维生素A对肉牛脂肪沉积及其调控的研究进展

维生素A是肉牛维持正常生理功能、生化代谢及生长发育所必需的一类脂溶性维生素，机体自身不能合成，必须由饲粮供给。饲粮中维生素A不仅影响肉牛视觉和骨骼发育，也对肉牛脂肪沉积和肌肉大理石花纹形成等发挥着重要调控作用。在生产中，肉牛处在不同生理阶段对维生素A的需要量也不同，胎牛和犊牛阶段补充维生素A可增强肌内脂肪细胞发育和脂肪细胞增生，促进肌内脂肪沉积；育肥期限饲维生素A可提高肉牛的肌内脂肪沉积和大理石花纹等级。大理石花纹与牛肉的嫩度和风味密切相关，是衡量牛肉品质的重要指标。维生素A在肉牛体内通过其活性代谢产物视黄醇、视黄醛和视黄酸促进脂肪的形成，并在成脂定型、成脂分化和脂质蓄积的每个阶段都发挥重要作用。脂肪沉积过程受转录因子过氧化物酶体增殖物激活受体（peroxisome proliferator-activated receptors，PPARs）、CCAAT增强子结合蛋白（CCAAT-enhancer binding proteins，C/EBPs）和Janus激酶-信号转导及转录激活因子（JAK-STAT）信号转导通路等调控。表观遗传修饰的DNA甲基化和去甲基化也可通过调控脂肪形成过程中相关基因的表达参与脂肪细胞的分化和脂肪组织的生长发育，从而影响肉牛的脂肪沉积。作者主要介绍了脂肪组织不同阶段的形成过程和维生素A的生物学功能；重点阐述了肉牛在不同生理阶段补充和限饲维生素A，通过转录因子的表达、表观遗传修饰等途径来影响成脂相关信号通路调控脂肪沉积的机理，以期为促进维生素A改善肉牛品质和高档牛肉生产提供参考。     

Influence of salinity and moisture on the threshold shear velocity of saline sand in the Qarhan Desert,Qaidam Basin of China: A wind tunnel experiment

Determination of the threshold shear velocity is essential for predicting sand transport, dust release and desertification. In this study, a wind tunnel experiment was conducted to evaluate the influence of salinity and moisture on the threshold shear velocity of saline sand. Saline sand samples (mean particle size of 164.50-186.08 μm and the total silt, clay and salt content of 0.80%-8.25%) were collected from three saline sand dunes (one barchan dune and two linear dunes) in the Qarhan Desert, Qaidam Basin of China. Original saline sand samples were placed in two experimental trays for wet and dry processing to simulate deliquescence and desiccation, respectively. Surface moisture content ranging from 0.30% to 1.90% was generated by the steam method so that the saline sand can absorb water in a saturated water vapor environment. The motion of sand particles was determined by the observers with a solid laser. The laser sheet (0.80 cm thick), which was emitted by the solid laser, horizontally covered the sand surface and was bound to the sand. Results show that the cohesion of saline sand results from a combination of salt and water. The threshold shear velocity increases exponentially with the increase in crust thickness for the linear sand dunes. There is a positive linear correlation between the original moisture content and relative threshold shear velocity. The threshold shear velocity of dewatered sand is greater than that of wet sand with the same original moisture content. Our results will provide valuable information about the sand transport of highly saline soil in the desert.     

高校图书馆创客空间服务质量评价指标的构建——以沈阳工业大学图书馆为例

高校图书馆创客空间服务是近年来图书馆界响应国家政策、适应社会发展趋势的一项创新举措,推动了图书馆的转型与变革。文章首先建立了文献研究的服务质量评价体系,并通过专家访谈对其进行了修改,然后通过问卷调查探讨沈阳工业大学图书馆创客空间现状与读者满意度,最后通过实证分析验证此评价体系的可行性。     

马链球菌兽疫亚种烯醇化酶对小鼠肺泡巨噬细胞吞噬功能的影响

旨在研究马链球菌兽疫亚种（Streptococcus equi ssp.zooepidemicus，SEZ）烯醇化酶（enolase，Eno）对小鼠肺泡巨噬细胞（RAW264.7）吞噬能力的影响。通过构建原核表达质粒获得重组烯醇化酶（rEno），采用台盼蓝活细胞计数法，判定在不同处理浓度和时间下rEno蛋白对RAW264.7细胞的细胞毒性。将rEno蛋白与RAW264.7细胞共孵育后，用SEZ作用于细胞并检测细胞吞菌数量，判断RAW264.7细胞对SEZ的吞噬活性。进一步通过活细胞稳定同位素标记技术（SILAC）和蛋白质谱分析技术（LC-MS/MS），筛选到RAW264.7细胞中可能与SEZ Eno存在相互作用的候选蛋白。结果发现，10 μg·mL^-1 rEno蛋白处理对RAW264.7细胞有明显的细胞毒性，且10 μg·mL^-1 rEno蛋白处理RAW264.7细胞2和4 h可显著抑制其对SEZ的吞噬作用（P<0.01、P<0.05）。初步筛选到RAW264.7细胞中动力蛋白激活蛋白亚单位蛋白（dynactin subunit protein 2，Dctn）、整合素α-M蛋白（integrin alpha-M）等17种可能与Eno发生互作的蛋白。本研究获得了rEno重组表达蛋白，发现rEno可减少RAW264.7细胞对SEZ的吞噬，互作蛋白的初步筛选也为进一步揭示Eno在SEZ抗吞噬中的作用机制奠定了基础。     

猫传染性腹膜炎研究进展

猫传染性腹膜炎是一种全身性、致死性的病毒性疾病,为幼猫和青年猫死亡的主要原因之一。近年来,该病在世界各地广泛流行,并呈一定的上升趋势。越来越多的学者对其进行了研究与探索,但其致病与免疫机制仍未完全清楚。本文从病原学、发病机制、流行病学、临床症状、诊断与治疗以及免疫与预防等方面对猫传染性腹膜炎进行全面的阐述,为该病的科学诊治与防控提供参考和指导。     

高温闷棚技术在大棚辣椒连作生产上的应用

为研究大棚辣椒土传病害绿色防控技术,选择不同的高温闷棚杀菌方法,以本地传统的高温炕地杀菌方法为对照,调查不同处理对地温和土壤pH值的影响,调查不同处理大棚辣椒的根结线虫、疫病、枯萎病、青枯病和根腐病的发生为害情况,测量大棚辣椒产量。结果表明,应用石灰氮、覆盖地膜和大棚膜进行高温闷棚对大棚辣椒土传病害有较好的防治效果。     

基层常见猪传染性腹泻病的临床诊断与防控对策

猪传染性腹泻病是猪的常见多发病。基于受基层单位病原检测技术的条件限制,一旦发生传染性腹泻病,基层兽医通常依据临床症状做出初步诊断与治疗,如果临床经验稍有不足,误诊、误治或延误诊治的现象时有发生。为此梳理出了常见的12种猪传染性腹泻病临床诊断要点与综合防治措施,以防止其重大疾病的发生。     

Analysis on Target Genes with Mutation in microRNA of Blue-shelled Chicken and White Leghorn

The study was conducted to explore the potential different characters between Blue-shelled chicken and White leghorn.Global genome microRNA was combined the identified microRNA with complementary lab-predicted microRNA.Then the two breed chicken's SNP data got by GGRS were mapped to the microRNA and focused on SNP that deliberately located in mature-microRNA.Bioinformatics method was adopted for target prediction on microRNA which had SNPs.By further gene enrichment analysis,the study found these genes enriched in 22 GO terms,10 KEGG pathways,and 3 IPA important networks.And they enriched in traits which associated with growth,such as mTOR signaling pathways,Wnt signaling pathways,growth hormone receptor networks and insulin-like growth factor Ⅰ receptor networks.And they also enriched in some laying traits,such as oocyte meiotic signaling pathways and progesterone mature oocytes signaling pathways.The methods and the results might provide references for further studies.     

基于InVEST模型的淅川县森林资源土壤保持功能评估

以人地关系紧张的淅川县为研究对象,采用Invest模型评估了2014年淅川县森林资源土壤保持功能。结果表明:1)土壤保持功能较好的地区主要分布于西北部,土壤保持功能较差的地区主要分布于东南部;2)森林覆盖高的区域,土壤保持功能远高于森林覆盖低的区域;3)各地类年均土壤保持量大小顺序为有林地﹥灌木林地﹥疏林地﹥苗圃地﹥未成林地。     

2018年进口奶牛检疫情况分析

随着十多年的超速发展,我国奶牛业已由单一品种的散养方式逐步转变为高产品种的规模化、集约化养殖方式。然而,我国奶牛整体遗传素质不高,多为进口高产奶牛与地方奶牛的低代次改良品种,以致原奶质量参差不齐,严重制约了我国奶业的健康发展。因此,大规模引进高品质的奶牛品种,已成为我国优化奶牛基因、推动畜牧业产业化发展的重要抓手,但同时也为检疫工作带来了挑战。本文通过分析2018年我国进口奶牛数量、来源国、疫病检出、进境口岸及隔离检疫场分布等数据,结合各来源国的疫病防控特点,有针对性地提出检疫要点,为我国全面提升进口奶牛的检疫水平、切实做好奶牛群体遗传改良计划、加快推进畜牧业转型升级提供参考。