腐植酸浸种对玉米种子萌发及幼苗生长的影响

【目的】 研究低温(18℃)下不同品种和不同浓度的腐植酸对玉米种子萌发及幼苗生长的影响,筛选出低温下适宜玉米生长的腐植酸及浓度。【方法】 以新玉64号(Zea mays L.)品种为材料,研究不同浓度(50、200、500、1 500、3 000、5 000 μg/mL)下腐植酸钾(HA₁)、硝基腐植酸(HA₂)、黄腐酸钾(HA₃)浸种处理对种子萌发情况,幼苗相关生理指标变化的影响。【结果】 50 ~ 1 500 μg/mL腐植酸浸种在不同程度上有利于玉米种子萌发,有效的提高种子发芽势、发芽率,提高幼苗脯氨酸含量及根系活力,增强种子淀粉酶活性。综合各项指标,HA₁、HA₂和HA₃处理最佳的浸种浓度分别为200、500、50 μg/mL,其中又以HA₃处理表现最优。【结论】 在早春低温时使用50 μg/mL HA₃溶液处理种子的方法较优,可促进种子萌发,调节相关酶活性,提高植物的抗逆性。     

麦麸促进平菇生长的初步研究

在棉籽壳培养基中辅加１０％麦麸或０．４ｌ％尿素均能促进平菇苗丝生长和呼吸消耗，提高于实体生长阶段ＣＭＣ酶、ＨＣ酶活性和绝对生物学效率，而在棉籽壳培养基中辅加微量的维生素Ｂ＿１，对平菇生长无促进作用。这表明：氮素对平菇的生长有重要影响，棉籽壳培养基中的麦麸对平菇生长的促进作用与麦麸中的氮素有关，而与麦麸中的维生素Ｂ＿１无关。     

新疆的主要河流全年及枯水期水质状况的分析和预测

本文对新疆境内已有水质监测资料的主要河流,进行水质评价和预测。进而对枯、丰、平各期的水质状况进行分析比较,以了解掌握新疆主要河流水质的规律和特点,特别是影响较大的枯期水质的规律和特点。     

Rootstock Induced Seasonal Changes of N,P and K Nutrient Levels in Satsuma Mandarin cvs. ‘Okitsu’, ‘Clausellina’ and ‘Silverhill’

Rootstocks-scion relations have critical consequences about nutritional status, tree vigour, resistance to pest and pathogens, yield and yield quality. In this study, we therefore investigated seasonal variations of leaf mineral nutrient concentrations in Satsuma mandarin’s cvs. ‘Okitsu’, ‘Clausellina’ and ‘Silverhill’ budded on different citrus rootstocks under Dörtyol-Hatay, Turkey ecological conditions. Nitrogen (N), phosphorus (P) and K (potassium) concentrations of the leaves showed slightly similar trend each other, in general these nutrients reduced from January to March–April, and increased during the growing season until mid- and late summer, then decreased until December. Despite rootstocks did not significantly affect the leaf N, P and K concentrations rootstock-scion relation was pre-eminent and nutrient dependent. Most conspicuous scion dependent changes were recorded for K concentration whereas P concentration was little influenced. In terms of scion-rootstock combination, the range of N and K concentrations were 2.11% (‘Okitsu’/sour orange) to 2.34% (Silverhill/sour orange), and 1.09% (‘Okitsu’/Carrizo citrange) to 1.39% (‘Clausellina’/Carrizo citrange), respectively; but P concentrations were highly similar %0.13 (‘Okitsu’/sour orange) – %0.16 (‘Clausellina’/Carrizo citrange), in the entire growing season. It can be concluded that there are considerable differences in nutrient uptake ability of scion-rootstock combination.     

气象因子与羊草生长高度的关系研究——以内蒙古草甸草原区为例

为研究1990—2017年内蒙古草甸草原羊草生长高度与主要气象因子之间的关系,根据内蒙古草甸草原气候特点,选取呼伦贝尔市牧业气象试验站1990—2017年历年5月1日—8月31日各旬降水、温度、日照时数及其相应累加值等6个水热环境参数变量,以及同期同地区羊草生长高度监测数据,建立羊草生长高度与主要气象因子关系模型,对羊草高度与气象因子之间的关系进行相关与回归分析。结果表明,羊草生长高度与返青日期呈负相关,与5月中旬降水量、6月中旬日照时数、5月1日—6月20日降水总量呈正相关;5月1日—6月20日降水总量可以影响到7月中旬羊草高度,是影响羊草高度年内最高值的重要气象因子;以旬为单位通过逐步回归的方法建立了各旬羊草生长高度与气象因子的关系模型。研究结果为该地区草地植物生长动态变化研究提供了基础数据。     

紫色土区植物篱对坡面土壤微生物特性的影响

土壤微生物是土壤的重要组成部分,对土壤肥力的形成和植物营养的转化起着积极的作用,是土壤肥力和环境变化的重要指标。通过土壤微生物量测定,研究新银合欢植物篱对紫色土区坡地农耕地、经济林地2种土地利用方式及10°,15°坡度下0-20cm土层土壤微生物特性的影响。研究发现：新银合欢植物篱可以明显提高土壤中细菌、放线菌、真菌的数量及微生物量碳、氮含量;植物篱对经济林地小区土壤微生物数量,微生物量碳、氮的影响作用总体上大于对农耕地小区的,同时对10°农耕地的影响作用总体上大于对15°农耕地的;下坡的三大微生物数量,土壤微生物量碳,氮平均含量明显比上坡的多,下坡距离植物篱带最近采样点处三大微生物数量,土壤微生物量碳,氮含量明显比其他采样点的多。表明定植新银合欢植物篱有利于减少土壤肥力衰退,有利于土壤碳、氮素固持。     

Chemical Fractions of Phosphorus: The Effect of Soil Orders,Soil Properties,and Land Use

Low availability of phosphorus (P) in Turkish soils is a significant problem of agricultural production depending on carbonates in slightly weathered and iron/aluminum oxides in highly weathered soils. Thus, crop-based P fertilization along with inherited nature of P partition can lead to changes in the amounts and geochemical fractions of phosphorus. For this reason, horizon-based surface samples were taken from 16 soil series that belong to four orders with different pedotransfer functions. The geochemical phosphorus fractions were sequentially extracted by sodium bicarbonate (NaHCO₃), sodium hydroxide (NaOH), citrate-dithionite-bicarbonate buffer system (CBD), hydrochloric acid (HCl), and aqua-regia. Results indicated that weathering sequence was inversely related to plant available P fractions. The fertilizer P was possibly converted to HCl-extractable (Ca-Pi) fraction in calcareous soils through NaOH-Po and NaHCO₃-Po fractions whereas it accumulated in the CBD-P fraction in relatively weathered soils. The carbonates and Al/Fe oxides were most significant constituents in P partitioning as consequences of parent material and weathering chronosequence.     

硝酸银对黄瓜雌性系的诱雄效应

以黄瓜全雌性系S17为材料,采用不同浓度的硝酸银,对处于不同时期的黄瓜幼苗进行诱雄实验．结果表明,在黄瓜幼苗的2叶期,连续2次对其进行喷施浓度300mg/L的硝酸银溶液,其诱雄效果最好．具体表现在出现雄花的数目多（20节内）,第一雄花节位低,死株率低等特征．     

哈密垦区葡萄裂果病预防及药剂选用综合措施的研究

葡萄裂果病的发生是影响哈密垦区葡萄主栽品种无核白葡萄产量、品质的直接因素,为综合防治葡萄裂果病造成的危害,研究了无核白葡萄栽培中灌水量与生长调节剂的调控、搭建避雨棚、喷稀土处理以及化学药剂的综合预防措施效果。结果表明:稀土处理、搭建避雨棚和覆地膜处理的葡萄生长状况较好、裂果病发生较轻;灌水量与生长调节剂对葡萄裂果都具有很大的影响,并且全年灌水量为12 000m3.hm-2左右,生长调节剂260mg.kg-1(拉穗80mg.kg-1、膨大期180mg.kg-1)为宜;43%好力克和72.2%普力克水剂防治效果较好,分别达75.3%和67.03%。     

The effect of infrared stabilized rice bran substitution on B vitamins,minerals and phytic acid content of pan breads: Part II

The effect of replacing wheat flour by infrared stabilized rice bran (SRB) at the levels of 2.5, 5.0 and 10.0% on the content of thiamine, riboflavin, niacin, pyridoxamine, pyridoxine, minerals and phytic acid in white wheat, wheat bran, and whole grain wheat breads was investigated. The incorporation of SRB significantly increased the amount of the noted B vitamins, especially niacin, in all bread types (p < 0.05). Zinc, iron, potassium and phosphorus levels of the breads increased gradually and significantly with the inclusion of SRB (p < 0.05). Moreover, phytic acid content of the breads increased proportional to the SRB substitution dose (p < 0.05).