“一膜两年用”不同播种密度对马铃薯生长及产量的影响

为完善全膜双垄沟播"一膜两年用"技术,2014年在定西市安定区采用随机区组设计开展大田试验,研究全膜双垄沟"一膜两年用"对不同播种密度的马铃薯植株生长及产量的影响。结果表明,在土壤肥力相当,降雨量差异较大且上一年为全膜双垄沟播玉米的区域,密度高于45 000株/hm~2,马铃薯的生育期缩短,株高降低,商品率和产量下降,密度低于30 000株/hm~2,马铃薯的农艺性状和商品率较佳,但产量较低。同时,在降雨量低于350 mm、种植密度约37 500株/hm~2的区域,或降雨量高于350 mm、种植密度约45 000株/hm~2的区域均可获得高产。     

Amplification,Sequence Analysis and Tissue Expression Detection of FUT2 Gene Coding Regions of Dongchuan Pigs

Porcine alpha (1,2) fucosyltransferase (FUT2) gene was importance in glycosphingolipid biosynthesis-globo series, potentially played a regulatory role during Escherichia coli (E. coli) F18 infection process in weaned piglets. In order to explore sequence structure of porcine FUT2 gene and its biological function, this test amplified FUT2 gene CDS sequence of Dongchuan pigs by PCR, forecasted and analyzed the protein sequences and functional regions of FUT2 gene, its expression level was detected in 11 tissues of 8 Dongchuan weaned piglets in 35 days old at the meantime. The results showed that the CDS sequence of FUT2 gene was 1 023 bp, which encoded 340 amino acids. FUT2 protein was fat-soluble hydrophilic protein, which the structure was not stable, including a transmembrane helix structure, but without signal peptide that suggested the FUT2 protein was a membrane protein;FUT2 protein included 2 N-glycosylation sites (No. 185 and No. 305 amino acids), without O-glycosylation sites, there were 14 potential phosphorylation sites, included 6 Ser, 2 Thr and 6 Tyr, analyzing the functional regions found that the FUT2 protein had a superfamily of conserved domains:FUT1-FUT2-like (58-319 amino acids). The phylogenetic tree result showed that the relative relationship between swine and cattle was relatively close, but was distant from chimpanzee, human, mouse and rat. FUT2 gene was expressed in all 11 tissues of Dongchuan weaned piglets, there were higher expression in digestive tract and immune tissues. The present results suggested that FUT2 gene might play a role to resistance to E. coli F18 in weaned piglets, and might indirectly against E. coli F18 through the synthesis of fucosyltransferase.     

高效液相色谱法测定鸡蛋中氯霉素残留量

采用高效液相色谱法(HPLC)检测鸡蛋中氯霉素的残留量。鸡蛋(全蛋)试样中残留的氯霉素用乙酸乙酯提取,35℃减压蒸干。残渣用正己烷-氯仿(1 1,V/V)溶解,加少量水,混匀后,离心,取上清液作为试样溶液供高效液相色谱仪(紫外检测器)在280nm处测定,外标法定量。本方法在鸡蛋中检出限为2μg/kg,回收率在60％～90％,批内变异系数小于12.0％,批间变异系数小于15.0％。     

高效液相色谱法测定烤烟类胡萝卜素

为了建立一种快速、准确测定烤烟叶中类胡萝卜素备量的方法，探索了反相高效液相色谱法分离类胡萝卜素的试验条件．结果表明，采用90％丙酮提取和0．1％二丁基羟基甲苯抗氧化剂保护，用乙酸乙酯和90％含水乙腈溶液作为流动相进行梯度洗脱，可以快速、准确地分离测定烤烟叶中β-胡萝卜素和叶黄素的含量．该法具有良好的线性（相关系数为0．9991～0．9998）和重复性（相对平均偏差小于2．21％），平均回收率可达到94．25％，并可有效防止类胡萝卜素氧化，适用于大批量样品的分析检测．     

不同施肥方式下稻田氮磷流失特征

采用大田小区试验,研究3种不同施肥方式下稻田系统氮(N)、磷(P)流失特征。实验结果表明,施用尿素和缓释肥的混施处理(MT)田面水中总氮(TN)和总磷(TP)平均浓度均为最高,分别为24.01和3.78mg/L,降雨产生径流时的N、P流失风险最大。整个水稻季,MT处理的N、P径流流失负荷分别为23.91和2.67kg/hm2,均为3种施肥处理中最高;MT处理的N、P渗漏流失负荷也为最高,分别为9.19和1.79kg/hm2。相对于MT处理,施用尿素和BB肥的无机处理(CT)及施用有机肥的有机处理(OT)能分别减少14.69%和29.18%的N总流失负荷及61.85%和68.97%的P总流失负荷。N、P的径流流失是稻田N、P流失的主要途径。     

The Application of Microbiome Culturomics in Veterinary Medicine

Under laboratory conditions, the number of cultured microorganisms accounts for about 1% of the total number of microorganisms in nature, which limits people's understanding and utilization of 99% of the unknown microorganisms. However, relevant researches show that those "uncultured microorganisms" can be developed and utilized, and the uncultured microorganisms are the main body of the unknown microorganisms. The microbial culturomics explored the application of multiple culture conditions and long-term culture, it was combined with Matrix-Assisted Laser Desorption/Ionization Time of Flight Mass Spectrometry (MALDI-TOF-MS) and 16S ribosomal RNA (rRNA) sequencing to identify all kinds of microorganisms on a large scale. At the same time, whole-genome sequencing (WGS) and Metagenomics sequencing technology were used to analyze unknown microorganisms in depth. In this paper, the latest progress of culturomics in the ruminant gastrointestinal tract, poultry cecum, and livestock nasal microflora in recent years was reviewed, and the feasibility of applying the method of microflora culturomics in animal disease prevention and control was discussed. As a new research idea, culturomics has some immature aspects, but its development prospect is very broad. The complementary of microflora culturomics and other research methods have gradually become a breakthrough in the development of veterinary microbiology.     

壳聚糖对黑白花奶犊牛脂肪代谢的影响

试验选用10日龄奶犊牛20头, 随机分到 4个日粮处理组,进行为期30 d 的饲养试验.在基础日粮中分别加入 0、200、400、600 mg/d的壳聚糖.结果表明:600 mg/d壳聚糖组相比对照组明显降低了血清中 TC含量 (P＜0.05);在试验第20和30天,600 mg/d壳聚糖组相比对照组降低了血清中高密度脂蛋白的含量(P＜0.05).     

瘦肉型猪(PIC344)精液碱性磷酸酶的分离纯化及部分性质研究

用正丁醇抽提、硫酸铵分级沉淀、DEAE SepharoseFF和SephacrylS 200柱层系,从瘦肉型猪(PIC344)精液中提取出碱性磷酸酶。纯化倍数11 46,比活为81 23U/mg蛋白。提取液经PAGE和SDS PAGE检测,呈现一条带。该酶相对分子质量为90 12KD,亚基分子质量为48 41KD,该酶为两个相同亚基组成。等电点为8 19,最适pH值9 5,最适温度为40℃,以磷酸苯二钠为底物测得Km值为3 98×10-4mol/L。经分析,Cu2 、Cd2 为酶的抑制剂,Ni2 、Ca2 、Mg2 为该酶的激活剂。选用CuSO4、Cd(NO3)2作酶的抑制类型判断,结果表明,CuSO4为非竞争性抑制,抑制常数为1 32×10-3mol/L,Cd(NO3)2为竞争性抑制,抑制常数为3 33×10-4mol/L。     

有机肥替代化肥对设施蔬菜土壤有效态Fe、Mn、Cu含量的影响

为改善设施土壤中微量元素短缺问题,减少化肥施用,提高设施番茄产量,在水高庄村日光大棚(SFQ)和小沙沃村日光大棚(XFQ)内,以不同量有机肥替代化肥为处理,研究了设施大棚土壤中有效态Fe、Mn、Cu含量的变化情况及与番茄品质和产量的关系。结果表明,有机肥替代化肥均不同程度提高了土壤有效态Fe、Mn、Cu含量。大棚SFQ中,SGY土壤中有效态Mn、Cu含量较对照处理分别提高了140.95%,348.95%;大棚XFQ中,XGY处理显著提高了土壤有效态Fe含量,较对照处理高出12.28%,XGY处理的有效态Mn、Cu含量比对照处理分别高出84.60%,215.71%。2个大棚中有效态Fe、Mn、Cu与番茄果实Vc含量之间呈极显著正相关,与NO^-₃-N含量之间呈极显著负相关。大棚SFQ中土壤有效态Fe与大棚XFQ中土壤有效态Fe、Mn和Cu均与产量呈显著正相关。高量有机肥替代化肥可极显著提高番茄果实Vc含量,降低硝酸盐含量,显著提高番茄产量。因此,可通过添加有机肥来缓解设施土壤中微量元素短缺的状况,为土壤可持续利用及设施农业发展提供参考。     

长途运输和体外保存对美利奴肉羊胚胎移植效果的影响

为研究远距离运输及鲜胚体外保存时间超过5h对胚胎移植效果的影响,将超数排卵供体羊与同期发情的受体羊两地饲养,并将取自供体羊的新鲜胚胎于体温下经直线距离超过300km的长途运输后,移植到受体羊体内。结果发现,供、受体羊经同期发情处理后,其发情率分别为100%和97.9%,供体羊输卵管冲胚获得胚胎数平均为13.5枚/只;受体羊产羔率为79.2%,略高于鲜胚直接移植的产羔率。由此可知,只要受体羊的营养状态良好、后期管理得当、胚胎体外保存方法适当,长途运输及体外保存时间超过5h对胚胎移植的效果无明显影响。