肉兔常见寄生虫病的防治

寄生虫有着复杂的生活史,与之相对应的兔寄生虫病更是种类繁多,对此类疾病处理不当会造成严重的损失。文章综述了生产中兔寄生虫病的常见类型及各种病症的流行特点、临床症状,并结合实际经验对其提出了预防及治疗措施。     

限饲和自由采食条件下色氨酸对仔猪生长性能和血清尿素氮的影响

色氨酸在仔猪的玉米-豆粕型或玉米-鱼粉型饲粮中是第二限制性氨基酸。仔猪饲粮中添加色氨酸能够促进采食量的增加,提高仔猪的生长性能。试验选取32头28日龄断奶体重约为(8.63±0.79)kg法系长白阉公猪,2×2因子设计,分为4个处理,每个处理8个重复,每个重复1头猪,试验期为21天。采取限饲和自由采食饲喂方式,研究两个不同色氨酸浓度的饲粮(0.12%,0.26%)对仔猪生长性能的影响。在试验的第一周,饲喂方式之间的日增重差异极显著(P<0.01),不同色氨酸水平之间的日增重没有显著差异,饲喂方式和饲粮色氨酸水平之间没有互作效应。第二周,饲喂方式和饲粮色氨酸水平都对仔猪日增重有显著影响(P<0.05),料重比在自由采食情况下极显著高于限饲情况(P<0.01),饲喂方式和饲粮色氨酸水平没有互作关系。限饲组和自由采食组饲喂0.26%色氨酸饲粮的仔猪日增重高于0.12%组(P<0.05和P<0.01),料重比明显低于饲喂0.12%色氨酸饲粮组(P<0.05和P<0.01)。第三周的结果和第二周相似。整个试验期饲喂方式和饲粮色氨酸水平对仔猪日增重和料重比都有极显著或显著影响,但两者没有互作效应。限饲组和自由采食组中,饲喂0.26%色氨酸饲粮组的仔猪日增重极显著高于饲喂0.12%色氨酸饲粮组仔猪(P<0.01),同时不同饲喂方式之间日增重差异极显著(P<0.01);饲喂0.26%色氨酸饲粮的仔猪料重比极显著低于饲喂0.12%色氨酸饲粮的仔猪(P<0.01)。限饲条件下色氨酸水平由0.12%升高到0.26%,仔猪血清尿素氮水平由15.37mg/mL下降到12.13mg/mL,差异显著(P<0.05);同样在自由采食条件下血清尿素氮明显下降(P<0.05),由原来的16mg/mL降到11.38mg/mL。结论,在其他营养素进食相同条件下,增加饲粮色氨酸量能够提高仔猪日增重和饲料报酬,降低血清尿素氮,说明色氨酸本身对仔猪的生长和代谢有一定的作用;在自由采食情况下,增加饲粮色氨酸量还可提高仔猪采食量,结合其本身促生长作用,能显著提高仔猪生长性能。     

2例犬死亡原因的实验室诊断

对昆明某犬场2例死亡犬的死亡原因进行实验室鉴定。采集犬肠内容物分别做细菌和病毒检测。细菌检测包括:犬肠内容物划线培养,纯化,分离,革兰氏染色,镜检,生化试验,血清试验,药敏试验。病毒检测包括:提取病料的总DNA,用犬细小病毒的特异引物进行PCR扩增,扩增产物经胶回收后克隆到pMD18-T载体,转化受体菌DH5α,挑取阳性克隆质粒进行序列测定,并与已知参考毒株序列进行比对,分析核苷酸的同源性。分离到一株有部分耐药性的侵袭性大肠埃希菌;检测到一株犬细小病毒,由引物P1/P2扩增的基因与参考毒株CPV-b同源性为98.58%,由引物P3/P4扩增的基因与参考毒株CPV-b同源性为92.1%。结果表明,2例死亡犬的死亡原因分别为侵袭性大肠埃希菌感染和犬细小病毒感染。     

不同淀粉来源对生长猪氮代谢及血液部分生化指标的影响

本文旨在研究日粮淀粉来源对生长猪氮代谢和血液中部分生化指标的影响.试验选择17头体重(21.09±0.72)kg的杜×长×大三元杂交阉公猪,以玉米、早籼稻糙米、糯米和抗性淀粉作为淀粉来源,配合4个等氮、等能、等淀粉试验日粮和1个无氮日粮,进行1个按5×5拉丁方设计的氮代谢试验和1个为期8 d的单因子饲养试验.结果表明,抗性淀粉组蛋白质表观和真消化率均最低,表观消化率分别比玉米组、糯米组、糙米组低9.28%、11.31%和11.05%(P<0.05),真消化率分别低8.79%、10.80%和10.50%(P<0.05);蛋白质沉积率以玉米组最高,分别比抗性淀粉、糯米和糙米日粮组高25.98%(P<0.05)、1.32%(P>0.05)和1.37%(P>0.05).血液生化指标分析结果显示,抗性淀粉组试验猪的血液中葡萄糖、胰岛素浓度及胰岛素/血糖变化比较平稳,其他各组采食后升高幅度较大,1 h后达到高峰;其中糯米组采食后1 h血液中葡萄糖、胰岛素含量及胰岛素/血糖最高,分别为1.21 mg/mL、52.35μU/mL和43.27μU/mg,显著高于其他各组(P<0.05).由结果可知,日粮淀粉来源影响生长猪氮代谢和血液部分生化指标,抗性淀粉组的血糖和胰岛素变化幅度较小,蛋白质的沉积率也较低.     

氨基脲人工抗原的合成及其多克隆抗体的制备

目的合成氨基脲人工抗原并制备其多克隆抗体。方法以氨基脲(SEM)和对醛基苯甲酸(CP)为原料合成半抗原(CP-SEM),并采用碳化二亚胺法和混合酸酐法将其分别与牛血清白蛋白(BSA)和鸡卵清蛋白(OVA)偶联,合成氨基脲人工抗原。以氨基脲人工抗原(CPSEM-BSA)为免疫原免疫Balb/c小鼠,利用间接ELISA法测定其抗体效价。结果经薄层层析、红外光谱和元素分析等方法鉴定合成半抗原即为CP-SEM。紫外扫描、聚丙烯酰胺凝胶电泳结果表明人工抗原合成成功。免疫获得抗氨基脲的多克隆抗体,其抗体效价为1:64000。结论氨基脲人工抗原合成成功,并获得抗氨基脲的多克隆抗体。     

The Productive Performance and the Correlation Analysis Between Hatchability and Egg Quality in Jiangxi Green-eggshell Layers

The purpose of this study was to provide the reference to Jiangxi Green-eggshell breeding through the analysis of laying performance, hatchability and egg quality in the first generation of Jiangxi Green-eggshell layers at 300-days old. 306 Jiangxi Green-eggshell layers and 80 eggs were selected to determine the laying performance, hatchability and egg quality among families, and the correlation between the hatchability and egg quality were analyzed also. The results were as fellows:The average body weight of these hens was 1 596.99 g, the average egg weight was 50.57 g, the average egg-laying number was 14.53, the average fertility rate was 93.69%, the average dead fertile egg rate was 5.55%, the average healthy chick rate was 84.3%, the average dead embryo egg rate was 13.9%, the average egg shape index was 1.28, the average Haugh unit was 71.77, and the average eggshell strength was 4.44 kg/cm². The healthy chick rate and the egg weight had significant correlation,as well as the eggshell color and the egg shape index (P < 0.05). The healthy chick rate had extremely significantly correlation with the dead fertile egg rate(P < 0.01), as well as the eggshell strength and the eggshell thickness (P < 0.01). Generally, the first generation of Jiangxi Green-eggshell layers had good egg quality, higher laying performance and hatchability, but they still need to be further selected.     

Effects of Photoperiod on Stem Cells Activation in Cashmere Goat Hair Follicles

In order to extend the anagen of cashmere goat hair follicles and increase the production of cashmere,this study was performed with artificially shorten the daylight time among Arbas White cashmere goats. Skin tissue sections from cashmere goats were collected to compare the morphologic changes between artificial daylight and natural daylight,and immunohistochemical method was used to study the hair follicle cell proliferation and important protein expression in related signaling pathways. The results showed that strong cell proliferation occurred in cashmere goat hair follicle cells during artificial daylight,plenty of cytokeratin 15 (K15) positive signals were distributed in the outer root sheath,β-catenin protein was actively expressed in hair matrix and root sheath, indicating that the hair follicles were in the anagen growth phase;Meanwhile,cashmere goat hair follicles under natural daylight were in telogen with weak signals. Above all prove that short photoperiod played an important role in promoting hair follicle growth,the artificial short photoperiod could change hair follicle growth cycle and make hair follicles earlier enter to the anagen growth phase,causing a variety of typical gene expressions during hair follicle growth.     

日粮不同蛋白质水平对三元肥育猪生产性能和胴体品质的影响

本文旨在研究不同日粮蛋白质水平对三元肥育猪生产性能、血液参数、胴体性状和肉质性状的影响.试验选取36头杜长大三元杂交猪,体重约为(47±4.2)kg,随机分为3个处理,每个处理12个重复,各处理分别饲喂低(12.9%)、中(15.4%)、高(18.7%)3个蛋白质水平日粮.试验第46天后,分别检测血液生化指标、激素水平、胴体品质和肉质性状.结果显示,3个日粮蛋白质水平对日增重、采食量、料重比及胴体品质和肉质性状均无影响(P>0.05);血清碱性磷酸酶、低密度脂蛋白、甘油三酯、胆固醇、谷丙转氨酶、谷草转氨酶、血清尿素氮以及生长激素均以中蛋白质水平组最高;随着日粮蛋白质水平的增加,肥育猪血清胰高血糖素有降低的趋势(P=0.089).以上结果表明,日粮蛋白质水平降低到12.9%并不影响肥育猪生长性能、胴体品质和肉质性状.     

犬猫剖腹产手术的操作程序及体会

犬、猫难产是动物门诊较为常见的犬猫疾病之一,随着社会发展,看厂(场)护院的大型犬、家庭饲养的宠物犬猫不断增多,因缺乏科学的饲养管理,犬猫因难产施行剖腹产手术的越来越多。笔者就近几年来西北农林科技大学动物医院犬猫剖腹产手术共98例,其中犬66例,猫32例,成功93例(其中犬63例,猫30例,成功率94.90%)。现就犬猫剖腹产手术的适应症、操作程序(手术术式和术后护理)及手术体会进行分述,供同行参考。     

PRRSV云南株的分离与鉴定

从云南某猪场采取病料经RT-PCR检测为猪繁殖与呼吸综合征病毒(PRRS)阳性,将其处理后接种到猪肺泡巨噬细胞(PAM)和Marc-145细胞上。接种后3 d,猪肺巨噬细胞开始出现细胞病变(CPE);Marc-145细胞盲传3代后,细胞也出现了CPE。对出现CPE的细胞培养物,用RT-PCR法、间接免疫荧光试验进行检测,结果均为PRRSV阳性;细胞培养物经PEG初步浓缩后,接种到PRRSV阴性,PRV、CSFV抗体阳性的仔猪,15 d后猪只出现体温升高并伴有食欲减退,精神不振等症状。采血并用同上的RT-PCR法检测,结果为阳性;采血用同上的RT-PCR法检测,结果亦为阳性;用电镜对纯化后的病毒进行观察,可见有囊膜包裹的圆形病毒粒子,其直径约为50 nm;间接免疫荧光实验可见黄色荧光;TCID50测定其毒价为10-4.75/0.1 mL。该病毒对氯仿、紫外线、酸碱度变化(pH5.0或pH7.5)和热敏感;结果表明,已成功分离获得一株PRRSV云南地方流行毒株,命名为YN-1。