Energy balance and partition in Inner Mongolia steppe ecosystems with different land use types

Land use change and grassland degradation are two of the most critical problems ubiquitously found in arid and semi-arid areas in Northern China. Energy fluxes, including net radiation (R_n), latent heat flux (LE), sensible heat flux (H) and soil heat flux (G), were examined over an entire year (December 2005 to November 2006) in different steppe ecosystems – the steppe and cropland in Duolun and the fenced and grazed steppe in Xilinhot – in Inner Mongolia based on direct measurements from four eddy-covariance flux towers. The seasonal changes in R_n, LE, H and G of the four sites were similar, with very low values during the period of snow cover from December to February, followed by a gradual increase in the growing season. The opposite seasonal patterns of the LE and H fraction resulted in significant seasonal changes in Bowen ratio (β). Human activity in cropland ecosystems not only resulted in a rapidly shift between LE and H, but also triggered a decrease in latent heat fraction because of a shortened growing season of crop plants. The significantly positive relationships between canopy surface conductance (g_c) and LE/LE_eq of all of the study sites suggested that a lack of precipitation coupled with high VPD conduced remarkable decreases of stomatal conductance. This could impede the latent heat partitioning of available energy (R_n − G) in semi-arid ecosystems, Inner Mongolia. The obvious decrease in the values of g_c and the decoupling factor (Ω) in both the cropland and the degraded steppe suggested that land use change could depress latent flux fraction and increase its sensitivity to air and soil drought.     

Cultivation and grazing altered evapotranspiration and dynamics in Inner Mongolia steppes

To examine the effects of cultivation and grazing on evapotranspiration (ET), continuous measurements of ET were conducted over almost two years, from December 2005 to September 2007, using the eddy-covariance technique in two paired ecosystems: a steppe and a cropland in Duolun and a fenced and a degraded steppe in Xilinhot, Inner Mongolia, China. The ET of the four ecosystems approached or exceeded precipitation in both years. During the growing season (May–September), cultivation reduced the ecosystem ET in Duolun by 15% in the wet year (2006) and 7% in the dry year (2007). Grazing reduced the ET of the steppe in Xilinhot by 13% during the growing season of 2006, while there was similar ET between the degraded and fenced steppes in 2007. The low soil moisture in the cropland and the degraded steppe compared with the steppe at each area was the reason for the decrease in ET of the steppe ecosystems. In addition, a shorter growing period during the growing season, due to the changes in type and phenology characteristics of the vegetation associated with cultivation, was suspected for the reduction in ET in Duolun. The low soil moisture, due to the low precipitation in the dry year, limited vegetation growth and decreased canopy surface conductance (g_c), resulting in reduced plant transpiration. In addition, cultivation and grazing increased the sensitivity of ET to soil moisture in the dry year, suggesting that future changes in precipitation would not only affect ET by changing soil moisture directly, but would also influence the relationship between ET and soil moisture.     

楹树枝枯病病原菌的研究

文章描述了楹树枝枯病的症状,经分离培养,初步鉴定病原菌为可可球二孢菌(Botryodiplodia theobromae Pat.),并对该病的病原及其发生规律等方面进行研究,提出木蠹蛾的发生与楹树的发病有一定的关系。     

种鸡场消毒管理关键点控制技术

质量是铸就品牌的基石。华都峪口禽业作为中国蛋种鸡领域中的领袖企业,长期致力于解决"产不出"、"卖不出"两大难题,凭借自身长期积累的蛋鸡及种鸡饲养管理经验,在推出健康养殖理念的同时,不断创新,其具有自主知识产权的4A级雏鸡质量生产体系为推动我国蛋鸡行业健康持续发展做出了突出贡献,视为行业典范。我们推出的峪口禽业"4A级雏鸡质量管理"技术顾问专栏,邀请来自峪口禽业的专家们与您一起分享其4A级雏鸡质量管理精髓。     

猫杯状病毒自然弱毒株的分离鉴定及对猫的免疫试验

在进行猫狂犬病流行病学调查时,从猫的唾液中发现了杯状病毒.通过对病毒进行分离和形态学、理化学、动物感染试验和分子生物学等鉴定,证明该病毒为猫杯状病毒(FCV)自然弱毒株.免疫试验证明,该毒株可以诱导猫产生较高水平的中和抗体,且能持续50周以上,并能抵抗FCV强毒株攻击而不发病.     

猪细小病毒SYBR Green Ⅰ模式实时定量PCR检测方法的建立

根据GenBank猪细小病毒(PPV)的NS1基因序列,设计一对特异性引物,采用SYBR Green Ⅰ随机结合渗入法,建立实时定量PCR检测方法,构建了检测PPV的标准DNA模版,循环阈值(Ct)与标准质粒DNA模板在7.8×101～7.8×108拷贝/μl浓度范围内呈良好的线性关系,相关系数为0.997。该方法用于猪细小病毒的检测具有很高的特异性,其敏感性与常规PCR相比可以提高100倍,可以用于猪细小病毒的快速检测。     

Determination of isoflavones in red clover by capillary electrophoresis with electrochemical detection

Capillary electrophoresis with electrochemical detection (CE-ED) was employed to analyze isoflavones in red clover (Trifolium pratense). The effects of potential of working electrode, pH and concentration of running buffer, separation voltage and injection time on CE-ED were investigated. Operated in a wall-jet configuration, a 300 microm diameter carbon-disk electrode was used as the working electrode, which exhibits a good response at +0.85 V (versus saturated calomel electrode) for the analytes. The analytes could be separated in a 50 mmol/l borate buffer (pH 9.5) within 25 min. The response was linear over three orders of magnitude with detection limit (S/N=3) ranging from 2x10(-5) mg/ml to 5x10(-5) mg/ml for the analytes. This method has been used for the determination of daidzein, genistein and biochanin A in red clover with satisfactory results.     

桑园主要杂草鉴别与防除

阐述了桑园主要杂草的种类、形态特征和生态特点,并提出了防除杂草的主要方法。     

FucP mediates fucose to regulate T3SS in Edwardsiella piscicida and promotes intestinal colonization in Tilapia

Aquaculture International - Edwardsiella piscicida (E. piscicida) is a common pathogen in freshwater and marine environments and an important intestinal pathogen of fish. Fucose large presence in...     

水稻粒黑粉病研究进展

稻粒黑粉病已经成为杂交稻制种田的重要病害。目前国际上关于稻粒黑粉病的研究总体看来还较少,也存在较多的争议。主要回顾和总结了国内外对水稻粒黑粉病的研究情况,对发病症状、病原物及其分类地位、生物学特性、病害循环与侵染机制、发病因素与病害流行、分级标准和综合防治进行了综述,同时探讨了目前关于该病害研究所存在的争议及以后值得研究的方向。