栉孔扇贝雄核发育二倍体的人工诱导

研究了利用6-二甲基氨基嘌呤(60μg/mL;6-DMAP)抑制第1卵裂诱导栉孔扇贝[Chlamys farreri(Jones et Pre-ston)]雄核发育二倍体的条件。雄核发育单倍体是将强度为2.8 mW/(cm2.s)的紫外线照射20 s的卵子与正常精子受精后得到的。6-DMAP不仅可以有效地抑制减数分裂,还可以有效地抑制有丝分裂;抑制第1卵裂的适宜起始时间为受精后80 min,诱导率为21.0%~22.6%。细胞学观察显示,6-DMAP抑制第1卵裂产生的雄核发育二倍体主要来源于第1卵裂中期的受精卵,由于阻止了染色体分离和原核移动,导致一个融合的二倍性雌性原核的形成;经紫外线照射的卵核在第1卵裂中期没能形成染色体,而是形成1个浓缩的染色质小体,没有参与第1卵裂后期的核分裂。尽管倍化率和D形幼虫发生率较低,但本研究证实了栉孔扇贝雄核发育二倍体人工诱导的可行性。[中国水产科学,2006,13(4):585-590]     

超级早、晚稻的养分吸收和根系分布特性研究

为了阐明双季超级稻的高产机理和指导合理施肥,采用品种比较的方法,研究了超级早、晚稻品种的养分吸收和根系分布特性。结果表明,超级早、晚稻品种的养分吸收量平均分别为N 170.04、224.90 kg/hm2,P 21.97、39.88 kg/hm2,K 107.48、144.47 kg/hm2,均高于对照。生育中期（穗分化至抽穗）的养分吸收量与产量密切相关。生产100 kg稻谷所需要的养分较对照低10%左右。超级早、晚稻品种根系发达,根量较大。抽穗后15 d（早稻）或20 d（晚稻）的根量与产量密切相关,其中5—10 cm的根量与养分吸收总量密切相关。说明生育中期较多的养分吸收和发达的根系是超级早、晚稻高产的重要原因。     

金沙江干热区麻疯树(Jatropha curcas L.)白粉病危害特征观察

在麻疯树的规模种植区选定代表性的10株无病植株,观察白粉病的危害侵染特征。结果显示:群居的麻疯树极易感染白粉病,在麻疯树的整个生长期都会受到不同程度的危害,8～10月高温高湿条件下是发病的高峰期,11月份以后减缓危害速度,但不停止。结果对麻疯树白粉病预警预报和有效防控措施的制定提供参考依据。     

疫区猪场猪瘟隐性感染母猪的诊断与淘汰

猪瘟是由猪瘟病毒引起的猪的一种急性烈性传染病。近年来 ,由于我国集约化养猪业的迅速发展 ,赋予猪瘟流行一些新的特点。高密度的免疫压力下出现的毒力致弱毒株 ,导致了亚急性、慢性、迟发性猪瘟比例的增加。构成了在猪瘟流行中极具危险性的潜在传播病毒的持续性感染的传染源 ,而隐性感染的妊娠母猪则自然对这种持续感染起到了放大作用。为此 ,及时诊断和剔除猪群中的隐性感染母猪 ,在集约化养猪厂防制猪瘟方面已成为关键的步骤。我们利用中国兽药监察所研究的单克隆抗体介导的用于鉴别猪瘟疫苗毒和野毒株的检测技术 ,在一家流行猪瘟的万头…     

Cloning and Expression of Gene Responsible for High-Tillering Dwarf Phenotype in Indica Rice Mutant gsor23

High-tillering dwarf mutant gsor23 was generated from an indica rice variety Indica9 radiatied by γ-ray. Genetic analysis showed that this phenotype was controlled by one single recessive gene, which was mapped within a physical distance of 386 kb between two insertion-deletion (InDel) markers C1-WT2 and C1-WT4 on the long arm of chromosome 1. There is a known gene D10 within this region, the mutation of which causes high-tillering in rice. Sequence analysis of the D10 allele in gsor23 revealed that the base cytosine (C) at the 404^th position in the coding region was deleted, which would cause frameshift mutation after the 134^th amino acids. The mutation site and indica background of gsor23 were different from the previously reported japonica mutants d10-1 and d10-2. Therefore, gsor23 is a novel allelic mutant of D10 which encodes the carotenoid-cleaving dioxygenase 8 (CCD8), a key enzyme involved in the biosynthesis of the new plant hormone strigolactones (SLs). After treatment with GR24, a synthetic analogue of SLs, the high-tillering phenotype of gsor23 was restored to normal. Real-time RT-PCR analysis showed that D10 expression was high in roots, but low in leaves. Compared with the wild type Indica9, the expression of the SL biosynthesis gene D10 was upregulated, while genes likely involved in the SL signal transduction pathway such as D3 and D14 were down-regulated in the gsor23 mutant.     

Studies on the Molecular Structure of Vessels in Secondary Xylem of Stem from Three Carambola Varieties

[Objective] The aim of this study was to provide the theoretical basis for variety identification of carambola and pomiculture.[Method] The molecular structure of vessels in stem secondary xylem from three carambola varieties of Malaysia 8,Misi and Malaysia B17 were studied by cell image analysis system and microphotography.[Result] The molecular structure of vessels in stem secondary xylem from carambola was as follows:the first type had tails in two ends,the second type had tail in one end,and the third type had no tails in two ends.The average length of vessel elements was from 328.88 to 366.09 μm,while its average width was from 44.61 to 52.43 μm.Most of the end wall was simple perforation plates,while the alternate-opposite pitting was the major forms of pitting.[Conclusion] Most characteristics of vessel elements from carambola were evolutionary characters of vessel elements in the process of phylogeny,but there were more primitive characters,for example,both two ends of vessel had tails or just one end had tail,and end wall was inclined.The molecular structure of vessel from carambola was in accordance with its ecological adaptability,and the growth characteristics of different varieties were also in accordance with the difference of molecular structure of vessel.     

影响葡萄花芽分化的主要因素

葡萄是我国的主要栽培果树之一.近年来,葡萄设施栽培发展迅速,但要调节结果期,首先 应 有数量充足且发育质量良好的花芽.因此,首先应对其花芽分化机制有所了解.葡萄的成花 研究,已有一个多世纪的历史[1].本文对影响葡萄花芽分化的因素,分内部因素、外部因素和激素3个方面进行综述.     

云南调味蔬菜发展现状

云南调味蔬菜生产比重逐年提高。传统调味蔬菜在日常餐饮和保健中的地位更加突出；西方餐饮中的香辛类调味蔬菜也开始备受青睐；地方调味蔬菜具有明显的区域性和民族特色。     

竹大片刨片机进料系统结构的改进设计

为了实现高效刨片,在送料过程中减少竹筒的倾斜、搭桥,准确控制送料进给量,提高刨片质量,优化设计了竹大片刨片机的油缸推料进给系统.     

基于PLUS空间决策模型的城镇与农业空间协调布局优化

正确处理好农业空间与城镇空间之间的矛盾，对保障国家粮食安全、促进城镇可持续发展具有重要意义。该研究以江西省赣州市南康区为例，应用GIS技术，在耕地与建设用地适宜性评价的基础上，引入PLUS模型、凸壳模型预测城市扩张范围及类型，初步划定城镇开发边界与永久基本农田布局，并根据城市发展规律和冲突矛盾协调原则，对永久基本农田和城镇开发边界进行优化。结果表明：1）南康区综合质量高的耕地主要集中于唐江镇、镜坝镇、凤岗镇等乡镇；建设开发适宜性评价综合得分由高到低呈现出中心城区向四周乡镇圈层式扩散的分布情况，东山街道、蓉江街道的分值最高。2）PLUS模型预测至2035年南康区新增建设用地为3362.85 hm²（其中城镇建设用地2023.06 hm²），凸壳模型得出南康区扩张类型属于外延型，蓉江街道和东山街道是未来城区扩张发展的重点区域。3）以耕地国家利用等平均值为标准，将农业空间划分为保护区、储备区与一般耕地，当城镇开发边界与保护区发生空间冲突时，调整城镇开发边界，优先保护农田；当城镇开发边界与储备区、一般耕地发生空间冲突时，调出农田，保障城镇发展。研究结果可为耕地资源保护提供参考，为永久基本农田与城镇开发边界优化协调提供借鉴。