重庆市綦江地区秋季不同生境鸟类多样性研究

1999年9-10月,采用样方法对綦江地区森林生境、灌丛生境、农田生境的鸟类群落结构进行调查研究,结果表明：本次调查记录到鸟类79种,分属于9目25科,雀形目鸟类的种数最多,占总数的73．42％。国家Ⅱ级保护鸟类7种,占所观察到鸟类的8．86％。在调查研究的3种生境鸟类多样性从高到低的是农田生境、灌丛生境、森林生境。     

多效唑对2年生沙地柏生长和生理特征的影响研究

多效唑是一种赤霉素抑制剂,通过调控植物的生长、生理过程,提高其抗逆性.文中在盆栽控水的条件下,采用多效唑溶液灌根(0,50,200,400,600,800mg/L),研究多效唑对2年生沙地柏生长和生理特征的影响.结果表明:多效唑显著抑制沙地柏地上部分的生长,增大叶厚,促进地下根系生长;显著增大叶绿素a和b的总含量,减小了叶绿素a/b和水分饱和亏缺,提高光合产物积累、叶片相对含水量及肉质化指数等.多效唑可以提高植物的适应能力和抗逆性,并对提高干旱、半干旱区植被盖度及植被恢复具有重要意义.综合效应最佳处理浓度范围是200～ 600mg/L.     

全日制放牧BMY牛的活体采卵-体外胚胎生产-胚胎移植研究

为建立BMY牛的活体采卵(OPU)-体外胚胎生产(IVP)-胚胎移植(ET)快速扩繁技术体系,从人工草地全放牧牛群中选择健康的经产空怀BMY牛作为供体(n=14)集中OPU一次;卵母细胞经TCM-199体外成熟培养(IVM)、Fert-TALP液体外受精(IVF),受精卵用合成输卵管液(SOF)体外培养(IVC)生产胚胎;BMY牛受体(n=81)用CUE-MATETM孕酮阴道栓+EB+FSH+PG方法同期发情处理,对黄体合格的移植OPU-IVP来源鲜胚。研究结果表明:①OPU头均获卵母细胞23.50枚,获10枚以上卵母细胞的供体占85.7%;IVP的平均囊胚数和可用胚数分别为5.21和4.00枚;OPU前8～9d卵巢上有黄体(CL)的供体,头均获卵母细胞数及IVP的囊胚数、可移植胚数、囊胚率和可移植胚率分别比对照组高7.28枚(P<0.05)、7.29枚(P<0.05)、6.00枚(P<0.05)、27.3%(P<0.01)和23.2%(P<0.01);②受体黄体合格率69.1%(56/81),胚胎移植妊娠率37.5%(21/56),产犊率35.7%(20/56);③受体在胚胎移植时注射GnRH,其妊娠率比对照组高16.2%(P>0.05)。结果显示,BMY母牛具有良好的OPU潜力,但个体间差异较大;可通过严格供体选择及改善IVP技术等措施,实现OPU-IVP效率最大化。CUE-MATETM+EB+FSH+PG同期发情处理方法适于在牛规模化胚胎移植(ET)和人工授精(AI)中应用。综合应用OPU、IVP、同期发情和ET技术是加快优良BMY牛扩繁的重要途径之一。     

水稻雄性不育突变体012S-3的遗传分析和基因定位

雄性不育是水稻杂种优势利用的重要资源,对雄性不育现象的研究具有重要理论意义和实践价值。本研究以自然突变的水稻雄性不育突变体012S-3为试验材料,对其表型特征和花粉育性等进行调查,并构建遗传群体,利用分子标记对目的基因进行初步定位,然后应用基因组重测序技术对其进行精细定位。结果表明,012S-3是一个典型的无花粉普通型雄性不育材料,其不育性状受1对隐性核基因控制。初步定位分析目的基因与SSR标记RM6081存在连锁关系,其遗传距离约为34.4 c M;进一步的精细定位分析,找到3个候选基因:LOC_Os07g35880、LOC_Os07g35920和LOC_Os07g35940,其中LOC_Os07g35880和LOC_Os07g35940编码β-淀粉酶,属于水稻中新发现的花粉致死基因。该不育基因的成功定位为其进一步的分离克隆及其在水稻分子设计育种中的应用奠定了基础。     

A reactive pattern of ischemia-induced nestin protein in the rat brain

AIM:To explore the expressive profile of nestin protein in the focal ischemic brain and to study the recovery mechanism of brain focal infarct.METHODS:Cellular morphology,time-course and distribution pattern of nestin positive response were immunohistochemically examined in different brain regions of 36 adult male SD rats. RESULTS:Nestin positive response of different brain regions in sham operated rats was present in small- and micro-vasculartures and the third ventricle bottom and ependyma. A large number of nestin positive cells were detected in ischemic brain, and were more remarkable in the cortical areas of parietal lobe and preoptic area as well as ischemic caudoputamen. Stellate nestin positive cells were located in the deep layer of ischemic cortex, but fibrillary cells were located in the shallow layer. Nestin positive cells in the ischemic caudoputamen showed the same changes of morphology as those cells in the deep layer of ischemic cortex. Morphological and number alterations of nestin positive cells were the most remarkable at 1 weeks post-ischemia, which showed more hypertrophy and proliferation in morphology, and a marked increase in number was present in the ischemic cerebral cortex and the ischemic caudoputamen. These alterations of nestin positive cells persisted up to 6 weeks post-ischemia, and then, the nestin positive response in the ischemic brain decreased gradually.CONCLUSION:Focal cerebral ischemia induces nestin re-expression on reactive astrocytes, which may be very important to the self-recovery of cerebral infarct.     

文心兰开花相关OnAP1-like基因的克隆及表达分析

以南茜文心兰（Gower Ramsey）盛花期花葶提取的总RNA为模板,通过RT-PCR与RACE扩增,获得一个958 bp的AP1（APETALA1）-like基因的cDNA全长序列,其基因编码区690 bp,共编码氨基酸229个,命名为OnAP1-like（登录号：KC426946）。蛋白质二级结构分析表明,该蛋白质48.91%为α螺旋,10.92%为β折叠,40.17%为无规则卷曲,为亲水性蛋白质。蛋白序列比对和进化树分析表明,OnAP1-like 蛋白与蕙兰AP1-like蛋白一致性最高,进化距离最近。利用RT-qPCR对从文心兰不同时期不同器官中的OnAP1-like基因表达量进行分析,结果表明,同一器官不同发育时期比较,在叶中,花蕾期的表达量最高;在根中,随发育时间推移,表达量逐渐升高,至花后期达到最高;在花葶中的表达量的趋势与根相同。同一时期不同器官比较,抽葶前,根中表达量高于叶片;花蕾期,花瓣中的表达量最高;盛花期和花后期,花葶中的表达量最高。推测该基因在花的发育及形成中发挥作用。     

苏太仔猪FUT1基因M307位点多态性与F18大肠杆菌抗病相关性的体外鉴定

采用PCR-RFLP方法检测了江苏苏太断奶仔猪FUT1基因M307位点等位基因多态性分布,在所检的49头仔猪中,GG基因型个体16头,AG基因型19头,AA基因型14头。在此基础上,制备上述不同基因型个体仔猪小肠上皮细胞,分别与表达F18ab菌毛的野生型大肠杆菌、表达F18ac菌毛含fed操纵子全基因的重组大肠杆菌和V型系统表面分泌表达F18abFedF亚单位的重组大肠杆菌进行体外黏附试验和黏附抑制试验。研究结果表明:FUT1基因M307位点中GG型和AG型仔猪小肠上皮细胞均能黏附上述3种大肠杆菌,而AA型个体小肠上皮细胞则不能黏附。将上述3种大肠杆菌分别与抗F18ab菌毛高免血清、F18ac菌毛高免血清及抗F18abFedF亚单位单因子血清作用后,则失去黏附仔猪肠上皮细胞能力。上述结果对苏太猪从体外试验上证明了FUT1基因M307位点多态性与断奶仔猪腹泻和水肿病存在着直接的相关性。     

巫溪红池坝改良草地鼠类调查报告

对重庆巫溪红池坝改良草地中鼠形动物的种类进行抽样调查、室内饲养、解剖鼠胃和洞道研究，结果显示，该改良草地中有鼠形动物2目3科4种，其对草地危害方式和为害程度均不一样。提出了改良草地中鼠害的防治措施。     

Effect of urea supplementation on performance and safety in diets of Dorper crossbred sheep

This study was conducted to evaluate the efficacy and safety of dietary urea in sheep rations having a 50:50 concentrate:roughage ratio. Sixty‐four Dorper × thin‐tailed Han crossbred ram lambs with an average body weight of 30.8 (±0.02) kg were randomly divided into four groups of 16 sheep each, and each group was fed one of the following diets: a basal diet (CON), or CON supplemented with 0.5% (0.5UTM), 1.5% (1.5UTM) or 2.5% (2.5UTM) urea. Growth performance, carcass characteristics, non‐carcass offals, meat quality and peptic tissue lesions were assayed. The average daily weight gains for CON, 0.5UTM, 1.5UTM and 2.5UTM were 216, 218, 200 and 170 g, respectively, with the CON and 0.5UTM groups higher than 2.5UTM group (p < 0.05). Sheep from the 2.5UTM treatment had a significantly lower dry matter intake (1.29 kg/day) than those from the CON and 0.5UTM treatments (1.42 and 1.43 kg/day, p < 0.05), and the feed conversion ratio in the 2.5UTM group was the highest (p < 0.05). Carcass characteristics, including shrunk body weight, empty body weight, hot carcass weight, dress percentage, and the absolute or relative weight (% body weight) of heart, liver, spleen, lung and kidney, were not altered by the treatments (p > 0.05). The muscular pH of 2.5UTM was higher than that of CON (5.68 vs. 5.52, p < 0.05), and shear force in 0.5UTM was lower compared with CON and 2.5UTM (p < 0.05). The anatomical structure lesions in kidneys became more serious with the increasing dietary urea concentrations, with the 2.5UTM animals showing the most severe lesions compared with CON animals. Therefore, supplementary urea as a non‐protein nitrogen source for sheep should not exceed 1.5% of ration having a 50:50 concentrate:roughage ratio to ensure efficacy and safety.     

几种大量元素对银杏愈伤组织细胞生长及黄酮醇糖苷含量的影响

以MS＋NAA1mg/L KT2mg/L为基本培养基,研究了不同浓度的5种大量元素对银杏愈伤组织的细胞生长及其黄酮醇糖苷含量的基本培养基,研究了不同浓度的5种大量元素与细胞生长率呈负相关;KNO3浓度对细胞生长率影响不大,但对黄酮醇糖苷含量影响明显;随着MgSO4浓度的增加,细胞生长率和黄酮醇糖苷的含量呈现同步变化;随CaCl2浓度的变化,细胞生长率和黄酮醇糖苷含量呈负相关。