‘金魁’猕猴桃果实品质的主成分分析与综合评价

【目的】为了建立一套适合‘金魁’猕猴桃果实品质评价的方法,并为优质高效猕猴桃园建设与栽培管理提供参考依据,【方法】对奉新县境内15个不同园地的‘金魁’猕猴桃的9个果实品质指标进行测定,应用隶属函数法对各项指标进行转化,采用DPS v7.05软件进行主成分分析,以前3个主成分作二维散点图分析,以主成分贡献率为权重计算样品前4个主成分值与相应权重之积的累加和,得到综合分值。【结果】主成分分析结果显示,前4个主成分的累积贡献率为87.84%,决定第1主成分大小的主要是可溶性固形物、可溶性糖、糖酸比、果形指数;决定第2主成分大小的主要是干物质含量、可滴定酸、固酸比;决定第3主成分大小的主要是维生素C、固酸比、可溶性固形物;决定第4主成分大小的主要是单果质量、维生素C;二维排序图揭示了不同园地‘金魁’猕猴桃前3个主成分的分布情况;15个不同园地‘金魁’猕猴桃果实品质综合评价结果为:MY8、MY13、MY7、MY10综合果实品质较优,MY4、MY1、MY11、MY9、MY6综合果实品质中等,MY5、MY12、MY2、MY3、MY14、MY15综合果实品质较差。【结论】本研究找出了‘金魁’猕猴桃果实品质综合评价的4个主成分,揭示了不同园地‘金魁’猕猴桃果实品质的差异。     

Construction and Identification of Yeast Surface Display Libraries of Ovis aries DRA Gene Exon 2

The specific primers were designed according to Ovis aries DRA gene sequence deposited in GenBank and the multiple cloning site of the plasmid pYD1,which was a vector used for protein surface display on Saccharomyces cerevisiae.The gene encoding DRA was amplified by PCR using the genomic RNA of Ovis aries.The 762 bp fragment was cloned and released in GenBank and registration number was KR422362.The PCR product was inserted into the yeast surface display plasmid vector pYD1 by double enzyme digestion.It was indicated that DRA gene was successfully integrated into the genome.Dot mutation was made at both ends of exon 2 in DRA gene for making restriction enzyme cutting site and design the exon 2 specific primers according to mutated Ovis aries DRA gene sequence.Sequenced exon 2 amplification products based on DNA pooling of sheep large sample template was analyzed the polymorphic loci.The polymorphic exon 2 246 bp fragment was obtained by double enzyme digestion and connected to surface display restructuring mutation carriers pYD1-DRA by the same double enzyme digestion,and then we successfully constructed yeast surface display libraries.We transformed it into Saccharomyces cerevisiae EBY100 cell.Yeast monoclone was identified by PCR amplification and sequencing,and we confirmed that DRA gene had been integrated into Saccharomyces cerevisiae genome.After galactose induced,it was detected that DRA gene library had been successfully demonstrated on the yeast cell surface under the fluorescence microscope by immunofluorescence method.     

自然降雨条件下化学钾肥配施有机肥对烟草生长及产量的影响

【目的】探明在自然降雨条件下化学钾肥配施有机肥对烟草云烟87生长发育、产量及经济效益的影响,为贵州省黔东南州烟草种植区烟草钾肥的合理施用提供科学依据。【方法】采用田间小区试验,设置4种施钾水平,分别为0水平(K_0:0 kg/hm^2)、1水平(K_1:120 kg/hm^2)、2水平(K_2:240 kg/hm^2)和3水平(K_3:360 kg/hm^2),4个施肥处理,同时每个处理配施有机肥(菜枯,M)2 250 kg/hm^2,调查各处理烟草在生育期内烟株主要的农艺性状、病害发生情况、烘烤后烟叶的经济性状和烟叶产量。【结果】在成熟期,K_3处理烟株各项农艺性状除节间距外均显著优于K_0处理(p<0.05),与K_0处理相比,K_3处理烟株的株高、最大叶面积、叶片数、茎围、节间距和根体积依次分别增加了27.64%、35.16%、56.38%、35.36%、17.06%和63.03%,与K_2处理相比,K_3处理相应指标增加了2.55%、4.83%、2.21%、29.27%、16.43%、22.64%。与K_0处理相比,K_3处理烟株的赤星病、花叶病和黑胫病的发病率分别降低了51.69%、41.16%和45.35%,病情指数分别降低了44.27%、28.87%和41.56%,K_2处理相应病情发病率分别降低了28.63%、22.30%、35.61%;病指数分别降低了34.68%、10.18%、31.40%。随着施钾增加烟叶产量呈增加趋势,K_3处理烟叶的产量和产值比K_0处理分别提高了26.60%和36.03%,上等烟和中上等烟比例分别提高5.82%和2.26%,K_3处理产值显著高于K_0、K_1、K_2处理。【结论】与其他施肥处理相比,K_3处理烟株大田长势好,农艺性状好,抗病能力强,可提高产量和经济效益。     

Screening of Probiotics Inhibiting E. coli K88 in vitro

The probiotics tested in the experiment were isolated from the intestinal of weaning piglets.The isolated probiotics and E.coli K88 were inoculated into the culture of intestinal porcine epithelial cell-1 (IPEC-1).The activity of lactate dehydrogenase (LDH) in the supernatant was measured after incubating for 2.5 h.At the same time, the probiotics and E.coli K88 were co-cultured in vitro, the number of E.coli K88 was counted and the probiotics which could be resistant to the E.coli K88 were selected 2.5 h later.The results showed that the Lactobacillus casei and Bacillus coagulans could significantly reduce LDH activity (P<0.05), decrease the damage of E.coli K88; Bacillus coagulans could inhibit the growth of E.coli K88.At the same time, Bacillus coagulans could resist high temperature, acid and bile salt.The results showed that Bacillus coagulans strains had great potential as the application of probiotics strains.The methods could be used as a model of screen probiotics which could inhibit the growth of E.coli K88 in vitro.     

生物质炭对伊乐藻堆肥过程氨挥发的作用效应研究

针对水生植物堆肥过程中氮素损失严重的现状,探讨以生物质炭为添加剂的堆肥体氨挥发控制技术,以伊乐藻和稻草为供试材料,采用静态高温好氧堆肥的方法,在生物质炭不同添加比例条件下,监测了伊乐藻与稻草混合堆置过程中氨挥发及其影响因素的变化动态。结果表明:整个堆肥过程中,氨累积挥发量与生物质炭添加比例关系密切(P0.01),与不添加生物质炭的常规对照处理相比,添加比例为5%、10%的处理增加了氨的累积挥发量,而添加比例为15%、20%的处理降低了氨的累积挥发量;不同堆肥时间段,生物质炭不同添加比例处理0~3 d的氨累积挥发量均大于对照,4~6 d的氨累积挥发量,除添加比例5%处理外,均小于对照;伊乐藻堆肥体的氨挥发速率与堆温、铵态氮含量具有显著的偏相关性,其偏相关性均达到P0.05的显著水平;增加生物质炭添加比例,不仅提高了堆肥温度,对堆肥体的氨挥发损失具有负向的促进作用,同时也降低了堆肥体的铵态氮含量,对堆肥体的氨挥发损失具有正向的抑制作用,生物质炭对伊乐藻堆肥体氮素的氨挥发损失具有促进与抑制双重性的作用效应。     

河流污染物输送对巢湖水质影响研究

研究采用零维模型,以Ⅲ类水为控制目标,对巢湖CODMn、TP、NH3-N的水环境容量进行了估算,同时研究了入湖支流污染物输送对巢湖水质的影响。结果表明,Ⅲ类水质目标下巢湖CODMn、TP、NH3-N的水环境容量分别为6.21×104、0.04×104、0.85×104t·a-1。CODMn年均背景储量为3.17×104t·a-1,占巢湖水环境容量的51%,而TP与NH3-N年均背景储量均大于其水环境容量。因此,在Ⅲ类目标水质下,巢湖仅允许有CODMn的排放,且年均允许排放量为3.04×104t·a-1。入湖支流每年向巢湖输送CODMn4.56×104t、TP 0.25×104t、NH3-N 5.15×104t,其中CODMn年均输送总量小于其水环境容量,但大于允许排放量。因此,入湖支流污染物的输送会加剧巢湖水质恶化,削减支流污染物排放成为控制巢湖水质恶化的关键途径。     

一株木霉菌(Trichoderma sp.)TY2纤维素酶最佳产酶条件及部分酶学特性研究

[目的]筛选高活力纤维素酶产生菌,高效利用纤维素资源.[方法]从朽木和和纸浆样品中分离筛选出一株产纤维素酶活较高的菌株TY2.对其形态和18S rDNA特征序列分析鉴定为木霉菌(Trichoderma sp.).对菌株发酵条件及酶学特性进行研究.[结果] TY2菌株的最佳产酶条件为:1;滤纸+2;麸皮+0.5;葡萄糖为碳源,0.5;蛋白胨为氮源,起始pH 5.0,温度28 ℃,200 r/min,5 d,其CMCase和FPase活力分别达412.5 和100.3 U/mL.经分离纯化出TY2菌株内切β-葡聚糖苷酶.内切β-葡聚糖苷酶最适反应温度为60 ℃,最适反应pH为4.6,在50 ℃以下,pH 3.0～5.0,酶活性稳定,且在80 ℃仍具有降解CMC-Na的效果.同时研究发现铜离子、锌离子、钾离子和钠离子对内切β-葡聚糖苷酶的酶活有促进作用,而汞离子有明显的抑制作用.[结论]所筛选的TY2菌株具有潜在的工业应用价值.     

杂交大豆生殖生长期冠层生理及产量构成特征

以吉林省审定的杂交豆1号、杂交豆2号2个杂交大豆品种和同熟期常规品种吉育72和吉林30为材料,探讨生殖生长期杂交大豆高产冠层生理,分析产量构成特性,明确杂交大豆增产部分生理机制。结果表明,2010-2011年,杂交大豆比常规品种分别增产13.9%和16.7%。杂交大豆R6期以后叶片叶绿素含量,R2(始花期)~R7(成熟初期)期光合速率和R2~R4 (盛荚期)期叶面积指数均显著高于常规品种,2010年杂交豆1号和杂交豆2号最大叶面积指数分别为8.09和8.30,远高于常规大豆最大适宜叶面积指数,且生育后期叶面积指数没有陡然下降。杂交大豆品种R2~R7期生物产量均显著或极显著高于常规品种,生物产量平均积累速度和最大积累速度分别比常规品种高0.06 g d^–1和0.20 g d^–1,干物质积累速率加快时间和积累速率开始减缓时间分别比常规品种提前3.09 d和5.85 d,干物质积累早发优势显著。杂交大豆百粒重、主茎荚、粒重与常规大豆差异不显著,但分枝荚、粒重极显著增加。而杂交大豆R7期籽粒占生物产量比例和粒茎比与常规品种差异不显著。表明强大的冠层优势,快速的干物质积累和较高生物产量,是杂交大豆高产的生物学基础。     

安徽省“三绿工程”建设现状及可持续发展对策

阐述了“三绿工程”对社会经济、可持续发展和构建和谐社会的重要意义,并就安徽省“三绿工程”建设现状提出了“三绿工程”建设的目标和可持续发展的对策。     

宁夏爱伊河工程的多重功能分析

宁夏爱伊河工程是集沟道整治、防洪排水、城市景观、生态建设、中低产田改造为一体的自治区重点水利工程。就爱伊河工程的水资源优化配置、水污染承载和净化、节水型社会建设、湖泊湿地生态水源保障、生物多样性保护、繁荣休闲旅游和民族文化等多重功能进行了分析。