刺葡萄的品质分析及加工性能研究

选取湖南省几个有代表性产地所生产的刺葡萄进行了品质分析,对其加工特性进行了讨论。结果表明,刺葡萄主要成分的平均含量为:总糖13.21%,总酸0.35%,糖酸比37.8,抗坏血酸21.92m g/100g,单宁0.04%,蛋白质0.88%,果胶0.81%和纤维素0.23%。从加工性能分析,刺葡萄是制造果汁的优良原料。     

陕北农牧交错带牧草生产力分析

根据陕北农牧交错带的生态环境特点以及牧草生长发育过程对水热资源的要求和利用效率,运用迈阿密模型定量估算陕北农牧交错带七县区牧草自然生产力。并与牧草现实生产力进行比较。研究表明:陕北农牧交错带牧草现实生产力仅为自然生产力的30.80%。基本掌握了该区牧草生产力状况和特点,并据此提出了相应的开发战略和实施途径。     

猪HK2基因的克隆及序列分析

为克隆猪己糖激酶2基因,分析其生物功能,采用已报道的人及小鼠HK2的cDNA序列为依据,利用电脑克隆策略获得的ESTs设计引物,扩增新的猪HK2基因cDNA序列。将PCR产物克隆测序,分析获得的核苷酸序列及其编码蛋白的特性,分离的开放阅读框全长2754bp,编码917个氨基酸,与人和小鼠的核苷酸序列同源率分别为90%和87%,与人和小鼠的氨基酸序列同源率分别为96%和94%,利用生物信息学软件分析出此蛋白的理化特性并预测了其蛋白结构,为进一步开展猪HK2基因的结构功能、表达调控的相关研究奠定了基础。     

高温堆肥过程中除臭保氮技术研究进展

在畜禽粪便等有机固体废物高温堆肥化过程中,臭味排放及氮素损失已经越来越受到国内外学者的关注。阐述了堆肥化过程中氮素挥发特点及损失途径,介绍了国内外堆肥保氮除臭的三类方法：（1）堆肥过程中采取适宜的工艺条件;（2）堆肥原料中使用不同的添加剂;（3）综合处理。还对硫酸亚铁、沸石和普钙等在堆肥过程中的应用进行了综述。     

有机磷农药的微生物修复回顾与前景展望

综述了有机磷农药微生物修复的研究进展,总结了有机磷降解菌的来源、种类、降解途径、基因定位及其工程菌的构建,客观地分析了微生物修复的优缺点。此外,讨论了苏云金杆菌在农药污染的微生物修复领域的潜在的应用前景,并针对可能存在的问题提出了一些研究思路。     

生物质糖化和乙醇发酵菌种资源的研究进展

世界能源安全正面临着挑战。发展清洁可再生的生物质燃料乙醇越来越被重视。菌种资源在燃料乙醇生产中起到至关重要的作用。概述了生物质糖化和乙醇发酵菌种资源的研究进展,并展望了今后的研究方向。     

Effects of plastic film mulch and tillage on maize productivity and soil parameters

This paper determined the effects of mulching time for double furrows and ridges using plastic film on soil water status, grain yield of maize, soil quality, and economic benefits. The study was conducted in a typical semiarid area during two growing seasons of 2006–2007 with the following three treatments: (i) plastic film mulching at maize sowing with conventional tillage, and the film was removed at harvest (CK); (ii) mulching applied 30 d before sowing with conventional tillage, and the film was removed at harvest (T1); and (iii) mulching at sowing with no-tillage, and the film left on the field after harvest in the first season and used for mulching in the second season (T2). The T1 in both years and T2 in the second year (2007) improved soil water content (in the 0–60 cm layer) and temperature (10 cm) at sowing compared with CK. After the two seasons, the soil water content was significantly higher in the 0–80 cm soil layer in CK and T1, and in the 0–120 cm soil layer in T2; however, it decreased significantly in 140–200 cm soil layer in CK and T1, compared to their initial values at sowing in April 2006, and there was no significant change in T2. The rainfall storage in the 0–200 cm soil layer during the non-growing season (late September 2006 to late April 2007) was 18.2 mm in CK, 34.0 mm in T1, and 59.7 mm in T2, and the rainfall storage in 100–200 cm soil layer was 16.5 and 18.6 mm higher in T2 than in CK and T1, respectively. In 2006, there were no significant differences in yield and water use efficiency (WUE) in all treatments. In 2007, the yield in T1 was significantly higher than in T2, but yields in T2 and CK were not significantly different, and there was no significant difference in WUE among treatments. Soil organic carbon (SOC) (0–20 cm) decreased in CK and T1, but increased (by 2.7%) in T2 at harvesting in September 2007 from the initial value of sowing in April 2006. The ratio of output to input was 1.32:1 for CK, 1.40:1 for T1, and 1.67:1 for T2 averaged across the two seasons. Therefore, T2 was a more sustainable model for increasing water storage, producing greater economic benefit and maintaining SOC balance for maize production in semiarid area.     

施用膨润土对土壤含水量和有机质含量的影响

通过田间条件下砂滤管试验，研究了不同膨润土施用量及有机物料对砂土土壤含水量和有机质含量的影响。结果表明，施用膨润土和有机物料能显著地提高砂土土壤含水量和有机质含量，且二者存在明显的交互作用，差异达极显著水平，施用膨润土能明显增加土壤有机质的累积是，说明在施用同样有机物料的前提下，施用膨润土可有显著提高砂土土壤有机含量。     

挖拔式木薯收获机挖深液压控制装置的设计与试验

针对挖拔式木薯收获机在收获过程中带有一定倾角的挖掘铲有朝着深度方向行进的趋势,增加了挖土量及挖掘负荷等问题,提出了基于液压控制系统调整挖深的设计思路。为此,研制了一种挖深液压控制装置,主要由地表仿形机构、挖掘铲液压调节机构、液压系统及PLC控制系统4部分组成;同时,对液压系统的负载特性进行系统分析计算,选取了合适的执行元器件,并在此基础上进行土槽实验。结果表明:地表仿形机构,最大误差8.9%,平均误差3.5%;掘铲液压控制系统的响应时间为1.7s,1s内完成对挖出铲的角度与深度自动调节,测试效果能够满足精准挖深控制要求。