转几丁质酶和β-1,3-葡聚糖酶双价基因小麦的获得和鉴定

利用农杆菌介导法将几丁质酶基因和β-1,3-葡聚糖酶双价基因导入小麦品种扬麦10号和Bobwhite,共得到了13株T0代转基因植株,2个小麦品种的转化效率分别为1.4%和1.0%.T1代植株赤霉病抗性鉴定结果表明,转基因植株对赤霉病具有一定抗性,小穗发病率4.76%～11.76%,低于抗病对照和感病对照.T1代植株分子检测结果表明,外源基因分离比例为2.33∶1,较低的分离比例可能与外源基因的丢失有关.     

不同钾肥施用量对烤烟生长过程中几种酶活性的影响

采用盆栽试验研究了褐土区不同钾肥施用量对烤烟生长过程中几种酶活性的影响。结果表明．施用钾肥提高了烟株的硝酸还原酶(NR)活性和根系活力，增强了烟株生长前期叶片合成叶绿素的能力；钾素对超氧化物歧化酶(SOD)活性具有调节作用，在烟株生长的前期和中期有提高SOD活性的能力；栽后75d，烟株的蔗糖酶活性小于栽后60d的，施用钾肥对蔗糖酶活性有一定的提高，但是钾肥的不同用量处理间差别不大；在烤烟生长中后期，随着烟株的生长发育，根系ATP酶活性是降低的，施用钾肥提高了根系ATP酶活性。     

种植行向对玉米茎叶形态建成与产量的调控效应

以玉米品种郑单958为材料,2012–2013年采用田间不同行向种植设计,研究了种植行向对玉米茎叶形态建成和产量的调控。结果表明,种植行向对玉米叶和茎的形态建成影响显著。与南北行向(N-S)相比,东西行向(E-W)显著促进了中上部叶片(第11~第17叶)的伸长,增加了叶面积,但对叶宽影响不显著。种植行向显著影响了玉米茎秆质量,E-W种植方式显著促进了植株中下部节间的伸长和增粗,增加了第9和第10节间单位长度干重和茎秆折断强度。种植行向对拔节期植株干重没有显著影响,但E-W种植方式在大口期至成熟期的单株总生物量积累显著高于N-S种植,同时促进了干物质由叶、茎向雌穗的转移,显著提高了收获指数。E-W种植方式显著增加了玉米千粒重,提高了产量。因此,华北地区E-W种植方式可显著促进玉米茎叶生长和植株干物质积累,增加粒重,提高收获指数,提高产量。     

不同施肥量及其配比对油研10号产量的影响

油菜是贵州省最主要的冬季农业经济作物，油菜产量很大程度上取决于适宜的施肥量及各时期适宜的施肥比例。通过对油研10号进行施肥试验，结合各地高产田块的调查，结果得出：为获得理想产量，每667m^2的肥料施用量为：尿素10～25kg、磷肥25～50kg、钾肥10～15kg、硼肥0.5～1kg、清粪水1000～1500kg，注重基肥施用：复合肥25～50kg/667m^2或厩肥1500kg/667m^2左右，抓住关键施肥时期：（1）及时施用苗床提苗肥。出苗期用尿素1～1.5kg/667m^2，加清粪水150kg左右泼施。（2）及时施活棵肥，用尿素5～7.5kg/667m^2加清粪水800～1000kg在栽后立即淋施。大量的实践和试验、示范研究表明，采用上述配套栽培技术措施可使油研10号获得高产。     

Genetics of resistance to 3 isolates of Ascochyta fabae on Faba bean (Vicia faba L.) in controlled conditions

Summary Genetics of resistance to Ascochyta fabae Speg. in Vicia faba L. was studied with a final objective to develop resistant faba bean varieties to Ascochyta blight. The study was conducted separately on 3 single spore isolates (AF10-2 and AF13-2 from Tunisia and AF4-3 from France) and belonging to different groups of virulence (GV1 and GV2). Important general combining ability (GCA) effects were found especially with isolates AF10-2 and AF4-3. Specific combining ability (SCA), although significant for the 3 isolates, was important only with AF13 -2, but less important than GCA. Additive gene effects were predominant to non-additive effects. Lines 29H and A8817 transmitted to their progenies resistance to the 3 isolates, whereas 14–12 and 19TB conferred resistance to their progenies only with isolates AF13-2 and AF4-3, respectively. In the material studied, resistance was generally controlled by dominant genes but also could be attributed to recessive genes although less frequent. Analysis of segregation in the F2 of 2 crosses between the resistant lines (A8817 and 29H) and the susceptible line (14–12) with isolate AF4-3 revealed dominant monogenic control at the level of leaves in the 2 resistant lines and, in addition, a recessive gene controlling resistance of stems. Non-allelic interactions were occasionally manifested and their origin appeared to be due to line 19TB. A recurrent selection scheme was proposed with the objective to develop improved open-pollination populations and synthetic varieties responding to the objective of the national Tunisian research programme on faba bean.     

浙江省生态清洁型小流域建设的探索与实践

通过对浙江省小流域现状的研究,分析了新形势下小流域治理所面临的主要问题,提出了现阶段开展小流域治理的思路与对策,并全面总结了浙江省在生态省建设过程中开展生态清洁型小流域建设的实践经验,提出了在浙江省开展生态清洁型小流域建设的对策与建议。     

农村居民点用地整理的适宜性评价指标体系及方法研究

本文从系统论的机理出发,构建了农村居民点用地整理的适宜性评价指标体系;并在全面分析各种适宜性评价方法的基础上,以泰安市岱岳区为案例选择多因素综合评价方法进行了初步的应用研究。     

南方地区冷浸田土壤线虫的分布特征

为了解南方地区冷浸田土壤线虫分布状况,2011—2012年期间,对湖北、安徽、江西、湖南、福建、浙江、广东和贵州8个省份的冷浸田进行土壤线虫调查。结果表明:在所有省份中,共鉴定出2纲8目24科55属,其中潜根属(Hirschmanniella)和丝尾垫刃属(Filenchus)为优势属,两者占线虫总数的46.36%,丝尾垫刃属、潜根属、头叶属(Cephalobus)、滑刃属(Aphelenchoides)在我国南方8省份的冷浸田均有分布。冷浸田线虫密度为非冷浸田的48.04%,冷浸田线虫密度范围为72~735条/100 g干土。冷浸田土壤线虫数量分布主要受土壤含水量和电导率因素影响,潜根属与含水量显著正相关,与电导率显著负相关。