗体均成阳性,63 d后至578 d猪瘟抗体阻断率仍然高于85％,应用荧光定量RT-PCR技术检测,猪瘟疫苗毒核酸在猪血液和扁桃体中的检出时间分别达28 d和42 d;免疫后370 d进行猪瘟强毒攻击后,免疫猪没有出现明显的临床症状,存活且不带毒.本研究证实,没有其他疫病和母源抗体的仔猪单次接种合理剂量的猪瘟活疫苗就能产生坚强的保护力,提出加强种猪场各种病原监测,淘汰病原阳性种猪,净化种猪群对提高猪瘟疫苗免疫效果,最终控制猪瘟具有重要意义.     

The Application of ISSR Markers to Identify the Fertility Restorer Gene Rf6 in T.timopheevii Cytoplasmic Male Sterile Wheat(Triticum aestivum)

Inter-simple sequence repeat (ISSR) analysis was carried out on a F2 population of 147 plants derived from a cross between a wheat male fertility restorer line 2114 and a male sterile line ND44A. Out of 43 primers examined, 18 primers produced distinguishable, polymorphic bands between the two parents. Linkage analysis in the mapping population showed that two markers UBC-808 and UBC-848 were closely linked with the restorer gene R f6 of the Triticum timopheevii CMS system. The distance between the two markers and the restorer gene was 7.9 cM and 4.9 cM, respectively. Also two parents were screened with 181 pairs of SSR primers, of which, 34.3% showed polymorphisms. But no locus was found linked with the restorer gene.Compared with the SSR technique, the ISSR approach used in the experiment provided more information and proved to be a valuable method to identify alien fragments.     

安徽江淮丘陵区杂交水稻钾肥效应初报

试验结果表明:杂交水稻每公顷施用K2O135kg时产量最高,达7735kg/hm2,比对照(NPK0)增产12 1%。钾肥经济效益也以每公顷施K2O135kg最高,比对照增收1008元/hm2,产投比为3 3∶1。钾肥施用量在K2O180kg/hm2以下时,土壤中的钾素亏损,不能保持土壤中钾素平衡。     

紫花苜蓿耐盐育种及耐盐遗传基础的研究进展

通过对紫花苜蓿耐盐育种的研究，综述了近年来国内外紫花苜蓿的耐盐鉴定、耐盐选择的现状及其数量遗传学基础。     

Effect of DNA methylation of miR-30a-5p promoter region on hepatic injury induced by homocysteine

AIM: To explore the role of DNA methylation of microRNA-30a-5p(miR-30a-5p) promoter region in hepatic injury. METHODS: Four-week-old normal mice and cystathionine β-synthase (CBS) single gene knockout mice were used and divided into normal (CBS^+/+, n=12) group and single gene knockout (CBS^+/-, n=12) group, and the mice were fed with high methionine diet for 8 weeks. HL-7702 hepatic cells were routinely cultured in vitro and divided into control group, homocysteine (Hcy) group and Hcy+5-azacytidne (AZC) group. Serum Hcy, alanine aminotransferase (ALT) and aspartate aminotransferase (AST) levels were measured by automatic biochemical analyzer. The levels of ALT and AST in the cells culture medium were determined by the microplate method. Hepatic injury in the mice were observed with HE staining. Cell viability staining was used to measure the viability of hepatocytes. RT-qPCR was used to detect the expression of miR-30a-5p in the liver tissues and hepatocytes. The correlation between the expression of miR-30a-5p and serum ALT and AST levels was analyzed by Pearson correlation analysis. DNA methylation level of miR-30a-5p promoter region in the liver tissues and hepatocytes was detected by nested landing methylation-specific PCR (nMS-PCR). RESULTS: Compared with the CBS^+/+ mice, the serum levels of Hcy, ALT and AST in the CBS^+/- mice were significantly increased (P < 0.05). HE staining showed the hepatocyte swelling and nuclear fragmentation and dissolution. The expression level of miR-30a-5p in the liver tissues was decreased (P < 0.01). Besides, the expression level of miR-30a-5p in the mice was negatively correlated with serum ALT and AST levels (r²=0.4557, P=0.0003, r²=0.4626, P=0.0003), and the DNA methylation of miR-30a-5p promoter region was increased (P < 0.01). In the HL-7702 cells, compared with control group,the ALT and AST levels were increased in Hcy group (P < 0.05, P < 0.01), and the cell viability was remarkablely decreased. DNA methylation of miR-30a-5p promoter region was increased (P < 0.01), which decreased after treated the cells with AZC (P < 0.05), while the expression level of miR-30a-5p in the cells was increased (P < 0.05). CONCLUSION: Hypermethylation of miR-30a-5p promoter region may play an important role in hepatic injury.