草地贪夜蛾Sf9细胞对饥饿诱导自噬的响应

为研究草地贪夜蛾对饥饿诱导自噬的响应。从草地贪夜蛾EST数据库中筛选到一段核苷酸序列,设计特异性引物,RT-PCR技术从草地贪夜蛾Sf9细胞中扩增该核苷酸序列,经过生物信息学分析该序列与昆虫自噬相关基因ATG8同源性最高,命名为SfATG8基因,并构建了pIEX-4-mCherry-EGFP-SfATG8载体转染Sf9细胞。Sf9细胞经饥饿(PBS)诱导4 h后,Lyso-Tracker染色、Western Blotting、共聚焦显微镜检测细胞对自噬的响应程度。结果表明,经饥饿(PBS)诱导4 h的Sf9细胞中出现Sf Atg8-PE的表达,共聚焦显微镜检测到Sf9细胞膜上的自噬小体。以上证据证实饥饿(PBS)能诱导Sf9细胞发生自噬,为深入研究Sf9细胞对自噬的响应奠定了基础。     

浅埋滴灌水氮运筹对春玉米产量及水分利用效率的影响

采用二因素二次饱和D-最优设计,于2016-2017年在辽西半干旱区移动遮雨棚内进行了水氮精量控制试验,设灌溉量和施氮量2个因素,灌溉量分别设145.4、271.7、348.2、436.2 mm 4个水平,施氮量分别设0、84.6、136.1、195.0 kg·hm^-2 4个水平,共6个处理。试验分析了水氮交互作用对春玉米产量和水分利用效率的影响,建立了产量回归模型。研究结果表明：浅埋滴灌条件下,灌溉量在145.4~350.5 mm时,春玉米产量随灌溉量的增加而增高至11 005.60 kg·hm^-2;灌溉量在350.5~436.2 mm时,产量随灌溉量的增加而降低至10 730.09 kg·hm^-2;施氮量在0~146.9 kg·hm^-2时,产量随施氮量的增加而增高至10 983.19 kg·hm^-2,施氮量在146.9~195.0 kg·hm^-2时,产量随施氮量的增加而降低至10 862.39 kg·hm^-2。灌溉量因素的影响大于施氮量,水氮之间有明显的正向交互效应,当灌溉量为373.1 mm,施氮量为165.6 kg·hm^-2时产量最高。作物耗水量在拔节-抽雄期和灌浆-收获期较大,分别为115.64、127.50 mm;水分利用效率随灌溉量的增加呈逐渐降低趋势,降低幅度达到52.21%,随着施氮量的增加则呈先升高后降低趋势,增幅为14.73%~20.08%;其中处理6（灌溉量348.2 mm,施氮量195.0 kg·hm^-2)最利于水分利用效率的提高。综合产量和水分利用效率两方面的因素,初步建立了春玉米浅埋滴灌水氮施用优化模式,参数组合为灌溉量348.2 mm、施氮量165.6 kg·hm^-2。     

稻曲病菌Six1类效应蛋白UvSix1-1的功能研究

 稻曲病菌在侵染过程中会分泌大量的效应蛋白来帮助其侵染。本研究鉴定到一个稻曲病菌效应蛋白UvSix1-1,同源序列比对及系统发育分析发现其具有Six1蛋白保守的氨基酸位点,并与多个病原菌中的Six1蛋白具有同源性。进一步研究发现UvSix1-1可以抑制Bax、XEG1和INF1引起的烟草叶片细胞坏死,并且其预测的信号肽区域具有分泌功能,在烟草上瞬时表达UvSix1-1可以促进辣椒疫霉的定殖。对不同稻曲菌株中的序列进行分析,没有发现序列多态性,说明该基因非常保守。以上研究结果表明,UvSix1-1在病原菌侵染过程中发挥作用,研究结果为稻曲病菌效应蛋白的研究提供参考。     

草莓丝核菌根腐病病原菌鉴定及7种杀菌剂的抑菌作用测定

为了解草莓丝核菌根腐病的病原种类及筛选防治丝核菌根腐病的有效杀菌剂,本研究基于形态学特征、细胞核荧光染色、菌丝融合群测定以及rDNA-ITS的序列分析,对北京和河北承德地区的草莓丝核菌根腐病的病原菌进行了鉴定,并利用菌丝生长速率法测定了7种杀菌剂对丝核菌的抑菌作用。结果发现,北京地区的丝核菌为双核丝核菌(binucleate Rhizoctonia,BNR),属于融合群AG-A;河北的丝核菌为立枯丝核菌Rhizoctonia solani,属于融合群AG-4。氟啶胺、吡唑醚菌酯、噻呋酰胺、戊唑醇、咯菌腈、氟硅唑对2种丝核菌均有很强的抑制作用,EC_(50)值为0.063 9～2.485 7μg/mL,抑霉唑的抑制作用较差,EC_(50)值为9.966 8～11.236 8μg/mL。同一种杀菌剂对不同丝核菌的抑制作用存在差异,噻呋酰胺、戊唑醇、氟硅唑、咯菌腈和抑霉唑对立枯丝核菌的抑制作用强于对双核丝核菌。试验结果为生产上合理选用杀菌剂防治草莓丝核菌根腐病提供了科学依据。     

Shikonin inhibits neuronal apoptosis induced by OGD through targeting PI3K/Akt signaling pathway

AIM: To explore the effect of shikonin on rat primary cortical neurons in oxygen-glucose deprivation (OGD)-induced injury model.METHODS: The neurons were pretreated with shikonin at different concentrations (0.02, 0.2, 2 and 20 μmol/L) followed by treatment with OGD. Lactate dehydrogenase (LDH) release assay and fluorescein diacetate/propidium iodide (FDA/PI) double staining were used to detect neuronal viability and apoptosis, and then the optimal concentration of shikonin was determined. LY294002 (PI3K/Akt signaling pathway inhibitor, 1 μmol/L) was added before the addition of shikonin, and the protein level of p-Akt (Ser473) in the neurons was determined by Wes-tern blot. LDH release assay and FDA/PI double staining were also used to detect neuronal viability and apoptosis.RESULTS: A certain concentration (0.2~20 μmol/L) of shikonin increased the viability of impaired neurons (P<0.05) and the protein level of p-Akt (Ser473) in the neurons (P<0.05). The effect of shikonin on neuronal p-Akt (Ser473) levels and the cell death were blocked by LY294002 (P<0.05).CONCLUSION: A certain concentration of shikonin reduces OGD-induced apoptosis of rat primary cortical neurons by activating PI3K/Akt signaling pathway.     

Effect of beclin-1 gene silencing on TuAKe-injured gastric cancer SGC-7901 cells

AIM: To observe the effect of beclin-1 silencing by the technique of RNA interference on the injury of human gastric cancer SGC-7901 cell by Sheliugu extract (the extract from tuber of Amorphophallus konjac, TuAKe). METHODS: To knock down the expression of beclin-1 gene, SGC-7901 cells were transfected with lentiviral vector carrying beclin-1-shRNA. The beclin-1 gene knock-down and non-knock-down SGC-7901 cells were treated with TuAKe. The cell viability was analyzed by CKK-8 assay. The percentages of apoptotic cells were detected by flow cytometry. The expression of beclin-1 and LC3 was detected by Western blot. RESULTS: The beclin-1 gene silencing decreased the protein expression of beclin-1 and increased the protein expression of LC3 in the SGC-7901 cells, leading to the decrease in cell viability and the increase in apoptotic rate (P<0.05). TuAKe increased the protein expression of beclin-1 and LC3 in the SGC-7901 cells, and decreased the protein expression of LC3 in the SGC-7901 cells with beclin-1 gene silencing, thus inhibiting the cell viability and increasing the apoptotic rate (P<0.05). CONCLUSION: Beclin-1 gene silencing inhibits the activation of beclin-1-related signaling pathway in gastric cancer SGC-7901 cells, and aggravates the injury of cell viability induced by TuAKe.     

紫花苜蓿不同种植布局对苹果害虫及其天敌的影响

为探究紫花苜蓿不同种植布局对苹果园害虫及天敌的影响,在山东省沂水市苹果园设置了紫花苜蓿逐行、隔1行和隔2行种植的布局方式,以自然生草区为对照,系统调查了4种生草方式苹果园果树上和生草上害虫及天敌的发生动态。结果表明:害虫的调查总量,紫花苜蓿逐行种植区最少,比隔1行种植区少20.29%,比隔2行种植区少48.53%,比自然生草区少49.91%;苹果树上天敌的调查总量,紫花苜蓿隔1行种植区最多,是逐行种植区的1.13倍、隔2行种植区的1.29倍、自然生草区的1.78倍;生草上天敌的调查总量,紫花苜蓿逐行种植区最多,是隔1行种植区的1.05倍、隔2行种植区的1.19倍、自然生草区的1.66倍;益害比方面,紫花苜蓿逐行种植区和隔1行种植区的益害比明显高于其他生草区。综合防治效果和种植成本,紫花苜蓿隔1行种植的布局方式更合理。