大肠杆菌肽聚糖合成酶MraY在杆状病毒系统中的表达

磷酸-N-乙酰胞壁酸酯-胸腺喷丁转位酶(MraY)是参与大肠杆菌细胞壁合成的一种膜蛋白.由于该蛋白不能通过大肠杆菌表达系统进行过表达制备重组蛋白,本研究采用杆状病毒表达系统,通过PCR从大肠杆菌基因组中扩增出目的基因MraY,纯化后克隆于pFastBac 1质粒中构建重组转移质粒pFastBac-MraY.将其转化DH10感受态,构建重组杆粒Bacmid-MraY,并转染于Sf9昆虫细胞中进行重组杆状病毒制备和目的蛋白表达,采用westem blot和间接免疫荧光鉴定结果表明,目的蛋白在昆中细胞Sf9中获得表达,分子量为41 ku并以可溶性形式表达.该蛋白的表达为MraY的高级结构的解析以及噬菌体溶菌机制的研究奠定了基础.     

The Effect of Training on Yili Horse 1 600 m Test Results and Heart Rate Variability

【Objective】 The objective of this study was to analyze the effect of different training stages on the performance and heart rate variability(HRV) of Yili horses and to provide data for reference in the conditioning training of 1 600 m distance Yili horses.【Method】 Eight 3-year-old Yili horses (stallions) were selected as test subjects.A 3-month speed specific performance training program was conducted, and a speed test race was organized in the last week of each month of training, and HRV was collected before, immediately after, 0.5 h after, and 1 h after 1 600 m test race.Among them, the time-domain indexes included the mean of all R-R intervals (Mean RR), the standard deviation of all R-R intervals (SDNN), the mean heart rate (Mean HR), the root mean square of the difference between adjacent R-R intervals (RMSSD), the number of adjacent R-R intervals with a difference greater than 50 ms (NN50), and the percentage of adjacent R-R intervals with a difference greater than 50 ms to the total number of heartbeats (pNN50).Frequency domain metrics included very low frequency (VLF), low frequency power (LF), high frequency power (HF) and nonlinear metrics:standard deviation (Y) of all R-R-spacing (SD1), standard deviation (X) of all R-R-spacing (SD2).Consequently, the variability of HRV indexes in horses at different training stages was analyzed.【Result】 The race time in the post training period in 1 600 m speed test race of Yili horses was significantly lower than that in the early training period (P<0.05), and Mean RR, NN50 and pNN50 in the middle and post training periods were significantly lower than that in the early training period (P<0.05).Mean HR in the beginning of training was significantly lower than that in post training (P<0.05).VLF and LF in the end of training were significantly lower than that in the beginning of training (P<0.05).【Conclusion】 Under the conditions of this test, the HRV indexes of 1 600 m test race of Yili horses in different conditioning training stages were analyzed.The outcomes demonstrated that the types of neural activity in Yili horses at the beginning, middle and end of training presented some differences, showing changes of increased sympathetic excitability and decreased parasympathetic excitability, and the horses' athletic performance improved.Therefore, HRV could be considered as an effective tool to evaluate the training load and intensity of Yili horses during training.     

五节芒与荻人工杂交种F1 群体开花物候与生殖特性研究

 对五节芒与荻种间人工杂交种群体的开花物候、花粉育性、结实率和花粉母细胞减数分裂行为进行了观察,结果表明,１）Ｆ_１ 植株群体和个体花期持续时间长,从６月上中旬至１０月中下旬,个体之间花期具很高同步性;通过对抽穗开花分蘖数的统计分析,在杂交种的持续开花过程中,可以将群体和个体的花期分为２个开花高峰,第１次开花高峰出现在６月,第２个开花高峰期出现在９月;从孕穗期和始花期的时间看,杂交种６６．０７％ 的个体的花期偏向于早花的荻亲本,３１．２５％的个体的花期与亲本五节芒相近,只有２．６８％的花期晚于五节芒,说明早花性状的遗传力高;开花物候指数与结实率之间的相关分析结果表明,始花时间与结实率呈负相关关系,开花数和花期持续时间与结实率呈正相关关系。２）亲本荻和五节芒花粉育性较高,可育花粉率显著高于Ｆ_１ 群体植株;Ｆ_１ 群体２次开花高峰的花粉育性分别为（５０．７９±１８．６１）％,（６５．４２±１４．７１）％,第２次开花高峰时的花粉育性比第１次开花高峰时高;花粉育性在杂交种群体个体间有较大的差异,平均变异系数为２９．５６％;花粉育性与结实率的关系不密切,相关系数低,未达到显著性水平。３）种间杂交种Ｆ_１ 的花粉母细胞减数分裂基本正常,只有少部分的花粉母细胞出现染色体的异常行为,各时期异常行为率均低于２．０％。本试验结果说明五节芒和荻有很近的亲缘关系,开花物候和生殖特性的研究数据表明杂交种进行进一步遗传改良不存在障碍。     

轻音乐对奶牛产奶量及血液激素水平的影响

本试验旨在探讨轻音乐对奶牛产奶量及血液激素水平的影响。选取产奶量、年龄、胎次、泌乳期相近的荷斯坦泌乳牛32头,随机分成2组,每组16头。试验组于早、中、晚3次给料时间各播放轻音乐2 h,轻音乐选用理查德·克莱德曼的经典钢琴曲20首,对照组常规饲喂。预试期7 d,正试期60 d。正试期当天起(0 d),每隔10 d测定单产1次并采集血样1次。结果表明,试验组产奶量在第10、40天时显著高于对照组(P<0.05);试验组产奶量在第20、30、50、60天时高于对照组,差异均不显著(P>0.05);整个试验期,试验组平均产奶量较对照组高1.72 kg,差异极显著(P<0.01)。整个试验期,轻音乐能提高奶牛血液中γ-氨基丁酸(GABA)、生长激素(GH)含量,降低血液中皮质醇(COR)、五羟色胺(5-HT)含量,差异均不显著(P>0.05)。综上所述,轻音乐可通过提高奶牛血液中γ-氨基丁酸含量,促进生长激素的分泌,降低皮质醇、五羟色胺的含量,稳定奶牛情绪,从而降低奶牛应激反应,提高产奶量。     

Effects of Different Milk Samples on Sensitization in BALB/c Mice

In order to study the allergenicity of camel milk,cow milk and human milk,sixty BALB/c mice were randomly divided into β-lactoglobulin (β-lg) group (positive control group),cow milk group,camel milk group,human milk group and blank group (negative control group). Each group of mice received 1 mg/g BW samples and 0.3 μg/g cholera toxin (CT) per week,while mice in control group were received PBS and CT. After six weeks of intragastric administration,some allergic symptoms,the serum specific immunoglobulin E (IgE) and immunoglobulin G1 (IgG1) levels,plasma histamine levels and vascular permeability were detected. The results showed that the body weight of mice in camel milk,human milk and blank groups were normally increased,while that in β-lg and cow milk groups tended to slow down. The serum-specific IgE,IgG1 levels and histamine level in β-lg and cow milk groups were extremely significantly higher than blank group (P<0.01),the vascular permeability was increased,and the allergy symptoms were obvious. While the specific IgE and IgG1 levels of camel milk group were extremely significantly lower than cow milk group (P<0.01),but there were no significant difference with human milk group (P>0.05),and the allergy symptoms were mild. This study showed that the sensitization of camel milk was lower than cow milk,and similar to human milk.     

Toxicology Test and Safety Evaluation of Cefquinome Sulfate Liposomes

The purpose of this study was to evaluate the safety of the cefquinome sulfate liposomes by using the acute toxicity test, local irritation test and chronic toxicity test. The results showed that the LD₅₀ of cefquinome sulfate liposomes was 639.73 mg/kg after intramuscular injection of its suspension and 95% confidence interval was 573.06 to 714.17 mg/kg. There was no significant stimulation to muscle. Subchronic toxicity test showed that the weight, haematological indexes and biochemical criterion of rabbits in variety dose had no significant difference compared with normal group (P>0.05). There was no visible pathological changes on the liver,kidney histology. According to pathological observation, the structure of liver and kidney were clear in treated and middle dose groups,but there existed disorganized hepatic cell cord in the liver and hemorrhag between glomerulopathy,tubulointerstitial and hepatic sinusoids in high dose group. All results proved that the cefquinome sulfate liposomes was safe and reliable based on the animal experiments.     

H5N1亚型禽流感病毒起源及演化关系的探讨

通过综述感染人类的H5N1亚型高致病性禽流感病毒起源及演化关系,表明感染人的A/Hongkong/97(H5N1)株及目前流行的高致病性禽流感病毒可能起源于禽源的A型流感病毒株(A/Goose/Guangdong/1/96)。自1996年以来,H5N1亚型禽流感病毒的基因型经Gs/Gd,A,B,C,D,E,V,W,X0-X3,Y,Z和Z 不断的演化为目前流行的基因型Z。高致病性禽流感病毒(H5,H7和H9亚型)在禽,特别是水禽体内的重组或重配而相互传播,并随候鸟的迁徙而传播不易消灭,H5N1亚型的禽流感在不同地区的不断暴发与流行已严重威胁着养禽业的发展及人类的健康,需要进行长期监控。     

日粮添加蚂蚁粉对鸡蛋品质影响的研究

试验选用360只55周龄农大3号矮小蛋鸡,随机分为4组,每组3个重复,每个重复30只,三层阶梯式笼养.对照组饲喂基础日粮,试验组分别添加1%、2%、3%的蚂蚁粉.预饲期5 d,正饲期28 d,试验结束时进行蛋品质测定以及品尝试验,研究蚂蚁粉对蛋品质以及品尝者感官评价的影响.结果表明:蛋品质试验中,3%试验组比对照组蛋黄色泽高7.08%(P＜0.01),蛋白高度高15.09%(P＜0.05),添加蚂蚁粉对蛋重、蛋黄重以及蛋黄比没有明显影响(P＞0.05),而蛋壳厚度、蛋壳强度、蛋壳重、料蛋比以及产蛋率也无明显变化.品尝试验中,品尝者对鸡蛋气味、蛋黄色泽和口感进行评价,认为4组间气味和口感无显著差异,虽然在蛋黄色泽上,1%试验组与对照组差异最大,但2%试验组的蛋黄色泽却更受品尝者欢迎.     

芒属部分类群花粉形态观察研究

芒属植物因其拥有适宜作为新一代能源植物开发利用的巨大潜力而广受关注。为了积累中国芒属植物孢粉学研究的资料,本研究利用光学显微镜和扫描电子显微镜对芒属的芒(Miscanthus sinensis)、五节芒(M. floridulus)、荻(M. sacchariflorus)、南荻(M. lutarioriparius)、尼泊尔芒(M. nepalensis)、双药芒(M. nudipes)等类群的共39份材料的花粉进行了观察。结果表明,芒属植物花粉的表面纹饰呈2种类型:颗粒状突起与疣状突起。根据突起程度不同,疣状突起又可分为3种亚类型:不明显疣状突起、疣状突起和明显疣状突起。芒、五节芒、荻、南荻的花粉形态相似性高,表明它们之间的亲缘关系密切。尼泊尔芒和双药芒的花粉形态与芒属其他类群的差异较明显,研究结果支持将它们从芒属中分离出来成立另一个属,即本研究支持双药芒属(Diandranthus)成立。本研究同时表明五节芒比芒演化水平高。为了从孢粉学角度探讨芒属各分类类群之间的亲缘及演化关系,进一步开展花粉外壁的内部结构研究也许是非常有必要的。     

多年生黑麦草高频再生体系的建立及优化

从外植体预处理方式、基本培养基、激素浓度等方面着手,对多年生黑麦草愈伤组织诱导、继代、不定芽分化及再生过程中的影响因素进行了研究,提高了再生频率。结果如下：切取胚端半粒种子,经75%乙醇处理1min,0.1%HgCl处理15min,在经无菌水清洗4～6次后接种方式较好;愈伤组织诱导培养基以MS＋2,4—D 8.0 mg/L（或另添加甘露醇25 g/L）为佳;愈伤组织接种于MS＋2,4—D 8.0mg/L＋甘露醇25 g/L上进行1～2次继代后于NB＋6—BA2.0 mg/L上进行分化;不定芽转接至MS＋6—BA2.0 mg/L上进行扩繁或于1/2MS＋NAA0.5mg/L＋IAA0.5mg/L上进行生根。