不同催情药物对提高母豪猪繁殖性能的影响

为探讨添加不同催情药物对豪猪产仔数、平均初生重等繁殖性能的影响。选取2岁左右、胎次及产仔数相近的母豪猪100头,随机分为5组,每组20头,分别饲喂5种不同的日粮：对照组为基础日粮,试验Ⅰ组为基础日粮＋催情散;试验Ⅱ组为基础目粮＋中草药制剂;试验Ⅲ组为基础日粮＋“牲命1号”;试验Ⅳ组为基础日粮＋胎盘,进行3个月的饲养试验,并跟踪记录受配母豪猪数、产仔母豪猪数、产仔数、平均初生重等繁殖情况。结果表明：在基础日粮中添加中草药制剂对提高豪猪繁殖率优于在日粮中添加催情散、“牲命1号”、胎盘,效果最佳。     

黄芩地膜露头栽培密度研究

目的:探索地膜露头栽培模式下陇西同类地区黄芩栽培的最佳密度。方法:采用35 cm黑膜覆盖露头栽培模式,在控制统一行距的条件下,设计4种不同的株距进行田间栽培试验,通过观测黄芩地上部分、地下药用部位的生长量、试验区药材产量和种子产量等生物经济指标,结合经济效益分析,优选黄芩地膜露头栽培的最佳密度。结果:株距5 cm栽培的鲜药产量较高,但药材商品规格、产籽量均低,增产不增收;株距15 cm栽培的鲜药商品规格较高,但产量和产籽量均偏低,经济效益低;株距10 cm栽培的出苗率、鲜药产量、产籽量、田间长势、药材商品规格表现好。结论:黄芩35 cm黑膜覆盖露头栽培,在陇西同类地区的最佳密度为行距30 cm、株距10 cm,即亩保苗22 000-22 500株。     

Three novel single-nucleotide polymorphisms of MBL1 gene in Chinese native cattle and their associations with milk performance traits

Mannan-binding lectin (MBL), a pattern recognizing serum protein, participates in the innate immune system of mammals as an opsonin. In humans, single-nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) in MBL2 gene were found to cause various innate immune dysfunctions. In the present study, we discovered three single-nucleotide polymorphisms of the MBL1 gene in Chinese native cattle and analyzed their associations with milk traits. By screening the genetic variation of MBL1 in 1053 individuals of three Chinese native cattle breeds including China Holstein, Luxi Yellow and Bohai Black using created restriction site–polymerase chain reaction (CRS–PCR), PCR–restriction fragment length polymorphism (PCR–RFLP) and DNA sequencing techniques, three new SNPs, g.855G>A, g.2651G>A and g.2686T>C, were found to have allele frequencies of 0–12.65%, 24.07–42.39% and 56.95–73.68%, respectively. While SNP g.855G>A is located within intron ?, the other two SNPs reside in the exon II region with one mutation being non-synonymous (GTT (Val) > ATT (Ile)) and the other synonymous (GCT (Ala) > GCC (Ala)). Among the 596 Chinese Holstein cattle with at least 3 lactation Dairy Herd Improvement (DHI) records, eight different haplotypes and 19 genotype combinations were detected. Statistical analyses revealed no correlation between either g.855G>A or g.2686T>C and somatic cell score (SCS), however significant association was found between g.2651G>A and SCS, suggesting a possible role of this SNP in the host response against mastitis. Our data also suggested that the combined genotypes of GGC/AAC with the lowest SCS, AAT/AAT with the highest protein content and AGC/AGC with the highest 305-d milk yield were favorable combinations for mastitis resistance and milk production traits. Therefore, GGC/AAC, AAT/AAT and AGC/AGC can be used as possible candidates for marker-assisted selection in the dairy cattle breeding program.     

Effect of spineless cactus intake (<Emphasis Type="Italic">Opuntia ficus-indica</Emphasis>) on blood glucose levels in lactating sows and its impact on feed intake,body weight loss,and weaning-estrus interval

The effect of spineless cactus intake (Opuntia ficus-indica) on blood glucose (BG) levels in lactating sows and its impact on daily and total feed intake (dFI^?1 and TFI, respectively), body weight loss (BWL), and weaning-estrus interval length (WEI) were evaluated. Thirty-four hybrid (Yorkshire × Landrace × Pietrain) sows in lactation phase were used. Sows were divided into two groups: G1 (n = 17) where they received commercial feed and G2 (n = 17) provided with commercial feed plus an average of 2.0 ± 0.5 kg spineless cactus, based on a sow’s body weight. The variables evaluated were BG, dFI^?1, TFI, BWL, and WEI. Statistical analysis was performed by using a fixed and mixed model methodology, under a repeated measurements experiment. Group effects were found on all analyzed variables (P < 0.05). The BG was lower in G2 (55.2 and 64.5 mg/dL pre- and post-prandial, respectively), compared to that in G1 (70.9 and 80.1 mg/dL pre- and post-prandial, respectively) (P < 0.05). G2 showed better performance than G1 for dFI^?1, BWL, and WEI (P < 0.05) whose averages were 5.5 ± 1.8 kg, 7.4 ± 4.5%, and 5.3 ± 1.2 days, respectively. Averages for these variables in G1 were 4.7 ± 1.5 kg, 16.8 ± 4.6%, and 6.1 ± 1.6 days, respectively. Intake of spineless cactus reduced BG levels in lactating sows, generating greater dFI^?1, lower BWL at the end of lactation, and a lower WEI.     

多雨年份牛羊主要寄生虫病综合防制措施

由于今年我省降雨量偏多,部分地区已发生洪涝灾害,极易引发牛羊主要寄生虫病的暴发流行。为防止寄生虫病暴发造成重大经济损失,本文详细阐述了阻断牛羊主要寄生虫病传播的关键因素,并针对历年危害严重的东毕吸虫、肝片吸虫、胃肠道线虫和疥癣等几种主要寄生虫病的流行病学特点提出了综合防制措施,以期降低牛、羊主要寄生虫病的发生,提高牛、羊养殖业的经济效益。     

Effect of Soybean Meal Replaced by Brewer's Grain or Fermented Brewer's Grain on Growth Performance,Immune Organ Index and Intestinal Flora of Meat Geese

This experiment was conducted to investigate the effect of soybean meal replaced by brewer's grain (BSG) or fermented brewer's grain (FBSG) on growth performance,immune organ index and intestinal flora of meat geese.A total of 250 geese at 28 days of age were randomly assigned to 5 groups with 5 replicates per group and 10 geese per replicate.The geese in control group were fed a basal diet (with soybean);The geese in groups 1 and 2 were fed the basal diet with the 10% and 20% BSG replacing the soybean,respectively;The geese in groups 3 and 4 were fed the basal diet with the 10% and 20% FBSG replacing the soybean,respectively.The whole experiment period was 42 days,including three phases:15 d (early stage),14 d (middle stage) and 14 d (later stage).The results showed as follows:①From the whole experiment period,compared with control group,the ADG of geese in group 1 was significantly increased (P<0.05),the ADG and ADFI of geese in group 4 were significantly decreased (P<0.05),there were no obvious change in growth performance of geese in groups 2 and 3 (P>0.05).② Compared with control group,the thymus index and spleen index of geese in groups 1,2 and 3 were extremely significantly increased at early stage (P<0.01);At middle and later stages,the spleen index of geese in group 2 were significantly and extremely significantly increased (P<0.05;P<0.01);There were no significant differences in bursa of fabricius index of geese among all groups (P>0.05).③ Compared with control group,the number of Escherichia coli and Salmonella in cecum in groups 1 and 2 were extremely significantly decreased at early and later stages (P<0.01),while the number of Bifidobacteria and Lactobacillus were increased in different degrees;the number of Bifidobacteria and Lactobacillus in cecum in groups 3 and 4 were extremely significantly increased at later stage (P<0.01).In conclusion,10% BSG replacing soybean in the basal diet could improve the growth performance and intestinal flora of meat geese;10% FBSG replacing soybean in the basal diet could promote the growth of beneficial bacteria of meat geese,but had no effect on growth performance;While 20% replacing soybean in the basal diet could decrease the feed intake and weight gain of meat geese,hinder its growth and development.     

猪繁殖与呼吸综合征病毒GP5、M蛋白基因的克隆及其基因疫苗构建

参照GenBank中猪繁殖与呼吸综合征病毒(PRRSV)美洲型代表株VR2332 GP5和M蛋白基因序列,设计并合成2对引物,用RT-PCR方法分别扩增出PRRSV野毒株GP5和M蛋白基因603,525bp片段,并将其分别克隆到pMD18-T载体。测序正确后,将GP5和M蛋白基因分别克隆到真核表达载体pEGFP-C1上,成功构建基因疫苗表达载体pEGP5-C1和pEM-C1。小鼠免疫试验证实,这些基因疫苗质粒可以诱导小鼠产生特异性抗体,并在二免后1周开始检测到特异性淋巴细胞增殖反应。     

基施硒钴配合肥对苜蓿生产性能的影响

经过2006-2008年为期3年在硒钴缺乏的河南省郑州市黄河滩区苜蓿(Medicago sativa L.)草地上基施硒钴配合肥料,研究对其生产性能的影响,以期改善苜蓿生长环境和提高苜蓿产量和品质。结果表明,硒钴配合基施均能够显著提高现蕾到开花期苜蓿叶面积指数和净光合能力(P<0.05),提高苜蓿单位叶面积生产干物质的速率,有利于苜蓿的花前青干草生产;在4种硒钴配施肥中,以硒量570 g/hm²、钴量762 g/hm²配施效果最显著,2年内牧草平均增产8.0%(P<0.05),种子的千粒重提高了12.5%(P<0.01),耕作层地下生物量提高了4.6%。     

玉米酒精糟的营养价值及其对生长育肥猪肉品质的影响

玉米酒精糟(corn distillers dried grains with solubles,DDGS)是燃料乙醇工厂以玉米为原料发酵生产酒精的副产品,含有丰富的蛋白质、脂肪、有效磷和维生素,是一种良好的饲料原料。近年来,随着燃料乙醇工厂数量的增多、规模的扩大及加工工艺的改进,玉米DDGS的产量和质量也不断提高,并且被越来越多地用于养猪生产中。但是其中过高的脂肪含量,特别是不饱和脂肪酸,导致生长育肥猪的肉品质下降,对猪肉的货架期及深加工造成了一定的负面影响。作者综述了玉米DDGS的营养价值及其对猪肉品质的影响。     

Interpopulation and intrapopulation maternal lineage genetics of the Lanyu pig (Sus scrofa) by analysis of mitochondrial cytochrome b and control region sequences

The Lanyu pig is an indigenous breed from the Lanyu Islet, which is southeast of Taiwan. Two herds of Lanyu pigs were introduced from the Lanyu Islet into Taiwan in 1975 and 1980. The current population of conserved Lanyu pigs consists of only 44 animals with unknown genetic lineage. The Lanyu pig possesses a distinct maternal genetic lineage remote from Asian and European pigs. The present study aimed to understand the phylogenetic relationship among conserved Lanyu, Asian, and European type pigs based on the cytochrome b coding gene, to ascertain the maternal lineage and genetic diversity within the conserved Lanyu pigs, and to address whether genetic introgression from exotic or Formosan wild pigs had occurred in the conserved Lanyu pigs. Entire mitochondrial genomes of both types of Lanyu pig comprised 2 ribosomal RNA, 22 transfer RNA, and 13 protein-coding genes. Only 2 haplotypes of the mitochondrial DNA (mtDNA) control region and cytochrome b were identified in the conserved Lanyu pig herds. When maximum likelihood trees were constructed, the Type I Lanyu mitochondrial genes formed a unique clade with a large pairwise distance of both cytochrome b and the control region from Asian and European type breeds, Formosan wild pigs, and exotic breeds. Significant loss of genetic diversity of mtDNA within the conserved Lanyu pigs was demonstrated by low haplotype and nucleotide diversities, supported by Fu and Li's D* neutrality test (1.44055; P < 0.05). The mtDNA control region sequences of extant pigs in the Lanyu Islet, however, showed high haplotype and nucleotide diversity, and clustered with exotic pigs. These results indicate no maternal lineage mtD-NA gene introgression from Formosan wild pigs and introduced exotic pigs to conserved Type I Lanyu pigs, and a severe loss of heterozygosity of mtDNA in conserved Lanyu pigs. The remaining extant pigs on the Lanyu Islet have been introgressed with exotic breeds. Strategies for future conservation of native Lanyu pigs are now even more urgent and important.