Mitochondrial DNA deletion of the brain tissue of aged rats with learning and memory deficit

AIM and METHODS: The ratio of mitochondrial DNA (mtDNA) deletion was measured to find the relationship between mtDNA deletion and aged learning and memory deficit. The aged rats were divided into two groups, aged learning and memory deficit group and aged learning and memory normal group. The ratio of mtDNA deletion was measured by dilution polymerase chain reaction. RESULTS: There are deleted mtDNA (about 4834 bp) in the cerebral cortex, hippocampus and cerebellum of both young and aged rats. The ratios of deleted mtDNA were similar in the cerebral cortex,hippocampus and cerebellum of young rats (about 0.00018%). The ratio mtDNA of aged learning and memory normal rats had increased by five-fold in the cerebral cortex and hippocampus, or one-fold in the cerebellum over young rats. The ratio of aged learning and memory dificit rats had increased by one-fold in the cerebral cortex or 0.8-fold in the hippocampus or two-fold in the cerebellum over aged learning and memory normal rats.CONCLUSIONS: There was really the increase of mtDNA in aging rat brain. And this increase was double in amount in aged learning and memory deficit rats compared to the normal learning and memory aged rats. It is suggested that the mtDNA deletions in the brain regions associated with learning and memory may be contributed to the cellular and molecular mechanism of learning and memory deicit with aged rats.     

Changes of serum vascular endothelial growth factor levels in a rat model of acute myocardial infarction

AIM and METHODS: To study the changes of serum vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) levels in a rat model of acute myocardial infarction (MI) and its significance. Eighty-eight male Sprague-Dawley rats were used in this study. MI was produced by left coronary arterial ligation in 80 animals, and eight rats undergoing thoracotomy but not coronary ligation served as controls (sham).Blood samples were drawn from the right atrium before (sham animals) and 1, 3, 6, 12, 24 hours and 2, 3, 5, 7, 14 days after MI(n=8, respectively). Serum VEGF concentrations were measured by a sensitive enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay with a rabbit polyclonal antibody specific for VEGF. RESULTS: In 8 sham animals, the concentration of serum VEGF was (66.99±17.83) pg/mL. Six hours after MI, the level of serum VEGF significantly increased to (125.68±28.07)pg/mL (P＜0.01 vs sham control), and reached a peak (240.61±70.63 pg/mL, P＜0.01 vs sham control) at 24 hours after ligation and then decreased gradually over the remaining 2 weeks. But the level remained significantly elevated for 14 days (107.64±30.31 pg/mL, P＜0.01 vs sham control).CONCLUSION: Serum VEGF levels markedly and permanently increase in the rat model of acute MI may play an important role in the angiogenesis associated with MI     

CYP450 epoxygenase/EET pathway attenuates adipose inflammation of obese mice through HIF-1α

AIM To investigate the effects of cytochrome P450 （CYP450） epoxygenase/epoxyeicosatrienoic acid （EET） pathway on insulin resistance in obese mice, and to explore the possible mechanisms. METHODS High-fat diet-induced obesity model was established in C57BL/6Cnc mice, and the obese mice were randomly divided into 3 groups, including obesity group （treated with saline; n=10）, EET group （treated with 11,12-EET; n=10） and EET inhibitor 14,15-epoxyeicosa-5（Z）-enoic acid （EEZE） group （n=10）. Normal C57BL/6Cnc mice （n=10） treated with saline served as control. Protein expression of CYP2J2 （one of CYP450 epoxygenases） and hypoxia-inducible factor-1α （HIF-1α） was measured by Western blot. Vessel-like structure was detected by immunofluorescence staining. The serum levels of insulin, tumor necrosis factor-α （TNF-α）, interleukin （IL）-1β, IL-6 and monocyte chemoattractant protein-1 （MCP-1） were measured by ELISA. RESULTS In obese mice, homeostasis model assessment of insulin resistance （HOMA-IR） values were increased, the protein level of CYP2J2 was reduced, and the protein level of HIF-1α was increased in adipose tissues as compared with the controls （P<0.05）. The serum levels of MCP-1, IL-1β, IL-6 and TNF-α were also significantly increased in obese mice （P<0.05）. After treatment with 11, 12-EET, the HOMA-IR values were decreased compared with vehicle-treated obese mice, HIF-1α expression levels were decreased in the adipose tissue, and the serum levels of MCP-1, IL-1β, IL-6 and TNF-α were reduced （P<0.05）. Immunohistochemical results of adipose tissue from vehicle-treated obese mice showed a marked decrease in vessel-like structures （CD31-positive） compared with normal control mice （P<0.05）. EET treatment significantly increased the newly formed vessel-like structures in the visceral adipose tissues of obese mice as compared with vehicle-treated obese mice （P<0.05）. CONCLUSION High-fat diet-induced obesity and insulin resistance are closely related to the CYP450 pathway. Exogenous EETs effectively decrease obesity-induced insulin resistance possibly through pro-angiogenesis and attenuation of hypoxia and inflammation.     

罗氏沼虾胚胎附着机制的初步研究

甲壳动物十足目的大多数种类,其受精卵自产出后就附着于亲体腹部,并完成胚胎发育过程直至孵化,这对于胚胎的发育、保护和幼体散布有重要的生物学意义。胚胎的附着机制较为复杂,与刚毛、卵柄、卵索、卵膜和黏液腺有关:卵柄和卵索的形成决定了胚胎发育的顺利进行;卵膜的变化影响着胚胎的附着;黏液腺在胚胎附着过程中形成卵柄和外层卵膜,胚胎是依靠卵柄或卵索附着于腹肢的刚毛上,进而完成胚胎发育过程。本研究采用常规组织学和扫描电镜的方法研究了罗氏沼虾(Macrobrachium rosenbergii)胚胎及其附着结构。结果表明,胚胎附着与母体腹肢的结构、黏液腺分泌的黏液相关,也与胚胎表面结构、次级卵膜的形态和结构密切相关。原肢底节和内肢刚毛密而长,基部有细小的分支,有利于胚胎的附着,外肢刚毛羽状则有利于胚胎的托附和保护。抱卵雌虾腹肢的原肢和内肢上布满腹肢黏液腺分泌的黏液;携卵刚毛中空、壁厚,刚毛外壁由微绒毛状结构组成,扩大了携卵刚毛的表面积,以利胚胎附着。胚胎外表面由初级卵膜和次级卵膜组成,次级卵膜主要由卵巢黏液腺分泌的黏液参与形成。排卵时,受精卵依靠坚韧的次级卵膜相互粘连,同时,部分受精卵在刚毛上滑动、旋转,并借助次级卵膜逐渐形成了卵柄或卵索固着在腹肢刚毛上。从受精卵到胚胎孵化,胚胎之间最主要的连接方式是依靠次级卵膜的连接。胚胎的表面有许多褶皱和黏液,利于胚胎的附着以及胚胎对溶氧和小分子物质等的通透。以上结构与附着相适应,保证了胚胎发育的顺利进行和幼体的正常孵化。本研究旨为进一步认识甲壳动物胚胎附着机制、胚胎发育和人工育苗的研究提供参考。[中国水产科学,2007,14(1):67-73]     

匈牙利小麦育种

简述了匈牙利小麦生产情况,重点介绍了匈牙利科学院农业研究所的小麦育种机构、育种方法、育种成就以及生物技术在小麦育种中的应用。     

影响激光熔覆质量的主要因素

激光熔覆层中的组织晶粒度和硬度高,稀释率低,抗摩擦磨损和抗腐蚀性能好;激光熔覆技术能改善零件质量,延长零件使用期限,提高生产系统的安全性和可靠性;本文分析了激光功率、光斑形状尺寸（或离焦量）和扫描速度、基体材料、熔覆层材料、搭接率等工艺参数对激光熔覆质量的影响规律及改善方法。     

基于GF-6/WFV卫星遥感的大田冬小麦叶片氮素含量估测

为对大田冬小麦叶片氮素含量（LNC）进行快速、准确及无损监测,通过在江苏省泰州泰兴市、盐城大丰区和南通如皋市布设冬小麦遥感监测大田试验,在获取试验样点冬小麦冠层红光波段反射率（RED_ref）、近红外波段反射率（NIR_ref）和计算的十个光谱指数（RVI、NDVI、DVI、SAVI、OSAVI、MSR、RDVI、EVI2、NLI和SVI）基础上,将12个遥感光谱指标与冬小麦LNC进行相关分析,选出与LNC相关性较好的作为模型输入变量,构建基于BP神经网络的冬小麦LNC估测模型, 并利用GF-6/WFV卫星遥感影像对县域冬小麦LNC的空间分布开展监测。结果表明,12个遥感光谱指标与冬小麦LNC之间存在不同程度的相关性,其中NDVI、RVI、MSR、OSAVI和NLI与冬小麦LNC的相关性较好（相关系数不低于0.65）。将优选的5个遥感光谱指标作为模型输入变量,构建基于BP神经网络的冬小麦LNC估测模型（LNC-BPEM）,模型的估测精度r²=0.866,RMSE=0.246%,ARE=12.9%。将冬小麦LNC-BPEM估测模型和GF-6/WFV影像结合对县域冬小麦LNC的空间信息监测,获得了如皋县域冬小麦LNC的空间分布特征,该区域冬小麦LNC范围在0.9%~2.0%（长势正常）的种植面积为29 693.3 hm²,占冬小麦总种植面积的74%。这说明利用GF-6/WFV卫星的多个遥感光谱指标与神经网络结合建模可有效估测县域大田冬小麦叶片氮素含量。     

春季阶段性增温对小麦抗晚霜冻性和产量的影响

为揭示气候变暖下春季升温对小麦抗晚霜冻及产量的影响,在田间条件下,以黄淮海北片广适主栽小麦品种济麦22和山农28为试验材料,在返青-拔节期以塑料温棚日均增温0.86～0.9℃,连续增温28 d左右,至穗分化为药隔期前揭棚,研究不同气候年型下小麦产量对晚霜冻的响应,并以小麦叶片抗氧化酶(SOD、POD、CAT)活性、相对...     

油松采脂对林木生长的影响初探

通过对山西省太岳林区油松采脂试验标地的研究,结果表明:连续2 a采脂对林木胸径和材积生长影响明显,导致林木平均胸径和材积生长率分别降低1.34%、18.62%;连续2 a采脂对树高也存在一定程度的影响,但影响不显著,树高生长率大约降低0.92%。     

生防菌XC-1的筛选、鉴定及其对马铃薯黑痣病的防效研究

从马铃薯根际土壤中分离筛选得到对立枯丝核菌有较强拮抗作用的菌株XC-1,对其进行鉴定及生防特性分析,并评价其对马铃薯黑痣病的生防效果.形态学、16S rDNA和gyrB基因序列分析以及生理生化检测结果表明,XC-1菌株为枯草芽孢杆菌(Bacillus subtilis).XC-1菌株具有产纤维素酶、蛋白酶及嗜铁素和HC...