果实贮藏保鲜技术的研究进展

寻找安全有效的果实采后防腐、杀菌技术,已成为果实保鲜领域的重要课题之一。阐述国内外果实采后贮藏保鲜研究的最新进展,详细介绍天然果蔬保鲜剂、采后热处理、气体调控、乙烯拮抗和基因工程等保鲜方法的作用机理及应用效果,以期为延长果实贮藏期提供参考。     

保护性耕作机械化作业的推广实践——以辽宁喀左县为例

保护性耕作技术是对传统耕作的重大变革,位于辽西干旱地区的喀左县实施保护性耕作更具意义。介绍保护性耕作的技术内容．阐述玉米作物保护性耕作的技术模式及操作规程,分析保护性耕作技术的实施效果,指出技术推广实践中应注意的技术问题。     

保护性耕作机械化作业的推广实践——以辽宁喀左县为例

保护性耕作技术是对传统耕作的重大变革,位于辽西干旱地区的喀左县实施保护性耕作更具意义.介绍保护性耕作的技术内容,阐述玉米作物保护性耕作的技术模式及操作规程,分析保护性耕作技术的实施效果,指出技术推广实践中应注意的技术问题.     

环境因子对条石鲷生长的影响

通过模拟工厂化养殖模式,采用单因素实验方法进行水质环境因子（溶解氧、水温、光照、盐度及pH值）梯度饲养试验,经过30d或60d饲养,对条石鲷的增长率及饵料系数进行比较分析。结果表明：适宜工厂化养殖条石鲷的水质环境为溶解氧≥6mg／L、水温24～26℃、光照300～900Lux、盐度25—30‰、pH值7．5-8．5。     

崇明岛草鱼池塘沉积物中多环芳烃的分布状况及生态风险

为探究崇明岛池塘养殖持久性污染状况,采用气相色谱-质谱联用法对崇明岛不同区域草鱼池塘沉积物中16种优先控制多环芳烃(PAHs)的含量及分布情况进行了研究,同时运用主成分分析法、特征比值法和质量标准法等对草鱼池塘中PAHs的来源及生态风险进行了分析。结果显示,崇明岛草鱼池塘养殖沉积物中的PAHs总含量为未检出(ND)~1 654.09 μg/kg,平均含量为95.13 μg/kg,其中4~5环PAHs对总浓度的贡献率最高;崇明岛不同区域草鱼池塘沉积物中的PAHs含量差异较大,表现为岛中部池塘含量低,沿岛四周池塘含量较高,尤其是岛西部沿岸区池塘含量最高且种类多;分析发现,崇明岛草鱼养殖池塘中的PAHs主要来源于岛内生物燃烧和石油燃烧,总体处于中等偏下污染水平,生态风险较低,但在西北部池塘存在潜在生态风险,应予以重视。     

一种安全有效提高虹鳟苗种成活率的技术

为安全有效地提高虹鳟苗种成活率,应用1种生物制剂——抗菌肽对虹鳟苗种进行浸泡处理。通过比较苗种成活率,检测SOD、ALP、CAT、IL、IFN、TNF等6种免疫相关酶表达量,采用扫描电镜检测苗种体表细菌情况,确定抗菌肽浸泡对虹鳟成活率的影响。试验结果显示,自破膜期开始,用40%抗菌肽浸泡10次,试验组6种免疫相关酶表达量明显高于对照组,试验组苗种的成活率高达95%以上,对照组苗种的成活率则低于30%。电镜观察结果显示,试验组仔鱼体表细菌数量显著减少。试验结果表明,用抗菌肽浸泡法能显著提高虹鳟苗种成活率。     

Effects of fish origin probiotics on growth performance,immune response and intestinal health of shrimp (Litopenaeus vannamei) fed diets with fish meal partially replaced by soybean meal

This study was conducted to evaluate the application of four fish origin probiotics to relieve the side effects induced by SBM in shrimp. Shrimps were fed with high fish meal diet (C0, positive control containing 500 g/kg FM and 0 g/kg SBM), low fish meal diet (C, control containing 250 g/kg FM and 340 g/kg SBM) or the control diet (C) supplemented, respectively, with 1.0 × 10⁸ CFU/g Bacillus pumilus SE5 (T1), Psychrobacter sp. SE6 (T2), Enterococcus faecium MM4 (T3) or Bacillus claussi DE5 (T4). After 6 weeks of feeding, the growth performance, hepatopancreatic digestive enzymes, intestinal histological structure and immune parameters were determined. The results showed that compared with high FM group (C0), significantly lower WGR and SGR as well as higher FCR were observed in the low FM group (C) (p < .05). Compared with the control, significantly lower FCR was observed in treatment T1 (p < .05), but not in treatments T2–T4. Protease, amylase and lipase activities in all the treatments (T1‐T4) were significantly higher than the control (p < .05). GOT and GPT activities in the control were significantly lower than the C0 (p < .05), while higher MDA level was recorded in the control (p < .05). Meanwhile, higher GPT activities were observed in treatments T1‐T4 compared with the control (p < .05). Compared with the C0, lower SOD, ACP and AKP activities were observed in the control. Significantly improved SOD and AKP activities were observed in all probiotic feeding groups compared with the control (p < .05). The control diet led to significant reduction of intestinal wall thickness and villus height compared with the C0 (p < .05), while significantly higher intestinal wall thickness and villus height were exhibited in all the probiotic groups compared with the control (p < .05), except intestinal wall thickness in treatment T3. Thus, these results demonstrated that the four fish origin probiotic strains could relieve the side effects induced by high level of SBM in shrimp, while probiotic B. pumilus SE5 showed the best performance.     

基于改进K-means聚类算法的金鱼阴影去除及图像分割方法

针对鱼类行为量化过程中运动阴影区域去除难的问题,以金鱼为研究对象,分别从去除噪点及孤立数据点、使用马氏距离作为距离度量方法、明确聚类个数以及初始聚类中心点选择等方面对传统K-means聚类算法进行了优化,提出了一种基于改进K-means聚类算法的金鱼阴影去除及图像分割方法。在室内正常环境下,使用相机采集玻璃鱼缸中金鱼图像,首先等比例压缩10倍,使用中值滤波方法对样本图像进行预处理,然后将其从RGB颜色空间转换到Lab颜色空间,最后提取a、b分量并使用改进的K-means算法进行聚类。试验结果显示:和传统K-means聚类算法及FCM(Fuzzy c-means)聚类算法进行比较,改进算法对于图像阴影去除及分割具有更好的效果,在200幅具有不同阴影的金鱼样本图像中,基于改进K-means聚类算法的平均误分类的像素比率和平均运行时间分别为2.48%和0.87 5s,能够满足离线鱼类行为量化过程中图像预处理的要求。     

Expression and functional characterization of glutamine synthetase from giant freshwater prawn (Macrobrachium rosenbergii) under osmotic stress

The freshwater prawn, Macrobrachium rosenbergii naturally lives in the freshwater, though it migrates to the brackish water environment during spawning that claimed to be resistant on a broad range of saline fluxes. However, little is known about the osmoregulatory patterns and the effect of an enzyme glutamine synthetase (GS) in M. rosenbergii under stress. Here, we described the identification and functional characterization of GS from M. rosenbergii (Mr‐GS) at molecular and protein levels. The identified Mr‐GS was comprised of 361 amino acids that phylogenetically shared the highest identity with other crustaceans and predicted to contain Gln‐synt_C and Gln‐synt_N domains at the respective terminal regions. Tissue distribution analysis in M. rosenbergii revealed that the Mr‐GS was highly expressed in muscle, and commonly existed in other examined tissues in the following order gills > heart > stomach > brain > haemolymph. Whereas, the mRNA of Mr‐GS was significantly up‐regulated in the muscle and gill tissues following challenges with either hyper (0 → 13‰), or hypo (13 → 0‰) osmotic stress at 3, 6 and 12 hr. Furthermore, the level of Glutamine concentration was positively correlated with the GS mRNA and protein expression patterns in hyper‐osmotic stress, whereas in hypo‐osmotic stress a slight decrease in the gills and maintained a level in the muscle tissues at 3, 6 and 12 hr post‐treatments. Our findings suggest that Mr‐GS potentially exhibited the osmoregulation responses in the gill and muscle tissues of M. rosenbergii throughout the time of osmotic stress, which will benefit for future study on osmoregulation.