甜樱桃采后咯菌腈处理残留量试验

对采收后的甜樱桃进行杀菌剂咯菌腈不同浓度、不同浸泡时间、清水冲洗5分钟和不冲洗的处理,测定咯菌腈在果实上的残留量。结果表明,咯菌腈的残留以果实表面附着的药液为主,果实吸收的残留量很少。随着咯菌腈使用浓度的增加其残留量随之增加,用200mg/kg药液浸泡10秒、20秒、30秒、40秒、50秒、60秒和用100mg/kg、200mg/kg、300mg/kg药液浸泡20秒,果实咯菌腈残留量都低于国家规定的MRL限量标准。     

银耳工厂化生产培养罐的试验研究

对工厂化瓶栽银耳(Tremella fuciformis)所用培养罐的容积、瓶直径、瓶盖出菇口直径大小分别进行对比试验。结果表明,每瓶干料为260 g,培养罐容积960 cm3、瓶直径12 cm、出菇口直径4 cm为最佳条件,培养罐可保证银耳产量高、质量优,且培养罐抗压性好,适合工厂化生产。     

不同光照条件对脱镁叶绿酸钠光敏抑菌活性的影响

脱镁叶绿酸钠是叶绿素代谢中间产物脱镁叶绿酸a的水溶性钠盐,具有良好的光敏抑菌活性。为探索光照条件对其抑菌活性的影响,采用菌丝生长速率法,研究在不同光照度、光波长及光照时间条件下,脱镁叶绿酸钠对忽视拟盘多毛孢Pestalotiopsis neglecta的抑制作用。结果表明:20 mg/mL的脱镁叶绿酸钠在照度为2 000 lx的白光照射下对菌丝生长的抑制率为83.7%,在黑暗条件下抑制率为77.0%,表明光照对脱镁叶绿酸钠抑菌活性有显著影响 (P < 0.05);此外,白光的效果好于单色光;光照度及光照时间对抑菌活性也有显著影响,其中当照度为16 000 lx且光照时间为24 h时抑菌作用最强。     

Role of chlorogenic acid in endothelial dysfunction in db/db mice

AIM: To explore the effects of chlorogenic acid (CGA) on endothelial dysfunction in db/db mice and the possible mechanism. METHODS: Male db/db mice (n=12) were divided into control group and CGA group, with 6 mice in each group. The mice in CGA group were treated with diet containing 0.02% CGA, while the mice in control group were given normal diet only. The observation period was 12 weeks. Fasting blood glucose level, tail blood pressure and the body weight were analyzed each week. At the end of the 12th week, the mice were anesthetized and blood was taken from carotid artery. The plasma levels of heme oxygenase-1 (HO-1), catalase (CAT), NAD(P)H dehydrogenase quinone 1 (NQO1) and glutathione peroxidase-1 (GPx-1) were measured by ELISA. The mouse aortas were isolated, and the superoxide anion and nitric oxide (NO) levels were measured by DHE and DAF-2 DA staining, respectively. Wire Myograph System was used to detect the vasorelaxation of db/db mouse aorta. The protein levels of peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor α (PPARα), nuclear factor E2-related factor 2 (Nrf2), phosphorylated AMP-activated protein kinase (p-AMPK), phosphorylated endothelial NO synthase (p-eNOS), P22^phox and P47^phox were determined by Western blot. RESULTS: Dietary CGA decreased fasting blood glucose and body weight in db/db mice as compared with control group (P<0.01 or P<0.05). The plasma levels of HO-1, CAT, NQO1 and GPx-1 in CGA group were higher than those in control group (P<0.01 or P<0.05). Administration of CGA for 12 weeks attenuated superoxide anion level, increased NO level in the mouse endothelium and improved endothelium-dependent relaxation of the db/db mouse aorta. CGA also increased the protein levels of PPARα, Nrf2, p-AMPK and p-eNOS, and decreased P22^phox and P47^phox levels (P<0.01). CONCLUSION: Dietary CGA improves db/db mouse endothelium-dependent relaxation. This effect may be related to the increases in the levels of antioxidant molecules PPARα, Nrf2 and p-AMPK, and the up-regulation of antioxidant capacity, thus decreasing the oxidative stress, promoting eNOS phosphorylation, and increasing NO level.     

农药登记办法与管理

浙江宁波市某农药经营公司林先生问,一家农药生产企业向该公司提供了正在登记试验的农药,公司能销售吗?海南省余先生、成都市沈先生、河南省晋先生等,也提出了农药登记、农药生产和销售方面的法律规定问题。     

高台县露地哈密瓜引种试验

从新疆引进9个哈密瓜品种在高台县露地栽培,调查其田间长势、生育期、抗病性、抗逆性、坐果率,并结合室内品质与产量考察等综合分析。试验结果表明,西州蜜25号、西州蜜17号、西州蜜21号、欣红蜜5号4个品种综合表现良好,适宜在高台县露地栽培。     

李杏混栽园食心虫种类及其种群动态调查

以辽宁省果树科学研究所李杏资源圃为研究对象,利用4种食心虫的性诱剂,诱捕调查圃内食心虫发生种类及其种群消长动态。结果表明,李杏资源圃食心虫发生种类有梨小食心虫、李小食心虫、桃小食心虫和桃蛀螟4种,优势种群为梨小食心虫和李小食心虫。梨小食心虫后期蛾量高峰与低谷难以准确界定,世代重叠现象严重;李小食心虫一年有3个发生高峰期;桃小食心虫一年有2个发生高峰期。桃蛀螟全年只诱到3头成虫,可以忽略不计。     

辣椒新品种博辣艳丽的选育

博辣艳丽是以XL2016-105为母本,以SJ07-24为父本选育而成的一代杂交辣椒新品种。表现中熟,第1花着生节位11～13节,果形长线形且顺直,果长28 cm左右、宽2.0 cm左右,单果质量32 g左右,青果深绿色,光泽度好,老熟果鲜红色;香辣味浓厚,皮薄肉脆,鲜食风味佳;干物质含量高,剁制和酱制加工性能好;坐果集中且连续挂果能力强,667m~2总产量达3959.8kg;商品性好,易栽培,抗病抗逆能力强,适应性广。适宜长江流域地区春夏季保护地或露地栽培;适合鲜椒供应基地或剁制酱制加工基地高产栽培。     

辣椒花药开放式培养及不同基因型对花药培养的影响

为了创新花药培养方法,并用于筛选出再生频率较高的辣椒品种,通过改进花蕾灭菌和花药接种方式,以及向NTH培养基中添加抑菌剂,建立了1种辣椒花药开放式培养的方法,具体内容为:对剥去3/4花萼的花蕾灭菌时更易杀死花蕾表面细菌和内生菌;徒手挤压花药降低了对花药的伤害,且花蕾接种速度为镊子夹取处理的2.18倍;添加25 mg/L的氨苄青霉素和25 mg/L的两性霉素B可使花药染菌率降低至1.42%;简化了培养环节,可用于大规模胚状体诱导和双单倍体植株的获得。同时,比较了23个辣椒品种的花药培养效果,筛选到了3个再生频率高的辣椒品种,分别为博辣红牛、H15和辣八螺丝王。     

张掖市塑料大棚春茬西瓜品种筛选试验

为获得张掖市塑料大棚春茬西瓜种植的最适品种,通过田间随机区组排列试验,对6个不同西瓜品种进行了比较试验。结果表明:在所有品种中,凯旋2012的光合速率与667m~2产量最高,分别为1.28μmol/(m~2·s)和6.91 t;不同品种产量的高低顺序为凯旋2012特大丰抗88天福2号西农8号丰抗八号(CK)好梦1号;各参试品种可溶性糖含量的大小顺序为丰抗八号(CK)西农8号凯旋2012特大丰抗88天福2号好梦1号;各参试品种番茄红素含量的大小顺序为丰抗八号(CK)凯旋2012特大丰抗88西农8号好梦1号天福2号。凯旋2012产量最高,可溶性糖和番茄红素含量较高,综合品质较好,适宜在河西走廊地区推广。