甘薯小象甲发生特点调查与原因分析

甘薯小象甲是福建省甘薯生长期和贮藏期的重要害虫,以幼虫蛀食薯蔓和薯块为主,该虫为害隐蔽,单一防治效果不理想,损失率一般为20%~30%,对翔安区甘薯生产为害极大。通过性诱剂监测甘薯小象甲田间虫口密度消长情况,分析了甘薯小象甲在翔安区的世代与越冬特性等发生特点,同时比较了不同农田类型及不同甘薯品种小象甲发生为害动态差异性。研究结果表明：甘薯小象甲在厦门市翔安区的发生特点为越冬基数旱地（138.56只/m²）大于水田（98.56只/m²）,越冬成虫中雌虫比例高于雄虫;株为害率旱地、农改地高于水田,分别为61.67%、48.33%、20%;为害高峰期为每年10—11月;主栽品种‘潮薯13’为害率高于‘配26’。     

基于Android系统的温室环境监控APP研究与开发

针对大多数温室监控软件需要在固定的计算机终端前完成工作,使用范围固定,灵活性、实时性低等问题,研究开发了基于Android系统的移动温室监控APP,使得温室作业人员在移动设备上能够查看数据,根据监控数据采取相应措施,避免了人工管理温室无法实时掌握温室环境情况的问题。通过对温湿度和其他环境因子调控设施的远程调控,实现了节省人力、网络化和集约化的远程管理,构建适宜作物生长、繁育的良好生态环境。      

三峡水库生态调度对沙市江段鱼卵和仔鱼的影响

2012年5-7月三峡水库试验性生态调度期间,在长江中游沙市江段设固定采样点,共采集到鱼卵和仔鱼35种,隶属于4目、8科、10亚科、28属。银鮈(Squalidus argentatus)、歺又鱼(Hemiculter leucisculus)、细鳞鲴(Plagiognathops microlepis)、蒙古鲌(Culter mongolicus mongolicus)、花斑副沙鳅(Parabotia fasciata)、翘嘴鲌(Culter alburnus)、鳊(Parabramis pekinensis)、赤眼鳟(Squaliobarbus curriculus)、草鱼(Ctenopharyngodon idellus)和鲢(Hypophthalmichthys molitrix)构成了该江段的主要繁殖种类。鱼类繁殖盛期在5-6月,进入7月后鱼卵减少而仔鱼数量显著增加。调查期间鱼卵和仔鱼总径流量约为6.89×1010粒(尾),其中鱼卵径流量1.1×1010粒,仔鱼径流量5.79×1010尾。定点采集的鱼卵、仔鱼随采样时间和垂向空间分布均无显著性差异。不同采集点仔鱼的横向分布存在显著性差异,平均漂流密度为江北江中江南;鱼卵的横向分布无显著性差异,且与流速、流态等水力学指标存在负相关性。生态调度期间沙市江段鱼卵总径流量和家鱼卵径流量均出现高峰,繁殖种类明显增加。初步研究表明,三峡水库生态调度制造的涨水过程能够在一定程度上满足不同鱼类自然繁殖的水文需求,对于减缓三峡水库运行对长江中游鱼类自然繁殖的不利影响、维护鱼类种群资源补充具有重要的意义。     

A nonlinear,low data requirement model for producing spatially explicit fishery forecasts

Spatial variability can confound accurate estimates of catch per unit effort (CPUE), especially in highly migratory species. The incorporation of spatial structure into fishery stock assessment models should ultimately improve forecasts of stock biomass. Here, we describe a nonlinear time series model for producing spatially explicit forecasts of CPUE that does not require ancillary environmental or demographic data, or specification of a model functional form. We demonstrate this method using spatially resolved (1° × 1° cells) CPUE time series of North Pacific albacore in the California Current System. The spatial model is highly significant (P < 0.00001) and outperforms two spatial null models. We then create a spatial forecast map for years beyond the range of data. Such approaches can guide spatial management of resources and provide a complement to more data‐intensive, highly parameterized population dynamics and ecosystem models currently in use.     

绿盲蝽卵发育分级标准及其在测报中的应用

绿盲蝽是江苏南通地区为害棉花的重要害虫。本文将绿盲蝽卵的发育过程分为4级,对各级的颜色与形态特征进行了描述,并明确了相应的发育历期。田间通过二代绿盲蝽卵量与发育级别的调查,结合发育历期资料,可准确预测二代2、3龄若虫的发生盛期。     

Pest survey of softwood boxes,with special emphasis on pinewood nematode,Bursaphelenchus xylophilus (Nematoda: Parasitaphelenchidae)

Wood packaging material (WPM) is an important pathway for the spread of non‐native plant pests. To reduce the likelihood of plant pest movement with WPM, the International Standard for Phytosanitary Measures No. 15: “Regulation of Wood Packaging Material in International Trade” (ISPM 15) was developed in the framework of the International Plant Protection Convention. To be compliant with this Standard, WPM shipped internationally must be either heat‐treated or fumigated, regardless of any specific characteristics of the WPM. The objective of this survey was to determine if Bursaphelenchus xylophilus (Nematoda: Parasitaphelenchidae) or insects, especially Monochamus spp. (Coleoptera: Cerambycidae), were present in a specific subset of softwood boxes. While not compliant with ISPM 15, these boxes had been treated with wood preservatives, stored indoors for over five years, and, in addition to meeting various quality standards, almost all had a moisture content below 20 percent. United States Department of Agriculture staff inspected a sample of 630 softwood boxes, focusing on those showing signs of possible pest infestation. Based on a binomial distribution with an efficacy of detection equal to 0.95, a sample size of 630 provides a 95 percent confidence of detecting pests if >0.5 % of boxes are infested. No B. xylophilus or insect pests were found in the boxes, though other nematode genera (Aphelenchoides, Aphelenchus, and Filenchus), which feed on decomposing fungi in wood and do not damage trees, were found in 21 boxes. This study demonstrates that not all types of WPM present a high phytosanitary risk. It may be worthwhile to consider an amendment to ISPM 15 to differentiate between various risk categories of WPM in order to minimize costs and environmental impacts associated with treatments currently prescribed in ISPM 15.     

成熟黄瓜果皮红色性状的遗传分析及其基因定位

 以黄瓜（Cucumis sativus L.）成熟瓜红色果皮自交系‘NCG127’（P₁）和成熟瓜黄色果皮自交系‘9930’（P₂）为试验材料构建F₂遗传群体,对成熟瓜红色果皮R基因进行遗传分析和基因定位研究。结果表明,黄瓜成熟瓜红色果皮性状由显性单基因控制,红色对黄色为显性。以256株F₂分离群体为试材,应用群体分离分析（BSA）法筛选得到与R基因连锁的20个多态性SSR标记,构建了R基因的分子标记连锁图谱,将R基因定位到黄瓜4号染色体上,物理距离为213.4 kb的区段内,两侧翼标记为UW019319和UW019203,与R遗传距离分别为0.8 cM和0.7 cM。生物信息学分析表明,该区段存在30个预测候选基因。     

插接与劈接嫁接西瓜对黄瓜绿斑驳花叶病毒病传播的比较

为了明确西瓜嫁接对黄瓜绿斑驳花叶病毒病传播的影响,应用插接法与劈接法中刀片、竹签2种工具分别粘毒后再嫁接西瓜进行传毒能力比较,结果为：插接法嫁接传毒能力强于劈接法嫁接,粘毒竹签的传毒能力强于粘毒刀片,最初嫁接的1、2株瓜苗最容易染毒发病。