单·吡啉防治水稻中后期多种害虫应用技术研究

水稻中后期是多种害虫并发时期,也是药剂进行总体防治的关键时期。为此,我们经过反复试验研究开发了一种新型稻田主要害虫总体防治的理想药剂──单·吡啉。在稻飞虱二、三龄若虫高峰期或螟虫卵孵高峰期,每666．7m2用单·吡啉100g对水常现喷雾,适期用药1次,对稻飞虱、稻纵卷叶螟、二、三化螟的防效均达95％左右,显著优于目前推广的药剂,是当前水稻害虫总体防治的理想药剂。     

甜菜夜蛾人工饲料研究

在室温26±1℃,相对湿度75％～80％的条件下,分别以3种人工饲料和天然饲料(空心菜叶)对甜菜夜蛾幼虫不同龄期进行饲养比较。结果表明,除1龄幼虫成活率偏低外,3种人工饲料对甜菜夜蛾的发育历期和发育状况与天然饲料基本相似。以黄豆粉为主成分配制的人工饲料饲喂甜菜夜蛾,其化蛹率、蛹重、产卵量和雌雄性比等均优于天然饲料,而且具有配制简便、成本低、不易霉变的特点。通过3代的继代繁殖表明,无论是人工饲料,还是天然饲料,其继代的幼虫成活率和产卵量等均明显下降。     

西方盲走螨保护越冬的研究

引自加利福尼亚的西方盲走螨释放于兰州地区苹果园,由于不能抵御当地1月份低温,未能自然越冬。针对该螨越冬场所:对苹果大树用旧棉絮、麦颖等材料,外围以塑料薄膜包扎枝干;对幼树,采取树冠下地表盖草压土等保护措施,使该螨存活越冬,翌年继续发挥控制李始叶螨的作用。     

沉香虎头兰多倍体诱导及其鉴定

沉香虎头兰（Cymbidium iridioides）主产滇西，滇南热带雨林。目前栽培的主要是二倍体品种，本研究对其进行多倍体诱导，以期在短期内培育出现赏价值高，繁殖率高的多倍体新品种，为我国野生兰花资源的保护与持续利用开辟一条新的育种途径。     

果树基因工程研究的现状与展望

利用植物基因工程进行果树遗传改良是一个新的研究领域．研究进展较大，并在10多种果树上获得了转基因植株。本文综述了近年来果树基因工程所取得的进展。但要通过基园工程使果树品种改良走向实用化，还应在提高转化率和植株再生率、果树主要农艺性状遗传分析及转基因的表达和调控等方面作进一步深入研究。     

1-甲基环丙烯和温度对桃和油桃贮藏品质的影响

 以‘秦光2 号’油桃和‘秦王’桃为试材, 在0 ℃和5 ℃两种贮藏温度条件下研究了1-甲基环丙烯(1-MCP) 对果实呼吸速率、乙烯释放速率、硬度、可滴定酸含量、可溶性固形物含量及果肉褐变的影响。结果表明, 0 ℃的贮藏温度能显著降低秦光2号油桃和秦王桃的呼吸速率和乙烯释放速率, 减缓果实软化。1μL·L ^-1的1-MCP 处理能降低果实的呼吸速率和乙烯释放速率, 抑制果实软化, 减少果肉褐变,但对可滴定酸和可溶性固形物含量无明显影响。     

The disturbance of calcium metabolism of vascular smooth muscle in the late phase of septic shock and the underlying mechanism

AIM: To evaluate the alterations in calcium metabolism of the vascular smooth muscle in the late phase of septic shock and test the hypothesis that nitric oxide might be involved in sepsis-induced vascular hyporeactivity. METHODS: Male Sprague-Dawley rats were subjected to sepsis by cecal ligation and puncture (CLP). 18 hours post CLP, rat aortic rings were employed for measurement of contractile responses by using organ bath technique. RESULTS: In endothelium-denuded aortic rings from CLP rats, concentration-contraction curves to phenylephrine (PE) and KCl were significantly decreased when compared to that from sham control rats. The transient contraction induced by PE in calcium-free Krebs solution and the concentration-dependent contraction to CaCl₂ in KCl-depolarized medium were also markedly reduced. The hyporeactivity was partially reversed by treatment with aminoguanidine, a selective inducible nitric oxide synthase inhibitor. CONCLUSION: An impairment in calcium handling in vascular smooth muscle is involved in the vascular hyporeactivity during the late phase of septic shock, in which an excessive nitric oxide production might be the major mechanism.     

硫酸铜防治绿藻试验

立柱式盆钵水培蔬菜极易滋生绿藻，本试验采用不同浓度的CuSo4溶液控制绿藻的生成和减少绿藻的发生取得了初步成效。试验结果表明，可在大棚生产空闲时期用0.5%CuSO4溶液杀死绿藻，但CuSo4溶液不能作为生产用水以免对蔬菜产生药害。     

九种李属植物的RAPD亲缘关系分析

 以李属植物9 个种的20 个材料为研究对象, 用RAPD技术对其进行亲缘关系分析。在建立适合李属植物的PCR2RAPD反应体系的基础上, 从45 个随机引物(10 mer) 中筛选出24 个, 对所有供试材料进行扩增, 共获得24 张DNA 指纹图谱, 326 条DNA 谱带, 其中有311 条为多态带。建立了基于RAPD 的李属植物亲缘关系树形图, 树形图的聚类结果与经典的李属植物的起源、分布和分类基本一致。另外, 根据聚类结果, 作者认为: 1) 乌苏里李是中国李的一个变种而非一独立的种; 2) 杏李是一李杏杂种且与杏有较近的亲缘关系; 3) 从分子水平证明了欧洲李(Prunus domestica L. ) 是由樱桃李(P. cerasifera Ehrh. ) 和黑刺李(P. spinosa L. ) 自然杂交形成的后代。     

PI3-kinase and mitogen-activated protein kinase in cumulus cells mediate EGF-induced meiotic resumption of porcine oocyte

Previous studies have shown that epidermal growth factor (EGF) has the ability to promote in vitro cultured porcine oocyte maturation. However, little is known about the detailed downstream events in EGF-induced meiotic resumption. We designed this study to determine the relationship of EGF, EGFR, phosphatidylinositol 3-kinase (PI3-kinase), MAPK, and germinal vesicle breakdown (GVBD) during oocyte maturation. Our results showed that GVBD in cumulus-enclosed oocytes (CEOs) but not in denuded oocytes (DOs) was induced by EGF in a dose-dependent manner, which indicated that cumulus cells but not oocyte itself were the main target for EGF-induced meiotic resumption. Furthermore, we found that MAPK in cumulus cells rather than in oocyte was activated immediately after EGF administration. To explore whether EGF exerts its functions through MAPK pathway, the activities of EGF receptor (EGFR) and MAPK were inhibited by employing AG1478 and U0126, respectively. Inhibition of MAPK blocked EGF-induced GVBD, whereas inhibition of EGFR prevented MAPK activation. Both AG1478 and U0126 could lead to the failure of EGF-induced GVBD singly. Notably, we found that LY294002, a specific inhibitor of PI3-kinase, effectively inhibited EGF-induced MAPK activation as well as subsequent oocyte meiotic resumption and this inhibition could not be reversed by adding additional EGF. Thus, PI3-kinase-induced MAPK activation in cumulus cells mediated EGF-induced meiotic resumption in porcine CEOs. Together, this study provides evidences demonstrating a linear relationship of EGF/EGFR, PI3-kinase, MAPK and GVBD and presents a relatively definitive mechanism of EGF-induced meiotic resumption of porcine oocyte.