天水106份冬小麦品种（系）Yr18基因和1BL/1RS易位的分子检测

选用与Yr18基因和1BL/1RS易位系紧密连锁的SCAR和STS标记,对天水106份供试冬小麦育成品种(系)Yr18基因、1BL/1RS易位系的分布情况进行分子检测。结果表明,106份材料中,有2份材料检测到Yr18基因,有55份材料检测到1BL/1RS易位系,分别占被检测材料的1.89%、51.89%。对目前流行条锈菌小种有良好抗性且表现慢锈性的Yr18基因在甘肃天水小麦育种中的利用率较低,而1BL/1RS易位系的利用率仍然较高。品系15-16H307和07-144-2-1-1-1同时检测到1BL/1RS易位系和Yr18基因,建议在甘肃天水小麦抗条锈病育种中合理应用。     

Effects of the severity and timing of basal leaf removal on the amino acids profiles of Sauvignon Blanc grapes and wines

The effects of the severity and timing of leaf removal(LR) on the amino acids of Sauvignon Blanc grapes and wines were studied during the 2017 growing season. High-performance liquid chromatography(HPLC) was used to analyze the amino acids profiles of grape berries and wines. The basal leaves were removed at three time points(40, 56 and 72 days after flowering, named LR40, LR56 and LR72, respectively) at two severity levels(one at which the first, third, and fifth basal leaves of each shoot were removed(50% level); and another at which the first six basal leaves were removed(100% level)). The results showed that leaf removal had little impact on total soluble solids(°Brix), titratable acidity, pH or berry weight. The LR72-50% treated grapes had higher berry weight, titratable acidity and °Brix than those of the other treatments. The highest concentrations of total amino acids and of total amino acids except proline were detected in LR72-50% treated grapes(2 952.58 and 2 764.36 mg L~(-1), respectively); the lowest were detected in LR72-100% treated grapes(2 172.82 and 2 038.71 mg L~(-1), respectively). LR72-50% treatment significantly promoted the synthesis of aspartic acid, serine, arginine, alanine, aminobutyric acid and proline at both severity levels for grapes, the concentrations of all of these amino acids were increased relative to the control concentrations. The LR72-50%, LR40-100% and LR72-100% treated wines had higher total amino acids concentrations and higher concentrations of some individual amino acids, such as arginine, alanine and serine, than did the control wines. Of all the amino acids studied, glycine, tyrosine, cysteine, methionine and lysine were not significantly influenced by the timing or severity basal defoliation in grapes and wines. The present study reveals the effects of the timing and severity of leaf removal on the amino acids profiles of grapes and wines.     

铜绿微囊藻对苯酚的富集与降解

以苯酚为培养介质中的唯一碳源,研究铜绿微囊藻的生长和对苯酚的去除效果。结果表明,铜绿微囊藻能利用苯酚的碳进行光合作用,加快其生长;同时,铜绿微囊藻对苯酚有明显的富集与降解作用,富集量２４ｈ最大达２７．８５ｍｇ／ｇ,此后随时间的延长逐渐降低。铜绿微囊藻对苯酚的降解符合一级动力学方程,５ｄ降解率为６７．６％。     

加入WTO陕西苹果产业化发展的几个战略性问题

分析了我国尤其是陕西省的苹果产业化发展现状及潜在危机 ,提出了陕西苹果产业化发展的几个战略问题 :1以生态为核心 ,以资源为基点 ,以特色为内涵 ,以全球化为目标 ,科学规范化、地域特色化的苹果资源配置是生态型绿色苹果产业链的基础。 2生态型绿色无公害果业的建设是陕西生态型绿色苹果产业链的强生长点。 3以分子态认识陕西特色苹果资源的内涵成分为基础 ,以全球市场需求为背景 ,以多学科高技术集成化为手段 ,开发生产生物活性成分富集化、营养保健功能化的生态型绿色多元化产品 ,是陕西生态型绿色苹果产业链链接的核心点。 4苹果及系列加工产品安全性的评价、监测、预警及整体性、系统化、立体型产业化控制技术 ,是生态型绿色苹果产业链建设的强支撑点。 5生物、化学、机、光、电集成化 ,产学研一体化 ,加速陕西地区性优势苹果资源精深加工产业化 ,尽快形成陕西生态型绿色苹果产业链的梯度型、阶梯式龙头企业集团群     

膜分离技术在大型养殖场沼液处理中的应用与展望

大型养殖场沼液具有产生量大且集中、养分含量低、可能含有抗生素残留等特点,若处理不当易对环境造成污染。膜分离技术可对污染物进行高效分离去除且操作简单,因此受到了广泛关注。本文总结分析了应用于大型养殖场沼液的膜分离技术工艺,通过比较分析不同膜分离工艺对养殖场沼液中碳、氮、磷和抗生素等污染物的去除效果,对膜分离技术在养殖场粪污处理方面的未来发展趋势和重点进行了展望,为膜分离技术在养殖粪污处理利用领域的广范应用提供科技支撑。     

核不育复等位基因向娃娃菜中转育的研究

根据"复等位基因遗传假说",以甲型两用系AB12为不育源(直筒生态型),采用杂交、自交、兄妹交的方法,将核不育基因向娃娃菜可育品系06006中转育,获得了不育株率100%的新核基因雄性不育系,扩大了原有不育系的遗传基础,拓宽了该优良雄性不育基因的应用范围.     

超声波处理对苹果花粉介导转基因的影响

为了探讨花粉介导转基因过程中附加超声波处理对苹果品种丹霞和嘎拉花粉的影响,对苹果花粉处理的缓冲液和超声波的各参数进行了选择,设置了不同的缓冲液pH值、蔗糖浓度;超声波处理功率、时间、次数等。结果表明：适合苹果花粉处理的缓冲液蔗糖浓度为10％,pH值为5．4;超声波处理功率、时间、次数等各参数对苹果花粉的萌发率和破碎率有显著影响。     

基于线粒体细胞色素b基因序列分析的泉水鱼遗传多样性研究

测定了长江水系贵定和乐山2个群体30尾泉水鱼细胞色素b基因1 026 bp序列,发现13个变异位点,检测出7种单倍型,Hd和Pi分别为0.772和0.0041,其中贵定和乐山群体的Hd分别为0.695和0.362,Pi分别为0.0030和0.0004,呈现出单倍型多样性较低和核苷酸多样性极低的特点;两个群体间的Fst和Nm值分别为0.7417和0.17,AMOVA分析显示遗传变异主要集中在群体间(74.17%),表明群体间出现高度的遗传分化;在邻接树上出现两个按地理来源聚群谱系,呈现出明显的地理结构;估算群体间分歧时间大约在16万年前,为更新世时期。中性检测表明两个群体在过去没有发生种群的快速扩张。建议将贵定和乐山群体作为不同的管理保护单位加以保护。