酸化预处理对鸡粪生物发酵特性的影响

在鸡粪混化反应器内,通过管道淋入鸡粪总量4%～6%的浓硫酸,进行酸化预处理后再进行发酵,能明显改变微生物生态环境,使生物发酵的启动温度略低于常规处理,但高温的持续时间延长,整个发酵期间pH均低于对照常规高温发酵.结果表明,酸化预处理使鸡粪生物发酵过程中氮素损失率由常规高温发酵的48.4%下降至41.9%和19.4%,下降率达6.5%～29.0%,有机质的含量比对照提高了6.0%～6.5%.     

粒毛盘菌多糖脱蛋白方法及其条件优化

分别采用Sevage法、三氯乙酸-正丁醇(TCA-NBA)法、酶-Sevage法以及酶-TCA-NBA法对粒毛盘菌YM281胞外多糖进行脱蛋白。结果表明:用酶-TCA-NBA法对粒毛盘菌YM281胞外多糖脱蛋白的效果最佳,蛋白脱除率为51.57%,且此时多糖损失率(3.46%)为最低;进一步采用均匀设计优化该方法的脱蛋白条件,所得最优脱蛋白条件为:粒毛盘菌YM281多糖溶液20mL、木瓜蛋白酶溶液11mL、温度42.2℃、pH 4、酶解时间3.5h;除去变性蛋白后,再利用TCA-NBA法脱蛋白2次即可;采用所得的最优方法和条件脱蛋白,其蛋白脱除率高达72.3%,多糖损失率仅为2.93%。     

Effects of Active Modified Atmosphere Packaging on Postharvest Quality of Shiitake Mushrooms (Lentinula edodes) Stored at Cold Storage

The effects of active modified atmosphere packaging (MAP) on the postharvest quality of shiitake mushrooms stored at cold temperature (4°C) were investigated. The gas components were 2% O2+7% CO2 (MAP1), 2% O2+10% CO2 (MAP2) and 2% O2+13% CO2 (MAP3), respectively. The results showed that active MAP could extend the shelf-life of shiitake mushrooms to 17 d and the concentration of carbon dioxide could influence the postharvest quality of shiitake mushrooms. MAP2 treatment inhibited the increase in respiration rate and malondinaldehyde (MDA) contents, delayed the decrease in firmness, soluble sugar and vitamin C, and obviously reduced the activity of polyphenol oxidase (PPO) and the degree of browning, therefore maintaining better quality.     

水稻根际耐镉细菌碳源代谢功能分析

为探明前期分离得到的3株水稻根际耐镉细菌碳源代谢特性,在进行生理生化鉴定的基础上,采用BIOLOG ECO微平板法,分析了3株细菌(菌株A、菌株B和菌株C)的碳源代谢功能。生理生化试验结果表明,3株菌均属于革兰氏阴性细菌,且均具有极生鞭毛,菌株C的生理生化鉴定为铜绿假单胞菌,菌株A与菌株B为假单胞菌属的其他种,结果与之前的分子生物学鉴定结果一致。BIOLOG分析结果表明,3株菌株在培养72 h的AWCD(平均颜色变化率)均接近最大值,在培养24 h时的AWCD存在显著差异,这种差异主要体现在对氨基酸的利用上。在对提供的31种单一碳源利用上,3株菌对N-乙酰-D-葡萄糖胺、L-精氨酸、L-天冬酰胺、甲叉丁二酸、腐胺、4-羟基苯甲酸、丙酮酸甲酯、吐温-40和吐温-80的利用率均较高,且对L-精氨酸、甲叉丁二酸、丙酮酸甲酯的利用率存在显著差异。本研究结果对深入了解耐镉菌株增殖所需要的碳源以及将来优化耐镉细菌最适培养基提供了理论依据,也为构建相应的基因工程菌提供了微生物资源。     

1株高粱拮抗内生细菌的分类鉴定

为考察从高粱根系组织中分离到的细菌菌株GX1的抗菌机理及作为产抗生素候选菌株的可能性,通过形态学特征、生理生化特征和分子鉴定相结合的方法对GX1进行分类,初步鉴定其为吡咯伯克氏菌(Burkholderia pyrrocinia),GenBank登录号为JQ979083.     

不同氮磷钾肥配施对烤烟质体色素及其降解产物含量的影响

研究了不同氮磷钾配施对烤烟质体色素及其降解产物含量的影响,2008年在河南省洛宁县王岭现代烟草示范基地,以中烟100为材料,研究了氮、磷、钾肥配施对烤烟质体色素及其降解产物含量的影响.结果表明:不施肥处理烟叶质体色素及其降解产物含量都较低;氮、磷、钾任意两种肥料配施均可以不同程度提高烤烟质体色素及其降解产物的含量;氮磷...     

闽楠地理分布格局及其气候特征研究

闽楠是我国特有的一个珍贵用材树种与优良观赏树种,具有重要的生态、经济和观赏价值,在研究中,通过文献检索和实地调查的方法,对闽楠的天然分布格局及其影响因素进行综合分析,重点分析天然分布区的气候特征。结果表明,闽楠主要分布在24.18°～30.29°N,106.2°～121.51°E,海拔在40～1 220 m,分布区的气候特征为年平均温度最适范围为16.45～20.55℃,平均值为18.50℃;最高月均温最适范围为26.56～30.04℃,平均值为28.30℃;最低月均温最适范围为4.88～10.55℃;温暖指数最适范围为140.42～184.91℃;寒冷指数最佳范围为-1.96～0.23℃。年降水量平均值为1 505.65 mm,年蒸腾量平均值为979.57 mm,湿润指数为9.31,属于湿润、潮湿的范围,闽楠生境条件温暖而湿润。通过主成分分析,找出了影响闽楠地理分布的主要因子,各因子按照影响大小的排列次序依次为:热量因子、降水因子、低温因子、高温因子。     

Transgenic cry1Ab/vip3H+epsps Rice with Insect and Herbicide Resistance Acted No Adverse Impacts on the Population Growth of a Non-Target Herbivore,the White-Backed Planthopper,Under Laboratory and Field Conditions

Numerous Bt rice lines expressing Cry protein derived from Bacillus thuringiensis Berliner (Bt) have been developed since 1989. However, the potential risks posed by Bt rice on non-target organisms still remain debate. The white-backed planthopper (WBPH), Sogatella furcifera (Horváth), is one of the most economically important insect pests of rice in Asian countries and also one of the main non-target herbivores of transgenic rice. In the current study, impacts of transgenic cry1Ab/vip3H+epsps rice (G6H1) with both insect and herbicide resistance on WBPH were evaluated to ascertain whether this transgenic rice line had potential risks for this sap-sucking pest under laboratory and field conditions. The laboratory results showed that no significant difference in egg developmental duration, nymphal survival rate and female fecundity was found for WBPH between G6H1 and its non-transgenic isoline (XS110). However, the development duration of nymphs was significantly shorter and female longevity significantly longer when WBPH fed on G6H1 by comparison with those on its control. To verify the results found in laboratory, a 3-yr field trial was conducted to monitor WBPH population using both the vacuum-suction machine and beat plate methods. Although the seasonal density of WBPH nymphs and total density of nymphs and adults were not significantly affected by transgenic rice regardless of the sampling methods, the seasonal density of WBPH adults in transgenic rice plots was slightly lower than that in the control when using the vacuum-suction machine. Based on these results both from laboratory and field, it is clear that our tested transgenic rice line will not lead higher population of WBPH. However, long-term field experiments to monitor the population dynamics of WPBH at large scale need to be conducted to confirm the present conclusions in future.     

优质高产耐贮运番茄新品种浙杂205的选育

分别以荷兰引进品种T9247,T01-198为材料,经连续8代自交育成的自交系T9247-1-2-2-1和T01-198-1-2为亲本,选配出无限生长、中果型、耐贮运的番茄新品种浙杂205.经多年品种比较试验和生产性试验,浙杂205表现为:商品性优良、耐贮运;综合抗性强,抗ToMV、中抗叶霉病、抗枯萎病;单果重可达160 g,产量可达90 t·hm-2(6穗果).     

全球气候变暖对中国种植制度可能影响ⅩⅢ. 东北三省春玉米熟型调整的降水限制及其对产量的可能影响

【目的】研究气候变化背景下东北三省春玉米品种熟型调整敏感区域内的降水条件变化及其对产量的可能影响,为当地春玉米种植品种熟型的调整提供科学参考。【方法】以1985年为时间节点,将1961—2017年分为2个时间段（1961—1985年和1986—2017年）。基于东北三省春玉米品种熟型调整敏感区域内的24个地面气象观测站点1961—2017年地面气象观测资料和16个农业气象试验站点1981—2007年玉米生育期的观测资料,分析春玉米不同生育阶段水分条件的变化特征,并运用作物生产潜力逐级订正法计算降水条件变化对生产潜力的影响。【结果】（1）1961—2017年,东北三省春玉米品种熟型调整的敏感地带内实际播种期呈提前趋势,成熟期呈推迟趋势,实际生产中品种熟型的调整导致实际生育期延长。（2）敏感区域内春玉米品种熟型的调整,使生育前期（播种—拔节）和后期（开花—成熟）需水量增加,生育中期（拔节—开花）需水量减少;同时,生育前期有效降水量呈现增加趋势,生育中期和后期有效降水量呈现减少趋势。（3）品种熟型调整后,春玉米生育中期有效降水量满足率最低。（4）品种熟型调整后,气候生产潜力在中晚熟品种调整为晚熟的区域5南部和西部的宽甸和通榆站点呈减小趋势,波动性增加,在特早熟品种调整为早熟的区域1和早熟品种调整为中熟的区域3北部气候生产潜力呈增加趋势且波动性降低。【结论】全球气候变化的背景下,东北地区敏感区域内有效降水量满足率在生育中期和后期降低,气候生产潜力在研究区域的西部和南部减小、东部增大且不稳定性高。因此,在敏感区域的东部、西部和南部仍要进一步关注品种熟型的选取,同时在春玉米生育中期和后期,及时进行灌溉补充水分,确保春玉米产量。