不同催情药物对提高母豪猪繁殖性能的影响

为探讨添加不同催情药物对豪猪产仔数、平均初生重等繁殖性能的影响。选取2岁左右、胎次及产仔数相近的母豪猪100头,随机分为5组,每组20头,分别饲喂5种不同的日粮：对照组为基础日粮,试验Ⅰ组为基础日粮＋催情散;试验Ⅱ组为基础目粮＋中草药制剂;试验Ⅲ组为基础日粮＋“牲命1号”;试验Ⅳ组为基础日粮＋胎盘,进行3个月的饲养试验,并跟踪记录受配母豪猪数、产仔母豪猪数、产仔数、平均初生重等繁殖情况。结果表明：在基础日粮中添加中草药制剂对提高豪猪繁殖率优于在日粮中添加催情散、“牲命1号”、胎盘,效果最佳。     

Effect of spineless cactus intake (<Emphasis Type="Italic">Opuntia ficus-indica</Emphasis>) on blood glucose levels in lactating sows and its impact on feed intake,body weight loss,and weaning-estrus interval

The effect of spineless cactus intake (Opuntia ficus-indica) on blood glucose (BG) levels in lactating sows and its impact on daily and total feed intake (dFI^?1 and TFI, respectively), body weight loss (BWL), and weaning-estrus interval length (WEI) were evaluated. Thirty-four hybrid (Yorkshire × Landrace × Pietrain) sows in lactation phase were used. Sows were divided into two groups: G1 (n = 17) where they received commercial feed and G2 (n = 17) provided with commercial feed plus an average of 2.0 ± 0.5 kg spineless cactus, based on a sow’s body weight. The variables evaluated were BG, dFI^?1, TFI, BWL, and WEI. Statistical analysis was performed by using a fixed and mixed model methodology, under a repeated measurements experiment. Group effects were found on all analyzed variables (P < 0.05). The BG was lower in G2 (55.2 and 64.5 mg/dL pre- and post-prandial, respectively), compared to that in G1 (70.9 and 80.1 mg/dL pre- and post-prandial, respectively) (P < 0.05). G2 showed better performance than G1 for dFI^?1, BWL, and WEI (P < 0.05) whose averages were 5.5 ± 1.8 kg, 7.4 ± 4.5%, and 5.3 ± 1.2 days, respectively. Averages for these variables in G1 were 4.7 ± 1.5 kg, 16.8 ± 4.6%, and 6.1 ± 1.6 days, respectively. Intake of spineless cactus reduced BG levels in lactating sows, generating greater dFI^?1, lower BWL at the end of lactation, and a lower WEI.     

Interpopulation and intrapopulation maternal lineage genetics of the Lanyu pig (Sus scrofa) by analysis of mitochondrial cytochrome b and control region sequences

The Lanyu pig is an indigenous breed from the Lanyu Islet, which is southeast of Taiwan. Two herds of Lanyu pigs were introduced from the Lanyu Islet into Taiwan in 1975 and 1980. The current population of conserved Lanyu pigs consists of only 44 animals with unknown genetic lineage. The Lanyu pig possesses a distinct maternal genetic lineage remote from Asian and European pigs. The present study aimed to understand the phylogenetic relationship among conserved Lanyu, Asian, and European type pigs based on the cytochrome b coding gene, to ascertain the maternal lineage and genetic diversity within the conserved Lanyu pigs, and to address whether genetic introgression from exotic or Formosan wild pigs had occurred in the conserved Lanyu pigs. Entire mitochondrial genomes of both types of Lanyu pig comprised 2 ribosomal RNA, 22 transfer RNA, and 13 protein-coding genes. Only 2 haplotypes of the mitochondrial DNA (mtDNA) control region and cytochrome b were identified in the conserved Lanyu pig herds. When maximum likelihood trees were constructed, the Type I Lanyu mitochondrial genes formed a unique clade with a large pairwise distance of both cytochrome b and the control region from Asian and European type breeds, Formosan wild pigs, and exotic breeds. Significant loss of genetic diversity of mtDNA within the conserved Lanyu pigs was demonstrated by low haplotype and nucleotide diversities, supported by Fu and Li's D* neutrality test (1.44055; P < 0.05). The mtDNA control region sequences of extant pigs in the Lanyu Islet, however, showed high haplotype and nucleotide diversity, and clustered with exotic pigs. These results indicate no maternal lineage mtD-NA gene introgression from Formosan wild pigs and introduced exotic pigs to conserved Type I Lanyu pigs, and a severe loss of heterozygosity of mtDNA in conserved Lanyu pigs. The remaining extant pigs on the Lanyu Islet have been introgressed with exotic breeds. Strategies for future conservation of native Lanyu pigs are now even more urgent and important.     

乳酶LDH作为奶牛隐性乳房炎早期诊断指标的研究

为了筛选敏感的奶牛隐性乳房炎早期诊断指标,选择220头荷斯坦泌乳奶牛,分别采集乳汁进行体细胞计数和乳酸脱氢酶(LDH)活性测定.结果显示,隐性乳房炎奶牛乳汁中LDH活性显著高于健康奶牛(P＜0.05),乳汁体细胞数(SCC)与LDH活性呈正相关(r2=0.93).选择LDH活性>100 IU/L作为隐性乳房炎的判定阈值,诊断的敏感性为70%,特异性为82.3%,Jouden指数为0.52.结果提示,LDH可作为奶牛隐性乳房炎早期诊断指标.     

多重PCR对猪病毒性繁殖障碍疾病的调查分析

为了解猪群中病毒性繁殖障碍疾病的流行状况,用多重PCR诊断方法,对太原市附近14个养猪场和门诊病例共1068份样品进行了猪繁殖与呼吸综合征病毒（PRRSV）、猪瘟病毒（CSFV）、猪细小病毒（PPV）、猪伪狂犬病病毒（PRV）、猪圆环病毒2型（PCV-2）的检测,其平均感染率分别为：PRRSV 32%、CSFV 40%、PPV 20%、PRV 12%、PCV-2 27%。其中混合感染2种病毒的猪群为39%,感染2种病毒的猪为24%。用RT-PCR试剂盒对山西省11个地市66个猪场及121个散养户的1572份血样进行了PRRSV和CSFV的检测,结果PRRSV感染率为33%,CSFV感染率为46%。用间接血凝试验对61个县38个乡136个村179户的1593份血样进行了猪瘟免疫抗体的检测,平均合格率为43.9%,从而为防控此类疫病的发生,制定综合防制措施提供试验数据。     

蚕粪中提取叶绿素铜钠盐的稳定性研究

以蚕粪为原料,95%的乙醇为溶剂提取叶绿素,并通过化学法制得叶绿素的铜纳盐。采用721分光光度计对叶绿素铜钠盐进行定性、定量测定,确定该色素测定系统中的最大波长为414nm。通过测量吸光值研究了几种常用食品添加剂对叶绿素铜钠盐稳定性的影响,并对其耐光、耐热、耐酸碱及耐氧化性、耐还原性进行探讨。结果表明:叶绿素铜钠盐在70℃以下稳定性较好;光照对叶绿素铜钠盐稳定性的影响较大;还原剂(Na2S2O3)对叶绿素铜钠盐稳定性的影响较大,氧化剂在短时间内对其稳定性的影响不大,但放置的时间不宜超过30min;叶绿素铜钠盐在pH值为6以上的溶液中较为稳定,且有机酸及单糖对其稳定性无明显影响。     

菲律宾蛤仔2个壳色品系群体杂交的研究

于2007年10月,以F1代海洋红（R）和斑马蛤（Z）为材料,开展了2个壳色菲律宾蛤仔（Ruditapes philippinarum）品系的群体杂交。试验由RR（R♀×R♂）、ZZ（Z♀×Z♂）、RZ（R♀×Z♂）和ZR（Z♀×R♂）组成。结果表明,2个壳色品系亲贝壳长、重量和产卵量差异显著（P〈0．05）。各试验组卵径、受精率和D形幼虫大小元显著差异（P〉0．05）,但杂交组孵化率显著高于相应对照组（P〈0．05）。浮游期间幼虫未表现出明显的生长优势,但表现出一定的存活优势。RZ和ZR的生长优势平均值分别为（1．63±0．81）％和（2．58±0．67）％;生长速度分别为（8．64±0．32）和（8．67±0．31）μm·d^-1,显著高于相应对照组（P〈0．05）;存活优势分别为（10．30±1．92）％和（16．30±1．04）％。室内培育期间稚贝表现出明显的生长、存活优势。RZ、ZR的生长优势平均值分别为（11．25±2．98）％和（20．31±2．10）％;生长速度分别为（9．88±1．45）和（10．79±1．32）μm·d^-1,显著高于相应对照组（P〈0．05）,存活优势分别为（40．85±9．90）％和（57．08±11．98）％。     

多值映象在锥矩度量空间中不动点的存在性定理

在锥矩度量空间中引入多值映象,并获得了该映象在此空间中不动点的存在性定理.这个结果改进和推广了近期的相关结果.     

生态因子对地被石竹光合作用的影响

采用Li-6400型光合作用系统,对不同季节地被石竹的光合日变化进行研究,通过相关分析和通径分析,得出光合速率与生态因子间的关系,并综合曲线拟合和多元逐步回归分析方法对净光合速率(Pn)与影响因子建立相应的优化模型方程.结果表明:(1)地被石竹叶片Pn的日变化在春季和秋季呈单峰曲线型;夏季表现为双峰曲线型,具有典型的光合"午睡"现象.(2)春季,蒸腾速率和气温是直接影响地被石竹叶片Pn的主要因子;夏季,空气相对湿度、胞间CO2浓度和气温是直接影响Pn的主要因子;秋季,胞间CO2浓度和蒸腾速率是直接影响Pn的主要因子.(3)地被石竹光补偿点约为56.94μmol.m-2.s-1,光饱和点约为800μmol.m-2.s-1,补偿点、饱和点均较高,属于喜光植物.     

双限性四元家蚕新品种“农科2号”选育初报

农科2号是一个综合性状优良的多丝量双限性四元家蚕新品种。本文主要介绍了该品种的选育经过,分析了初步育成期实验室鉴定成绩和浙江省家蚕新品种实验室鉴定成绩,最后总结了该品种的原种和杂交种性状。