沱江干流岸边土壤营养盐和重金属分布特征

为探究“十年禁渔”前沱江中游江段鱼类资源和物种多样性,于2017—2020年对该江段鱼类资源进行了8次调查,并对鱼类种类组成、生态类型、群落相似度、种群优势度、生物多样性以及群落结构稳定性等特征进行分析。结果显示,本次调查共采集鱼类87种,隶属于5目14科52属。其中,长江上游特有鱼类18种,外来物种6种,分别占总种类数的20.69%和6.90%。鱼类群落以底层、缓流型、产沉性卵、杂食性鱼类为主。相对重要性指数(IRI)显示,蛇、鲤等中小型鱼类为优势种。Shannon-Wiener指数、Simpson指数、Margalef指数、Pielou指数变化范围分别为2.700~3.742、0.873~0.968、5.374~11.323、0.737~0.887,表明沱江中游鱼类群落分布均匀。等级聚类分析 (Cluster)和非度量多维尺度分析 (NMDS)显示,在一定的相似性水平上,沱江中游江段鱼类的群落类型基本可分为3组,莲花山、麻柳坝工业园与铁路沟可以聚为一组,万古庙、五里店水电站、资州大桥、银山镇、二水厂与西林渡口聚为一组,沱桥独立成组。数量/生物量比较曲线分析结果显示,西林渡口和沱桥江段鱼类群落结构稳定性相对较高,其余江段鱼类群落结构均受到中度干扰。研究表明,与历史资料相比,沱江中游鱼类群落发生了显著变化,经济鱼类占比减少,鱼类个体呈现小型化和低龄化。本研究补充了沱江中游鱼类资源现状的基础数据,以期为该江段鱼类资源管理与“十年禁渔”生态评估提供科学依据。     

Effect of Different Rearing Conditions of Indoor and Outdoor in Winter and Summer on Growth Performance and Immune Function of Heijiao MA Chicken

This experiment was conducted to study the effect of different rearing conditions of indoor and outdoor in winter and summer on growth performance and immune function of Heijiao MA chicken.In the winter and summer, 180 Heijiao MA chicken with the age of 35-day-old were chosen and randomly divided into two groups with three replicates per group and 30 chickens per replicate.The Heijiao MA chicken were reared at outdoor and indoor, respectively, and at 49, 63, 77, 91 days the immune organ indexes, serum antibody titers and growth performance were measured.The results showed that:①Whether it was winter or summer, the body weight of Heijiao MA chicken rearing at indoor were higher than that of outdoor, and the difference was significant at experimental stages in winter (P<0.05).There was significant difference only at 77 days old of Heijiao MA chicken in summer (P<0.05), the rest were not significant (P>0.05);②The ADG of outdoor group in summer was higher than that in winter, while the F/G of outdoor group in summer were significantly lower than that in winter (P<0.05).The ADFI and ADG of indoor group were not significantly different between winter and summer (P>0.05).③On immune function, immune organ indexes and ND antibody titer of Heijiao MA chicken of indoor group in winter were higher than outdoor group, while part of immune organ indexes, AI (H5) and ND antibody titers of outdoor group in summer were higher than that of indoor group;And ND and AI (H5) antibody titers in winter were higher than summer.In conclusion, The climate and season were major factors to influence the growth performance and immune function of Heijiao MA chicken.     

Tαl螺旋藻培育鲍苗的应用效果研究

在8口23.2 m2的池中,于水温12.5～17.7℃、盐度30的传统养殖模式下,研究饲料中定量添加Tαl螺旋藻喂养鲍苗的培育效果.试验组和对照组分别投放壳长(3.68±0.04)mm和(3.66±0.07)mm,密度(5 755±429)粒·m-2和(5 733±169)粒·m-2的鲍苗,经过133 d的养殖,鲍壳长...     

早熟梨新品种‘早伏酥’配套栽培技术研究

以早熟梨新品种‘早伏酥’为试材,采用人工点授和梨幼果期药剂涂抹果柄的方法,研究了不同授粉品种对‘早伏酥’坐果率和果实品质及GA3对果实增大和提早成熟的影响。结果表明:"西子绿"和"翠冠"等5个授粉品种对其花序与花朵坐果率均达到了70%以上,综合对果实品质的影响,确定"中梨1号"和"翠冠"为最佳授粉品种;经赤霉酸处理的果实,与对照相比,单果重增加9.2%,成熟期提前10～15d,果实其它经济指标差异不显著。     

不同退化程度高寒草甸主要植物的热值研究

对青海省果洛藏族自治州玛沁县不同退化程度高寒草甸中隶属10科的27种植物地上部分干质量热值进行测定,分析了高寒草甸退化过程中植物热值的变化规律。结果表明,1）高寒草甸常见植物地上部分平均热值为13.99～19.45 kJ·g-1,所测物种热值平均值为17.99 kJ·g-1,高于全球尺度上陆生植物平均热值;2）随着高寒草甸退化程度的增加,由于植物自身的生物学属性特征,不同科属植物热值的响应规律不一,其中禾本科、菊科和龙胆科随着草地退化程度的增加,植物的平均热值均呈先升高后降低的变化趋势,在轻度退化水平下达到最高,莎草科植物平均热值则随草地退化程度增加逐渐增加,不同植物种热值对草地退化的响应变化规律不完全一致;3）在群落水平上,随着草地退化程度的增加,群落热值变化趋势为先升高后降低,在轻度退化水平下达到最高,为18.16 kJ·g-1,重度退化水平下最低,为16.29 kJ·g-1,不同退化草地中群落热值的差异是由物种组成的变化产生的。     

Effect of dietary iron supplement on growth, haematology and microelements of juvenile grouper, Epinephelus coioides

An experiment was conducted to investigate the effect of dietary iron supplement on growth, haematology and microelements of juvenile grouper, Epinephelus coioides. Casein–gelatine‐based diets supplemented with 0, 50, 100, 150, 200 and 250 mg kg⁻¹ iron from ferrous sulphate were fed to grouper (mean initial weight: 21.0 ± 0.2 g) for 8 weeks. Weight gain was highest in fish fed the diet supplemented with 100 mg kg⁻¹ iron, intermediate in fish fed diets with 50, 150, 200 and 250 mg kg⁻¹ iron and lowest in fish fed the basal diet. Feed efficiency followed a similar trend except that the lowest value was in fish fed the basal diet and the diet supplemented with 250 mg kg⁻¹ iron. Hepatic iron was highest in fish fed diets supplemented with iron ≥100 mg kg⁻¹, followed by fish fed diet with 50 mg kg⁻¹ iron and lowest in fish fed the basal diet. The whole‐body iron was lowest in fish fed the basal diet but not significantly different from other groups, as judged by anova . Iron supplement to the basal diet had no significant effect on haematological parameters (red blood cell count, haematocrit and haemoglobin), hepatic copper concentration or manganese, zinc concentration in liver and whole body. Broken‐line analysis of hepatic iron indicated that iron supplementation of 100 mg kg⁻¹ satisfied the hepatic iron storage and that further supplementation did not expand the iron status.     

鸡胚胎期及生长发育早期对孵化绿光强度的反应

试验旨在探究孵化期单色绿光不同光照强度对鸡孵化和早期生长发育的影响。选用810个大小均匀的新浦东鸡种蛋,随机分为3组（n=270）,孵化期1~18.5 d分别在黑暗、低照度（20~50 lux）和高照度（200~300 lux）的LED单色绿光（λ=525 nm）条件下孵化,每天光照24 h,各组种蛋于第18.5天转至同一台无光出雏器中,各组温度和湿度等其他孵化条件始终保持一致。检测各组受精蛋孵化率、死胚率、初生重、10周龄体重、初生雏鸡及3周龄公鸡的血清激素浓度（甲状腺素、降钙素、生长激素、褪黑激素和骨钙素等）和血液生理生化指标（碱性磷酸酶、胰岛素样生长因子和钙等含量）。结果表明：各组种蛋的死胚数和死胚率差异较小;孵化的20.5 d低照度组和高照度组的受精蛋孵化率分别为黑暗组的2.3倍和5.2倍;孵化的21.5 d黑暗组的受精蛋孵化率为82.8%,低照度组和高照度组的孵化率分别比黑暗组高6.5%和1.9%;黑暗组的健雏率为98.6%,低照度组的健雏率比黑暗组低0.4%,而高照度组与黑暗组的健雏率接近;高照度组公雏初生重显著低于黑暗组（P<0.05）,而低照度组与黑暗组无显著差异（P>0.05）。母雏初生重趋势与公雏基本一致,高照度组母雏初生重显著低于其他两组（P<0.05）,其他两组之间无显著差异（P>0.05）;在10周龄,各组公鸡和母鸡体重无显著差异（P<0.05）;各组1日龄公雏血液生理生化和激素指标无显著差异（P>0.05）,3周龄公鸡高照度组和低照度组褪黑激素含量显著高于黑暗组（P<0.05）,其他指标无显著差异（P>0.05）。综上,在种蛋的孵化过程中,与黑暗条件下相比,给予适宜强度的单色绿光能够促进鸡胚发育,在不影响雏鸡健康的前提下使出雏时间提前,孵化期光照对后期生长发育影响较小。     

扁穗牛鞭草对土壤理化性质的影响研究

通过测定在2年内不施肥条件下扁穗牛鞭草栽种地土壤理化性质指标,研究与探讨了栽植扁穗牛鞭草对土壤理化性质的影响。结果表明,1)表层土壤理化性质随栽植时间增加产生不同程度的变化,其中物理性质方面:容重增加,最大变化幅度为17.44%,总孔隙度降低,变化幅度18.38%,毛管和非毛管孔隙度及土壤持水量变化不显著;化学性质方面:有机碳和全量养分差异不显著,速效养分变化达显著水平。2)底层土的理化性质随栽植时间增加差异不显著。经综合分析,随栽植时间的增加,土壤整体透气性能和供肥能力下降,土壤肥力降低。     

Chronic cigarette smoking induces alteration of FIZZ1/RELMα expression in rat lung

AIM: To investigate the expression of FIZZ1/RELMα in lung tissue of chronic cigarette smoking rat, and to determine the relationship between airway inflammation and airway hyperresponsiveness. METHODS: Made rat model of chronic cigarette smoking was used. The expression of FIZZ1/RELMα in lung tissue was determined by immuno-histochemistry and in situ hybridization. RESULTS: In control rats, FIZZ1/RELMα protein and mRNA expressions were observed at low levels. In cigarette smoking rats, FIZZ1/RELMα expression increased in all the cells especially in bronchial smooth muscle cells, vascular wall cells and alveolar epithelial cells. CONCLUSION: FIZZ1/RELMα is a secreted peptide specifically expressed in lung. Cigarette smoking induces its upregulation, which possibly contributes to cigarette smoking-induced airway hyperresponsiveness.     

椭圆嗜蓝层孔菌子实体化学成分研究

椭圆嗜蓝层孔菌(Phellinus ellipsoidea)子实体甲醇提取物依次用石油醚和乙酸乙酯萃取,其乙酸乙酯分部经柱层析分离得到11个化合物。经鉴定这11个化合物分别为:苯并(1,2-b,5,4-b′)二呋喃-3,5-二酮-8-甲酸甲酯(1)、原儿茶酸(2)、4-(3,4-二羟苯基)-3-丁烯-2-酮(3)、原儿茶醛(4)、Hispidin(5)、Hispolon(6)、Inoscavin A(7)、Phelligridin K(8)、Inoscavin C(9)、Inoscavin E(10)和Inonoblins B(11),其中化合物2、4、7、10为首次从该物种中分离得到。