不同燕麦品种的镉毒害效应及耐镉性差异

为探讨不同燕麦品种耐Cd能力的差异,采用营养液培养,对10个燕麦品种的Cd毒害效应及耐Cd性差异进行了研究。结果表明,供试燕麦品种添加5 μmol·L^-1 Cd处理20 d后,幼苗生物产量均低于对照,不同品种间降幅差异显著,其中“品5号”生物产量下降幅度最小,耐Cd指数最高,而“坝莜6号”生物产量降幅最大,耐Cd指数最低。Cd胁迫条件下,供试燕麦品种叶绿素含量、根系活力均有不同程度降低;POD活性、Pro含量不同程度增加,并且这些指标的增减幅度品种之间差异显著。Cd胁迫下,各品种叶片POD活性增加率、Pro增加率与耐Cd性呈显著正相关,根系活力降低率与耐Cd性呈显著负相关,这三者可作为燕麦耐Cd性的生化指标。     

Identification of two haplotypes of cytochrome oxidase subunit II (COII) gene of the Formosan subterranean termite,Coptotermes formosanus Shiraki (Isoptera: Rhinotermitidae), in southern Mississippi

BACKGROUND: Coptotermes formosanus Shiraki was accidentally introduced into the United States from Asia. The introduction of the pest has brought significant economic consequences. During the past decade, Mississippi has become a significantly infested state, partly due to the proximity to coastal port cities such as New Orleans. This study was initiated to investigate the origin and infestation route of C. formosanus in southern Mississippi. RESULTS: Twenty‐eight colonies (21 colonies from Mississippi, six from Louisiana, one from China) were collected. Sequencing and analysis of 112 sequences revealed 15 haplotypes of cytochrome oxidase subunit II (COII) gene in the world. Two haplotypes of COII were identified in Mississippi. In addition, specific primers were designed and tested differentially to amplify characteristic fragments for verifying and surveying different genotypes of C. formosanus in the future. CONCLUSION: Of the two haplotypes identified in Mississippi, the GA group was identical to those reported previously in Georgia, Louisiana, Alabama and other infested states. The second haplotype, the AT group, was identified for the first time in southeastern United States. Sequence identity of the AT‐group C. formosanus with those reported mainly in southeastern Asian countries provided evidence of at least two introductions of C. formosanus into the United States. Copyright © 2010 Society of Chemical Industry     

不同土壤含水量对根茎冰草幼苗生长发育的影响

本研究采用盆栽试验方法,研究了不同土壤含水量对根茎冰草种子萌发出苗和幼苗生长发育的影响。土壤含水量共设5个处理,分别为26%2、1%、17%、12%、7%。试验时间共60d。结果表明:土壤含水量17%为种子萌发出苗的最适含水量,出苗率可达96%,土壤含水量7%时,根茎冰草种子不能萌发出苗。土壤含水量对根茎冰草幼苗生长发育也有明显影响,土壤含水量21%时,最先达到分蘖期;土壤含水量12%时,基生叶片最长,可达31.0cm,生长速度最快,为0.52cm/d,地上生物量最高,达0.18g。随着土壤含水量的降低,根长度增加,根尖数增多,沙套粗度降低,其中土壤含水量12%时,各项指标的测定值达到最大,根系总体积为0.06cm3,表面积为4.98cm2,地下生物量为0.35g,占总体生物量的66%,根尖数达到1206个,是土壤饱和含水量26%的3倍。     

Environmental quality assessment model of urban soils based on improved BP algorithm

The input and output samples for the network are determined through random function and pre processed with scaling in interval (0.2, 0.8). The neutral units in the hidden layer is decided by the trial and error method and an a model of artificial neural network(ANN) with a structure of 7∶8∶1 are established for the assessment of environment quality of urban soils. BPANN model is simulated through programming in Matlab 6.0. It is found that the BPANN model is reliable for assessing accurately and objectively the environment quality of the urban soils. With Changchun as a case study, it is concluded that the environment quality of urban topsoil is generally good and about 81% of the area reached the first level of national environmental quality standard for soils. It should be mentioned that the heavy metals pollution in local area is serious and should not be neglected, and some effective control measures of reducing heavy metal pollutants discharges should be put forward to ensure the sustainable use of urban soil resources.     

Environmental toxicity identification of ancient smelting slag

The corrosion and extraction toxicity of heavy metal in ancient smelting slag is analyzed. Leaching behavior of heavy metal in smelting slag is discussed through extraction toxicity test of different pH values. The results show that the pH of smelting slag is alkalescence, the heavy metal content is high and the average content of heavy metal (zinc plus plumbum) is up to 6.97%. However, most of heavy metal in smelting slag is in residual state. Its extraction toxicity is low and potential harm for environment is obviously weakened. It indicates that forecasting heavy metal’s potential harm for environment in smelting slag by totalizing method is not accurate. The leachable quantities of heavy metals significantly increase in extremely acidic and alkaline condition. The leachable quantities of Zn, Pb, Cr and Cd are all up to maximum when pH<3. The leachable quantities of Zn, Pb and Cr all increase when pH>12, but the extracting amount is lower than that in acidic condition. The leachable quantity of Zn, Pb, Cr and Cd is minimal in neutral condition. Under normal rainfall conditions, potential harm for environment of ancient smelting slag is decreased to a lower level. It can be treated according to the requirement for general industrial solid wastes.     

乙酰化二淀粉磷酸酯淀粉的制备工艺研究

以马铃薯淀粉为原料,醋酸酐为酯化试剂,三偏磷酸钠为交联剂制备了乙酰化二淀粉磷酸酯。通过单因素试验,研究pH值、试剂添加量、反应时间、反应温度对沉降积和乙酰化取代度的影响。采用正交试验,确定了乙酰化淀粉的最佳反应条件:醋酸酐用量7%,温度30℃,pH值10,反应2 h;交联淀粉的最佳反应条件:三偏磷酸钠用量2.0%,温度45℃,pH值11,反应2 h。     

基于Excel函数应用的森林资源二类调查数据逻辑检查

以海南省保亭和昌江二县森林资源二类调查小班数据录入后的逻辑检查为例,比较了应用Excel函数编程进行检查与利用森林资源二类调查数据处理软件进行检查的工作效率,结果认为,采用Excel可极大地提高数据录入效率.分析了数据录入过程中可能产生的几种逻辑错误,有针对性地编写了Excel函数逻辑检查程序.     

广西地方花生种质资源的鉴定和评价

采用田间种植、室内测定等方法对205份广西地方花生种质资源进行植物学特性、主要经济、品质性状和抗病性观察鉴定,为合理有效利用花生品种资源提供参考.结果表明,205份花生种质资源以直立型、疏枝型为主;主茎高21.4～73.4 cm,单株结果数8.5～31.0个,百果重81.3～214.6 g,百仁重33.7～87.8 g,出仁率54.6%～78.4%,单株生产力6.5～32.5 g;珍珠豆型和多粒型品种蛋白质含量较高,龙生型含量较低;多数品种抗晚斑病,未发现高抗锈病、病毒病品种.筛选出优质高产花生品种名山红花生、罗荣红花生、绍水花生3及富川1号等,已在生产上推广应用.     

春性双低甘蓝型油菜杂交种和亲本指纹图谱构建及杂交种纯度鉴定

从140对SSR引物中筛选出13对多态性好的引物,构建了14份材料的DNA指纹图谱,筛选出青杂2号、青杂5号共显性SSR标记,检测了青杂2号、青杂5号大田抽样F1群体L15、L41的纯度。结果表明SSR标记鉴定检测方法比大田检测更快更准确。     

软烤扇贝原料处理过程中的细菌学研究

对软烤扇贝原料不同热处理的细菌特性和有关化学特性进行了研究,并对细菌类别和菌相进行了定性和定量分析。结果表明,鲜活扇贝经过蒸汽加热4min、6min和8min后,扇贝原料样品的pH值无明显差异,均为6.58左右,水分含量依次降低1%,菌落总数均为103cfu/g,耐热菌数均为102cfu/g,并呈依次降低的趋势,大肠菌群均未检出。不同热处理原料样品的细菌种类均为耐热的革兰氏阳性杆菌和球菌,菌相比较单一,主要包括芽孢杆菌、葡萄球菌、微球菌和少量棒状杆菌。市售和企业处理样品水分含量分别为77.67%和76.80%,pH偏高,接近中性,市售样品菌落总数偏高,为106cfu/g,耐热菌数为103cfu/g,企业处理样品菌落总数接近104cfu/g,耐热菌数为102cfu/g。市售和企业处理样品均检出大肠菌群,表明加热不足,处理过程不良,有待改进。