宁麦9号与扬麦158株高及其构成因素的遗传解析

宁麦9号与扬麦158是我国长江中下游麦区的主栽品种和骨干亲本,长江中下游麦区近3年来审定品种中80%都是其衍生后代,研究其性状的遗传具重要意义。以宁麦9号与扬麦158为亲本构建的包含282个家系的重组自交系群体为材料,利用Illumina 90k芯片对群体进行基因型分析,建立高密度遗传图谱。连续3个生长季对株高及节间长度、穗长等株高构成因素进行测定,结合遗传图谱对株高及相关性状进行QTL定位,获得14个控制株高及其构成因素的稳定表达位点。通过进一步位置比对,聚焦到6个染色体区段,初步明确了各节间对株高的遗传调控机制。同时,将6个染色体区段中同源性较低的连锁标记转化为适用于高通量筛选的KASP标记,利用101份区域试验材料进行标记效应验证,结果显示聚合Qph-2D与Qph-5A.1两个位点具有较高的选择效率,继续聚合Q2A后,中选材料显著减少,可能降低选择效率;对Q2A与Q5A两个一因多效位点的选择建议以降低株高的等位变异为主;Qd1-5D可作为穗下节间(D1)的选择标记对株高展开优化选择。期望以上结果能为长江中下游麦区的小麦株高遗传改良提供帮助。     

利用DH群体进行白菜株高和开展度的QTL定位分析

应用AFLP、SRAP、RAPD、SSR及同工酶等标记构建的326个标记位点的白菜遗传图谱和81个DH株系群体,采用M apQTL 5软件对白菜的株高和开展度进行QTL定位。结果表明：通过2年试验,在10个连锁群上共检测到27个QTL,主要分布在R 5、R 10连锁群上：其中控制株高的有11个,控制开展度的有16个;获得2年稳定表达的控制株高的QTL 1个,控制开展度的QTL 3个;各QTL加性效应各不相等,其遗传贡献率为13.3%-29.2%;控制株高和控制开展度的QTL位点表现为紧密连锁或相似的位置,主要集中在R 5连锁群上。     

紫花苜蓿MsSQE1的克隆及对皂甙合成的功能分析

【目的】鲨烯环氧酶(squalene epoxidases,SQE)是苜蓿皂甙合成途径中的一种限速酶,与苜蓿皂甙的合成密切相关。通过对苜蓿鲨烯环氧酶(MsSQE1)基因的克隆及在苜蓿中过表达,探究鲨烯环氧酶对皂甙合成的作用机制。【方法】以模式植物蒺藜苜蓿鲨烯环氧酶基因序列设计引物,同源克隆苜蓿MsSQE1。对MsSQE1进行生物信息学分析;通过基因枪轰击技术,使MsSQE1在洋葱表皮瞬时表达,进行亚细胞定位。利用qRT-PCR方法分析该基因在根、茎、叶中的表达水平,以及在紫外辐射、ABA和GA3条件下的表达模式。在茉莉酸甲酯(MeJA)的诱导下,分析MsSQE1的转录水平,及对苜蓿皂甙含量的影响。利用根癌农杆菌转化体系,获得过表达MsSQE1的阳性转基因植株,并测定转基因植株的皂甙含量。【结果】克隆了MsSQE1的cDNA序列,开放阅读框1 578 bp,编码525个氨基酸,等电点为8.59。同源性比对分析,其氨基酸序列与蒺藜苜蓿中SQE1氨基酸序列同源性为98.6%,与拟南芥的同源性为80%。亚细胞定位显示,MsSQE1可能定位于细胞膜。组织特异性表达分析显示,MsSQE1在叶中的表...     

1992—2015年呼伦贝尔草原区不同草地类型分布时空变化遥感分析

【背景】呼伦贝尔草原作为我国温性草原的重要组成部分,其独特的地理位置、典型的生态及气候特点、代表性的生产方式决定其在草原畜牧业生产中的重要地位,同时也是我国北方的绿色生态屏障,发挥着生态缓冲区功能。草地作为重要的陆地生态系统之一,在农牧业生产、生态及环境保护、气候变化等方面具有重要的意义。【目的】明确不同草地类型的空间分布及变化规律,为草地研究及管理提供依据。【方法】以呼伦贝尔草原区不同草地及地物类型为研究对象,以1992年、2015年遥感影像为数据源,采用支持向量机、面对对象分类法获得研究区地物类型空间分布数据,以地统计方法分析时空变化特征,结合植物-生境学分类法划分地带性草地类型潜在分布、社会统计数据、地物类型转化过程分析气候变化、人类活动对草地类型分布的影响。【结果】研究区耕地、林地、沙地碱地、人工表面4种地物类型面积增加,草地、水体面积减少。草地作为研究区最大的覆盖类型,1992年、2015年分布面积为7 601 258 hm²、7 148 085 hm²,减少幅度5.96%。研究区分布典型草原、草甸草原、低地草甸、山地草甸及沼泽,前...     

Paspalines C–D and Paxillines B–D: New Indole Diterpenoids from Penicillium brefeldianum WZW-F-69

Five new indole diterpenoids named paspaline C–D (1–2) and paxilline B–D (3–5), as well as eleven known analogues (6–16), were identified from fungus Penicillium brefeldianum strain WZW-F-69, which was isolated from an abalone aquaculture base in Fujian province, China. Their structures were elucidated mainly through 1D- and 2D-NMR spectra analysis and ECD comparison. Compound 1 has a 6/5/5/6/6/8 hexacyclic ring system bearing 2,2-dimethyl-1,3-dioxocane, which is rare in natural products. Compound 2 has an unusual open F-ring structure. The cytotoxic activities against 10 cancer cell lines and antimicrobial activities against model bacteria and fungi of all compounds were assayed. No compound showed antimicrobial activity, but at a concentration of 1 μM, compounds 1 and 6 exhibited the highest inhibition rates of 71.2% and 83.4% against JeKo-1 cells and U2OS cells, respectively.     

Antibacterial Mechanism of Chitosan–Gentamicin and Its Effect on the Intestinal Flora of Litopenaeus vannamei Infected with Vibrio parahaemolyticus

To explore the application of chitosan–gentamicin conjugate (CS-GT) in inhibiting Vibrio parahaemolyticus (V. parahaemolyticus), which is an important pathogen in aquatic animals worldwide, the antimicrobial activity of CS-GT and the effects of a CS-GT dose on the intestine histopathology and intestinal flora of V. parahaemolyticus-infected shrimps were explored. The results showed that CS-GT possessed broad-spectrum antibacterial activity, with minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC), minimum bactericidal concentration (MBC) and half inhibitory concentration (IC₅₀) of 20.00 ± 0.01, 75.00 ± 0.02 and 18.72 ± 3.17 μg/mL for V. parahaemolyticus, respectively. Further scanning electron microscope and cell membrane damage analyses displayed that the electrostatic interaction of CS-GT with cell membrane strengthened after CS grafted GT, resulting in leakage of nucleic acid and electrolytes of V. parahaemolyticus. On the other hand, histopathology investigation indicated that high (100 mg/kg) and medium (50 mg/kg) doses of CS-GT could alleviate the injury of a shrimp’s intestine caused by V. parahaemolyticus. Further 16S rRNA gene sequencing analysis found high and medium dose of CS-GT could effectively inhabit V. parahaemolyticus invasion and reduce intestinal dysfunction. In conclusion, CS-GT possesses good antibacterial activity and could protect shrimps from pathogenic bacteria infection.     

Oncolytic Vaccinia Virus Carrying Aphrocallistes vastus Lectin (oncoVV-AVL) Enhances Inflammatory Response in Hepatocellular Carcinoma Cells

Aphrocallistes vastus lectin (AVL) is a C-type marine lectin derived from sponges. Our previous study demonstrated that oncolytic vaccinia virus carrying AVL (oncoVV-AVL) significantly enhanced the cytotoxicity of oncoVV in cervical cancer, colorectal cancer and hepatocellular carcinoma through the activation of Ras/ERK, MAPK/ERK and PI3K/Akt signaling pathways. In this study, the inflammatory response induced by oncoVV-AVL in a hepatocellular carcinoma cell (HCC) model was investigated. The results showed that oncoVV-AVL increased the levels of inflammatory cytokines including IL-6, IL-8 and TNF-α through activating the AP-1 signaling pathway in HCC. This study provides novel insights into the utilization of lectin AVL in the field of cancer therapy.     

城市化和城市绿地对城市鸟类影响的研究进展

通过查阅2000—2019年以城市鸟类为主题的文献,归纳出城市鸟类学研究的3个热点议题,即人为干扰对城市鸟类的影响,城市绿地、城市化与城市鸟类群落关系的研究,植物群落组成对城市鸟类栖息地的影响。在此基础上分析了城市化和城市绿地对城市鸟类影响的研究现状,进而对城市绿地景观设计提出了展望。     

蒋白纹枯病菌菌丝融合群及其致病性测定

菌丝融合型测定结果表明，32个茭白纹枯病菌菌株隶属于两个菌丝融合群：30个属AG1群，占测定菌株的93．95％，其中AG1-IA、AG1－IC两亚群菌株依次为24与6，有两菌株为AG4，占6．25％。显然，AG1－IA为优势融合群，占测定菌株的75％。融合群致病性测定结果表明，AG1－IA致病性强，AG1－IC弱，AG4基本不致病。茭白与水稻两种纹枯病菌交互接种，其发病基本一致。由此，作者认为这两种纹枯病菌为同一病原物，或者说茭白、水稻是同一病原物的两个寄主植物。     

Identification,Characteristics and Function of Phosphoglucomutase (PGM) in the Agar Biosynthesis and Carbon Flux in the Agarophyte Gracilariopsis lemaneiformis (Rhodophyta)

Agar is widely applied across the food, pharmaceutical and biotechnology industries, owing to its various bioactive functions. To better understand the agar biosynthesis in commercial seaweed Gracilariopsis lemaneiformis, the activities of four enzymes participating in the agar biosynthesis were detected, and phosphoglucomutase (PGM) was confirmed as highly correlated with agar accumulation. Three genes of PGM (GlPGM1, GlPGM2 and GlPGM3) were identified from the G. lemaneiformis genome. The subcellular localization analysis validated that GlPGM1 was located in the chloroplast and GlPGM3 was not significantly distributed in the organelles. Both the GlPGM1 and GlPGM3 protein levels showed a remarkable consistency with the agar variations, and GlPGM3 may participate in the carbon flux between (iso)floridoside, floridean starch and agar synthesis. After treatment with the PGM inhibitor, the agar and floridean starch contents and the activities of floridean starch synthase were significantly decreased; products identified in the Calvin cycle, the pentose phosphate pathway, the Embden-Meyerhof-Parnas pathway and the tricarboxylic acid cycle were depressed; however, lipids, phenolic acids and the intermediate metabolites, fructose-1,6-phosphate were upregulated. These findings reveal the essential role of PGM in regulating the carbon flux between agar and other carbohydrates in G. lemaneiformis, providing a guide for the artificial regulation of agar accumulation.