表达H5N1亚型禽流感病毒HA基因的重组鸭瘟病毒的构建

利用PCR技术扩增出鸭瘟病毒(DPV)生长非必需区的TK基因(约2.5kb),将其克隆入pUC19载体获得载体puDTK。根据已知载体pcDNA-LacZ的序列设计了一对引物,PCR扩增出pcDNA-LacZ上含CMV启动子、多克隆位点、SV40及LacZ的完整的基因表达盒插入puDTK的TK上,获得质粒puDTCL。根据Genbank已发表的H5N1亚型禽流感病毒的血凝素(HA)基因序列,设计引物从T-HA质粒上扩增出HA基因,克隆到puDTCL的表达盒的多克隆位点NheI与ApaI之间,成功构建含LacZ及HA基因的转移载体质粒puDTCL-HA。将这载体质粒与DPV34F2疫苗毒共转染鸡胚成纤维细胞(CEF),经蓝斑克隆筛选和纯化,获得了遗传性状稳定的表达HA基因的重组鸭瘟病毒。     

乳牛舍内环境空气中细菌数量与乳房炎的关系研究

采用自然沉降法对规模化泌乳奶牛舍内消毒前后空气细菌含量进行检测,同时对泌乳牛群进行乳房炎调查,对乳房炎奶牛乳汁中病原菌分离鉴定。结果表明,不同的牛舍不同的培养基其结果均不相同,NA培养基菌落数最高达77.8×103cfu/m3,S.S培养基在多个分布点无细菌生长。牛舍经过消毒后环境空气中的细菌总数大幅度减少,运动场空气细菌总数明显低于舍内。奶牛乳房炎的发生率与牛舍环境空气中的细菌总数呈正相关,细菌总数多的牛舍奶牛乳房炎的发病率也高。环境空气中和乳房炎奶牛乳汁中同时分离到金黄色葡萄球菌、大肠杆菌、伤寒沙门氏菌、肺炎克雷伯氏菌等。     

高寒牧区当年生人工混播草地建植试验

通过试验证明，在碌曲县高寒草甸草地区建立一年生人工草地，采取禾本科与豆科牧草混播，可明显提高草地产革量和牧草品质。由于草层结构合理，促进了产草量的提高，混播草地产草量较单播平均提高26％，差异极显著(P＜0．01)；混播处理茎叶比明显低于单播，其中燕麦抽穗期降低0．56，完熟期降低2．55，说明随着牧草生长期的延长，混播草地叶量明显增加，主要是由于箭筈豌豆的介入而使茎叶比显著降低，牧草品质变优。     

Temporal variations in blood glutathione peroxidase (GSHPx) activity in sheep at pasture in a Mediterranean area

The present study evaluates blood GSHPx activity in 18 sheep flocks at range, to identify those seasons with the highest risk of selenium deficiency. Samples were taken from 1108 15-day-old lambs during the two usual lambing periods in this geographical area (autumn-winter and spring-summer). The overall mean values in the first period (146.69 +/- 3.41 i.u./g Hb) was higher than in the second one (107.50 +/- 3.53 i.u./g Hb). This may be explained by the special features of the climate in the Mediterranean area, which allow an optimum growth of grass from October to May. Therefore, the lambs born in spring-summer are from pregnancies in months when feeding is based only upon grazing. However, lambs born in autumn-winter comes from ewes gestating during the summer, when supplementation with cereal grains is given. As a conclusion, lambs born in spring-summer in this area are at higher risk to selenium-deficiency related disorders.     

犬红细胞Cu·Zn－SOD的纯化及其部分特性

采用乙醇－氯仿处理、加热、丙酮沉淀和ＤＥＡＥ－ＳｅｐｈａｄｅｘＡ－５０柱层析的方法，从犬血红细胞中提纯了铜锌超氧化物歧化酶（Ｃｕ·Ｚｎ－ＳＯＤ），并对其部分性质进行了研究。比活力为４１５０Ｕ／ｍｇ，不连续聚丙烯酰胺凝胶电泳呈现１条区带，ＳＤＳ－聚丙烯酰胺凝胶电泳测得该酶的亚基分子量为１６３００，紫外最大吸收峰位于２５９ｎｍ，氨基酸组成中不含有色氨酸。     

The production of short chain fatty acid and colonic development in weaning piglets

Weaning process widely affects the small intestinal structure and function in piglets, while the responses of large intestine to weaning stress are still obscure. The purpose of this study was to determine the developmental changes (i.e., short chain fatty acids (SCFAs) concentrations, growth parameters, crypt‐related indices and antioxidant capacity) in colon of piglet during weaning. Forty piglets were weaned at day 21 and euthanized to collect colonic tissues and digesta samples on day 0, 1, 3, 7 and 14 post‐weaning (n = 8). Piglet growth performance was improved (p < .001) on day 7 and 14 post‐weaning. The concentrations of acetate, propionate, butyrate, valerate, isobutyrate, isovalerate and total SCFAs were higher (p < .001) during the late post‐weaning period. The mRNA abundances of SCFAs transporters were greater (p < .001) on day 7 and 14. The absolute and relative weights, absolute length and perimeter of colon were greater (p < .001) on day 7 and 14. Similarly, post‐weaning increases (p < .001) in colonic crypt depth and Ki67 positive cells numbers per crypt were observed during the same period. Colonic crypt fission indices decreased (p < .01), while total crypt numbers increased (p < .001) on day 14 after weaning. Moreover, total SCFAs concentration was significantly associated with colonic growth parameters and Ki67 cells/crypt (p < .001). In addition, catalase content was decreased on day 3, 7, and 14, whereas, the concentrations of total superoxide dismutase (T‐SOD) and manganese‐containing superoxide dismutase (MnSOD) were higher (p < .05) on day 1 and 3 post‐weaning. These results showed that weaning process has a significant effect on colonic growth and development, which might be associated with the change of SCFAs concentrations in colon.     

不同添加剂对紫花苜蓿拉伸膜裹包青贮饲料品质的影响

为明确葡萄糖、红糖、果渣对紫花苜蓿拉伸膜裹包青贮饲料青贮品质的影响,探明最适合添加于紫花苜蓿裹包青贮的有机添加剂,按照紫花苜蓿原料重量的0.2%、0.4%、10%分别添加葡萄糖、果糖、果渣进行90 d青贮。结果表明:添加葡萄糖可保留紫花苜蓿中更多的干物质,有效提高青贮饲料中的乳酸含量,降低乙酸和丙酸含量;添加红糖不利于青贮饲料pH值的降低和乳酸积累,能产生较高的氨态氮、乙酸和丙酸含量;添加果渣虽然可以降低青贮饲料的pH值,但会造成显著的粗蛋白损失。综合分析认为,添加葡萄糖对提高紫花苜蓿拉伸膜裹包青贮饲料青贮品质效果较好。     

猪场母仔保健——“四提高两避免”

<正>母猪生产中重复着产仔─哺乳─断奶─空怀─配种─妊娠─再次产仔的周期。产仔、断奶、配种是母猪在生产周期中的短期行为,由接产技术、断奶技术、配种技术支持;而哺乳、空怀、妊娠则是长期行     

2010年新疆兽医系统实验室检测能力比对试验的探讨与建议

2010年9月下旬,由新疆维吾尔自治区动物卫生监督所(动物疫病预防控制中心)实验室牵头开展了全疆兽医系统实验室检测能力比对试验工作。三项比对试验复合率均在83%以上,实验室检测能力考核成绩较为理想,但还是存在实验室技能操作不规范与检验记录不完善等问题。     

利用羊碎肉开发宠物食品配料的工艺技术研究

研究以羊碎肉为原料,通过高压蒸煮、绞碎、酶解、打浆、脱苦、真空冷冻干燥等工艺制成羊肉粉,以此作为宠物食品加工中的配料之一。试验确定了中性蛋白酶为最适水解用酶并通过单因素和正交试验,以骨肉粉的溶解性为指标,确定了中性蛋白酶酶解羊碎肉的最佳条件为:酶用量2 000 U/g,底物浓度为1:3,酶解时间3 h;脱苦研究表明,添加0.7%甘氨酸,能较好的掩盖苦味;对采用喷雾干燥方法生产的羊肉粉进行37℃保温试验,在贮存到第6周时,菌落总数为7.17 lg cfu/g,TBARS值为2.82 mg/100 g。由此可推断该骨肉粉在常温条件下可贮存3个月。