微波消解氢化物-原子荧光光谱法同时测定食品中的砷和汞

用微波消解法处理样品,研究快速测定食品中砷和汞的原子荧光光谱法.结果表明,在建立的最佳工作条件下,用氢化物-原子荧光光谱法同时测定食品中砷和汞,砷的检出限为0.42μg/L,汞为0.06μg/L;砷的回收率为95%～105%,汞的回收率为92%～103%,测定结果的RSD均在10%以内,方法的检出限、精密度和准确度均能满足食品检验的要求.     

湿地水稻生产外部成本的主要成因案例研究

洞庭湖区水稻生产的外部成本高达4.19×109元,其中包括因化肥使用、农药使用、水稻田温室气体的排放、稻田农膜残留、稻田潜育化、围湖造田,它们所带来的外部成本分别为1.53×108,4.93×108,1.23×109,6.4×107,1.56×108,2.1×109元.从人口和资源配置的两大手段——市场和政府干预入手,探索洞庭湖区水稻生产的外部成本成因.研究结果表明,人口压力、市场失灵和政府调控不力是造成水稻生产外部成本的主要因素.人的有限理性、耕地产权不明确、水稻生产的负外部性、信息不完全等是市场失灵的主要因素,家庭联产承包制隐含的环境问题、环境法律体系的不足和公众环境权力的缺乏、激励机制的缺乏是政府调控不力的主要原因.     

中国亚热带中部藤本植物区系的基本特点

对中国亚热带中部（湖南、湖北）藤本植物区系特点和与邻近地区的关系进行了统计和分析．结果表明：该区共有土著藤本种子植物60科159属784种，其区系具有种类丰富、分布类型多样、特有成分较多、区系较古老等特点，在科、属水平上与贵州的关系最密切，在种的水平上与华东的关系最密切；与该区的全部种子植物区系相比，藤本植物区系的热带性更强，并与喜马拉雅及我国匿南有较强的地理渊源等特点．因此认为．复杂的地形和一定的海拔高度有利于藤本植物多样性的形成；许多热带性的科、属中的藤本植物能分布到其分布区的最北缘位置，代替直立的乔灌木生活型在分布的北缘地带生存．     

汽车气压ABS模糊控制应用研究

以汽车气压ABS为研究对象，利用Matlab／Simulink软件建立了两通道三传感器气BiABS的仿真模型。设计了针对气压ABS的自适应模糊控制器．通过横拟仿真，证实了自适应模糊控制气压ABS在壤小汽车制动距离、防止车轮抱死方面有明显的教果，分析了滞后时间、汽车总质量、汽车质心位置、路面附着系数和制动初始速度辱因素对气压ABS效果的影响．提出了“采用电-气制动方式减少滞后时间，取消传统制动总阀，增大前轮制动器因数和加装减速度传感器”等改进建议．     

水分胁迫对北京城市绿化树种水分状况和栓塞的影响

该文选取了北京3个城市绿化树种国槐、小叶黄杨和女贞为研究对象,采用便携式压力室SKYE(SKPM1400)和改良的冲洗法,分别测定了在不同水分状况下3个树种水势和导水率损失的变化规律.结果显示,3个树种忍耐低水势的能力是小叶黄杨>女贞>国槐,不同树种经抗旱锻炼后对水分胁迫的反应产生了差异.同时,不同水分条件下3个树种导水率损失变化情况有差异.     

Simulation of Potential Production and Optimum Population Quantitative Indices for the Second Hybrid Rice

The article established the HDRICE model by modifying the structure of the ORYZA1 model and revising its parameters by field experiments. The HDRICE model consists of the modules of morphological development of rice, daily dry matter accumulation and partitioning, daily CO₂ assimilation of the canopy, leaf area, and tiller development. The model preferably simulated the dynamic rice development because of the thorough integration of the effects of temperature and light on the rates of rice development, photosynthesis, respiration, and other ecophysiological processes. In addition, this model has attainable grain yield in the test experiment that showed the potential yield of cultivar Xieyou 46 ranged from 11 to 13 tons ha⁻¹. Besides, the model was used to optimize the combinations of the transplanting date, seedling age and density for cultivar Xieyou 46 at Jinhua area, and the population quantitative indices to attain the potential yield such as maximum stems, effective panicles, filled grain number/leaf area, and so on. The result showed that the combination of transplanting date on July 25, seedling age of 35 days and base seedling density of 1.33×10⁶ha⁻¹ is the optimum combination for the second hybrid rice production in Jinhua County, China. And the maximum stems, the effective panicles, the filled grain per panicle, the peak of optimum LAI, LAI in later filling stage, and the filled grain number/leaf were 6.03×10⁶ha, 3.99×10⁶ha, 119.2, 8.59, 5–6, and 0.64, respectively.     

Molecular Markers for Leaf Rust Resistance Gene Lr45 in Wheat Based on AFLP Analysis

Amplified fragment length polymorphism (AFLP) analysis was carried out in Thatcher, near isogenic lines (NILs) carrying different genes conferring resistance against wheat leaf rust, and TcLr45 x Thatcher F₂ progenies were used to develop markers for Lr45 gene. Sixty AFLP primer combinations were screened and most of them provided clear amplification products, 31 primer combinations displayed polymorphism of TcLr45 in 23 NILs. Two AFLP markers closely linked to the gene Lr45 were acquired: P-AGG/M-GAG_{261 bp}, which was found closely linked to the Lr45 locus at a distance of 0.6 cM on one side, and P-ACA/M-GGT_{105 bp}, which was found at a distance of 1.3 cM on the other side. The specific bands were cloned and subsequently sequenced. The 261-bp fragment produced by P-AGG/M-GAG showed 86% similarity with the sequence of Vulgare Hart I gene; the 105-bp fragment produced by P-ACA/M-GGT showed 96% similarity with the phosphatidylserine decarboxylase gene of the Triticum monococcum. Both included an open reading frame (ORF).     

复合氨基酸对小球藻的生长、叶绿素a含量及光合放氧量的影响

研究了液体和固体复合氨基酸对蛋白核小球藻(Chlorella pyrenoides)生长和生理活性的影响。结果表明,两种复合氨基酸对小球藻生长、叶绿素a含量和光合放氧量均有显著促进作用,液体复合氨基酸和固体复合氨基酸对小球藻促生长的最佳浓度分别为40 mg/L和11.12 mg/L。当液体复合氨基酸浓度为40 mg/L,相对生长率(RGR)较对照组增加了81.58%,平均倍增时间(G)缩短了45.08%,叶绿素a含量和光合放氧量比对照组分别增加了(72.25±1.69)%和(38.05±2.58)%;当固体复合氨基酸浓度为11.12 mg/L,相对生长率较对照组增加了17.31%,平均倍增时间缩短了14.48%,叶绿素a含量和光合放氧量比对照组分别增加了(119.03±4.72)%和(34.49±1.98)%。     

硼吸附对针铁矿表面性质的影响

分析了针铁矿吸附硼酸根离子后表面电化学性质的变化及其对体系pH值的影响,并测定了比表面积,讨论了硼吸附后增加针铁矿对H+吸附的可能机制.结果表明,针铁矿吸附硼后,其电荷零点(PZC)下降,且下降幅度随吸附硼量的提高而加大.随着针铁矿吸附硼量的提高,针铁矿的比表面积也明显增大,对H+的次级吸附容量和吸附能力相应增大.     

新农村建设中村干部的角色处境及对策

村干部是我国不列入国家正式编制的最末一级干部,从事着农村社会经济发展最基本的工作,他们来自基层,面对基层,其工作质量的优劣直接关系着我国社会主义新农村建设的成败.目前我国村干部的处境与工作状态令人担忧,他们压力太大,待遇偏低,生活来源困难,身份独特,处境两难.要帮助村干部走出困境,不仅要用规范化的制度严格约束,加强教育管理,而且要提高其待遇,切实解决他们遇到的各种问题,以真正发挥其在社会主义新农村建设中的砥柱作用.