2例犬死亡原因的实验室诊断

对昆明某犬场2例死亡犬的死亡原因进行实验室鉴定。采集犬肠内容物分别做细菌和病毒检测。细菌检测包括:犬肠内容物划线培养,纯化,分离,革兰氏染色,镜检,生化试验,血清试验,药敏试验。病毒检测包括:提取病料的总DNA,用犬细小病毒的特异引物进行PCR扩增,扩增产物经胶回收后克隆到pMD18-T载体,转化受体菌DH5α,挑取阳性克隆质粒进行序列测定,并与已知参考毒株序列进行比对,分析核苷酸的同源性。分离到一株有部分耐药性的侵袭性大肠埃希菌;检测到一株犬细小病毒,由引物P1/P2扩增的基因与参考毒株CPV-b同源性为98.58%,由引物P3/P4扩增的基因与参考毒株CPV-b同源性为92.1%。结果表明,2例死亡犬的死亡原因分别为侵袭性大肠埃希菌感染和犬细小病毒感染。     

不同淀粉来源对生长猪氮代谢及血液部分生化指标的影响

本文旨在研究日粮淀粉来源对生长猪氮代谢和血液中部分生化指标的影响.试验选择17头体重(21.09±0.72)kg的杜×长×大三元杂交阉公猪,以玉米、早籼稻糙米、糯米和抗性淀粉作为淀粉来源,配合4个等氮、等能、等淀粉试验日粮和1个无氮日粮,进行1个按5×5拉丁方设计的氮代谢试验和1个为期8 d的单因子饲养试验.结果表明,抗性淀粉组蛋白质表观和真消化率均最低,表观消化率分别比玉米组、糯米组、糙米组低9.28%、11.31%和11.05%(P<0.05),真消化率分别低8.79%、10.80%和10.50%(P<0.05);蛋白质沉积率以玉米组最高,分别比抗性淀粉、糯米和糙米日粮组高25.98%(P<0.05)、1.32%(P>0.05)和1.37%(P>0.05).血液生化指标分析结果显示,抗性淀粉组试验猪的血液中葡萄糖、胰岛素浓度及胰岛素/血糖变化比较平稳,其他各组采食后升高幅度较大,1 h后达到高峰;其中糯米组采食后1 h血液中葡萄糖、胰岛素含量及胰岛素/血糖最高,分别为1.21 mg/mL、52.35μU/mL和43.27μU/mg,显著高于其他各组(P<0.05).由结果可知,日粮淀粉来源影响生长猪氮代谢和血液部分生化指标,抗性淀粉组的血糖和胰岛素变化幅度较小,蛋白质的沉积率也较低.     

马立克氏病病毒感染鸡羽髓上皮细胞差异蛋白质组学研究

为鉴定鸡羽髓上皮细胞感染马立克氏病病毒(MDV)前后差异表达的蛋白,本研究以MDV强毒GA株人工感染SPF鸡,并通过双向电泳技术进行分析.结果显示:在病毒感染后4 d、7 d、14 d和21 d显著差异表达的蛋白点分别有2个、8个、25个和9个;而通过质谱技术鉴定出29种蛋白质,其中包括能量代谢相关蛋白、增殖和凋亡相关蛋白、细胞骨架蛋白、信号传导蛋白、转录相关蛋白、免疫相关蛋白和其他功能蛋白质.本实验首次对鸡羽髓上皮细胞感染MDV后各时期蛋白表达水平的变化进行研究,鉴定了多种差异表达蛋白质,为进一步揭示MDV与宿主的相互关系、感染性病毒粒子的成熟和致病机制提供了依据.     

Pharmacokinetics of oxytetracycline in hemolymph from the Chinese mitten crab, Eriocheir sinensis

Feng, Q., Wu, G. H., Liang, T. M., Ji, H. Y., Jiang, X. J., Gu, W., Wang, W. Pharmacokinetics of oxytetracycline in hemolymph from the Chinese mitten crab, Eriocheir sinensis. J. vet. Pharmacol. Therap. 34 , 51–57. The purpose of this study was to investigate the hemolymph kinetics and depuration time of oxytetracycline following intramuscular administration at doses of 2, 8 and 40 mg/kg body weight, respectively. The concentration of OTC in hemolymph was assayed using solid phase extraction and high performance liquid chromatography. The elimination half‐life of the terminal part of the elimination phase (t_1/2β) ranged from 87.9 to 114.3 h. The total body clearance (CL_b) was 0.0430 L/kg/h at the lower dose, 0.0123 L/kg/h at the medium dose and 0.0013 L/kg/h at the higher dose. The apparent volume of the central compartment (V_c) was found to be 1.383, 0.699 and 0.143 L/kg respectively. The depuration time for each dose was 13.6, 29.6 and 57.6 days, respectively. Results from the present study suggest that the 40 mg/kg dose might have the best therapeutic efficacy following intramuscular administration.     

The Productive Performance and the Correlation Analysis Between Hatchability and Egg Quality in Jiangxi Green-eggshell Layers

The purpose of this study was to provide the reference to Jiangxi Green-eggshell breeding through the analysis of laying performance, hatchability and egg quality in the first generation of Jiangxi Green-eggshell layers at 300-days old. 306 Jiangxi Green-eggshell layers and 80 eggs were selected to determine the laying performance, hatchability and egg quality among families, and the correlation between the hatchability and egg quality were analyzed also. The results were as fellows:The average body weight of these hens was 1 596.99 g, the average egg weight was 50.57 g, the average egg-laying number was 14.53, the average fertility rate was 93.69%, the average dead fertile egg rate was 5.55%, the average healthy chick rate was 84.3%, the average dead embryo egg rate was 13.9%, the average egg shape index was 1.28, the average Haugh unit was 71.77, and the average eggshell strength was 4.44 kg/cm². The healthy chick rate and the egg weight had significant correlation,as well as the eggshell color and the egg shape index (P < 0.05). The healthy chick rate had extremely significantly correlation with the dead fertile egg rate(P < 0.01), as well as the eggshell strength and the eggshell thickness (P < 0.01). Generally, the first generation of Jiangxi Green-eggshell layers had good egg quality, higher laying performance and hatchability, but they still need to be further selected.     

Effects of Photoperiod on Stem Cells Activation in Cashmere Goat Hair Follicles

In order to extend the anagen of cashmere goat hair follicles and increase the production of cashmere,this study was performed with artificially shorten the daylight time among Arbas White cashmere goats. Skin tissue sections from cashmere goats were collected to compare the morphologic changes between artificial daylight and natural daylight,and immunohistochemical method was used to study the hair follicle cell proliferation and important protein expression in related signaling pathways. The results showed that strong cell proliferation occurred in cashmere goat hair follicle cells during artificial daylight,plenty of cytokeratin 15 (K15) positive signals were distributed in the outer root sheath,β-catenin protein was actively expressed in hair matrix and root sheath, indicating that the hair follicles were in the anagen growth phase;Meanwhile,cashmere goat hair follicles under natural daylight were in telogen with weak signals. Above all prove that short photoperiod played an important role in promoting hair follicle growth,the artificial short photoperiod could change hair follicle growth cycle and make hair follicles earlier enter to the anagen growth phase,causing a variety of typical gene expressions during hair follicle growth.     

短芒大麦草青贮微生物特性研究及优良乳酸菌筛选

以短芒大麦草为研究对象,利用传统培养法从叶围和青贮发酵体系中分离出乳酸菌、大肠杆菌、好氧细菌、酵母菌和霉菌,并计数;结合细菌形态学、生理生化特征及16S rDNA序列分析鉴定分离出的乳酸菌菌株;通过研究乳酸菌的生长曲线、产酸特性及耐酸性,筛选优质乳酸菌。以期探明短芒大麦草叶围及青贮发酵体系中微生物菌群特性及青贮料中乳酸菌多样性,筛选出具有促发酵效果的乳酸菌菌株,为有益微生物饲料研发奠定基础。试验结果表明,短芒大麦草经青贮发酵后各微生物菌群数量发生不同程度变化,乳酸菌数量由0 cfu/g FM增加到4.00×10⁸ cfu/g FM,酵母菌数量由8.50×10⁵ cfu/g FM增加到1.02×10⁸ cfu/g FM,而好氧细菌、大肠杆菌和霉菌数量变化不明显;从短芒大麦草青贮发酵体系分离得到4株乳酸菌,经鉴定Lx36为Lactobacillus pentosus,Lx37为Lactobacillus brevis,Lx53为Pediococcus pentosaceus,Lx54为Lactobacillus parabuchneri;筛选得到1株益于青贮的乳酸菌株Lx36,约在20 h后进入稳定生长期,OD值达到4.21,且发酵12 h的pH仅为4.08,并可以在pH=3.0环境条件下生长。综上所述,青贮发酵是体系中各种微生物相互作用的过程,微生物菌群的数量及变化直接影响青贮饲料发酵品质。短芒大麦草青贮饲料中乳酸菌种类较丰富,筛选得到的戊糖乳杆菌繁殖速度快、产酸能力强同时表现出了较强的耐酸性,具有潜在的生产应用价值,适宜用作促发酵的青贮添加剂菌种。     

日粮不同蛋白质水平对三元肥育猪生产性能和胴体品质的影响

本文旨在研究不同日粮蛋白质水平对三元肥育猪生产性能、血液参数、胴体性状和肉质性状的影响.试验选取36头杜长大三元杂交猪,体重约为(47±4.2)kg,随机分为3个处理,每个处理12个重复,各处理分别饲喂低(12.9%)、中(15.4%)、高(18.7%)3个蛋白质水平日粮.试验第46天后,分别检测血液生化指标、激素水平、胴体品质和肉质性状.结果显示,3个日粮蛋白质水平对日增重、采食量、料重比及胴体品质和肉质性状均无影响(P>0.05);血清碱性磷酸酶、低密度脂蛋白、甘油三酯、胆固醇、谷丙转氨酶、谷草转氨酶、血清尿素氮以及生长激素均以中蛋白质水平组最高;随着日粮蛋白质水平的增加,肥育猪血清胰高血糖素有降低的趋势(P=0.089).以上结果表明,日粮蛋白质水平降低到12.9%并不影响肥育猪生长性能、胴体品质和肉质性状.     

桑树内生真菌的分离、鉴定及其多样性分析

用组织分离法从不同桑树品种的器官组织中共分离出内生真菌114株,经显微形态观察,鉴定114株内生真菌分别归属于镰孢霉属Fusarium、链格孢属Alternaria、柱霉属Scytalidium等21个属,表明桑树内生真菌具有丰富的生物多样性。不同桑树品种树体内的内生真菌分布有一定差异。同一桑树品种不同器官组织的内生真菌种类和数量差异较大,根中最多,茎中次之,叶中最少。其中:镰孢霉属为根中优势种群,链格孢属为茎、叶中的优势种群;丛梗孢属Monilia和镰孢霉属菌株在根、茎、叶中均能分离到,其它属的菌株只存在于其中的某一个或两个器官组织。研究结果有助于进一步探讨桑树内生真菌与生理活性物质的关系。     

加强奶牛布病综合防治工作刻不容缓

近年来 ,随着人们膳食结构的变化 ,对奶产品消费的需求日益增加 ,带动农村奶牛养殖的积极性空前高涨。２０００年 ,临猗县存栏奶牛仅１００头 ,分布于２０多个养殖户 ,最多的１２头。２００１年奶牛存栏增加到２１２头 ,比上年翻了一番还多 ,其中最多一户养到近３０头。今年以来 ,养奶牛的户更是有增无减 ,预计年底存栏可望达到３５０头。奶业的发展 ,一方面为农业产业结构调整提供了更大的发展空间 ,另一方面 ,也促进了城乡人民生活质量的提高。“一杯奶可以强壮一个民族”。在这个口号的感召下 ,饮用鲜奶的人群在不断扩大 ,老人和孩子每天…