Phloem unloading follows an extensive apoplastic pathway in developing strawberry fruit

Summary

Strawberry (Fragaria × ananassa) is widely used as a model for fleshy fruit biology research; nevertheless, the pathway of phloem unloading in strawberry fruit remains unknown. Using transmission electron microscopy (TEM) and the symplastic tracer, carboxyfluorescein, the phloem unloading pathway was studied in ‘Akihime’ strawberry fruit from post-anthesis to the ripening stage. Ultrastructural analysis showed that many plasmodesmata existed between the sieve element cells (SEC) and the companion cells (CC), but plasmodesmata were absent between the sieve element cell – CC complexes and their surrounding phloem parenchyma cells (PPCs). Interestingly, an abundance of plasmodesmata was observed between parenchyma cells. Imaging of carboxyfluorescein unloading revealed that the dye was confined only to the phloem vascular bundles in developing receptacles. In conclusion, the results obtained from the present study indicate that sugar unloading from the phloem occurs through an apoplastic pathway. Post-phloem transport of sugar then follows a symplastic pathway in strawberry fruit.     

生长因子FGF10转基因本氏烟草植株的获得及其表达分析

成纤维细胞生长因子10(FGF10)具有非常重要的科研和医疗价值,但其目前有限产量难以满足市场需要,而植物生物反应器能为解决这一问题提供切实可行的途径。本研究构建了由组成型强启动子CaMV 35S驱动且人工修饰的FGF10基因植物表达载体,通过农杆菌介导法将其导入本氏烟草基因组中,利用筛选标记基因Bar进行草铵膦抗性筛选,获得413个抗性株。经PCR检测鉴定,其中398株为转基因阳性,阳性率为96.4%。通过RT-PCR和ELISA检测分析,最终筛选得到5株高表达转基因后代,其目的蛋白表达量占可溶性总蛋白的0.1%以上,表达量最高的达到0.24%,意味着利用植物生物反应器表达平台生产FGF10蛋白的可行性。这些结果表明,通过该高通量遗传转化平台可以获得具有市场应用潜力的烟草转基因种质资源,并为后续FGF10蛋白相关产品的开发提供了支撑。     

蓄水坑灌单坑土壤氮素迁移转化的数值模拟

为了提高蓄水坑灌条件下土壤氮素的利用率,建立了蓄水单坑土壤氮素迁移转化的数学模型,利用有限体积法进行了求解,并利用室内蓄水单坑灌施尿素条件下土壤水分和氮素运移转化实测数据进行了验证。结果表明,蓄水单坑灌施尿素1 700 mg/L条件下,土壤铵态氮主要分布在20～70 cm深度范围内,1～3 d内土壤铵态氮含量明显增大,7 d后开始减小;土壤硝态氮主要分布在湿润锋附近,1～7 d内硝化作用逐渐增强,20～70 cm范围内硝态氮浓度不断增大。土壤含水率、湿润锋、铵态氮、硝态氮含量计算值与实测值吻合较好,说明所建立的蓄水单坑土壤氮素迁移转化的数学模型是正确的,采用有限体积法求解是可行的。该模型可较好地模拟蓄水坑灌单坑土壤氮素迁移转化的动态变化。     

蛋鸡发声音频数据库的构建与应用

蛋鸡发声含有丰富的机体信息,充分挖掘其声学特性,并利用其无接触、无应激的优点,为建立基于发声信息的蛋鸡养殖远程监测平台提供基础依据。该研究借助音频数字化处理技术和数据库管理平台,以海兰褐蛋鸡为例,搭建系统分别采集其在小规模(5只)饲养条件下的叫声信息及其体态行为。运用音频处理软件Adobe Auditionv1.0和音频分析软件Praat5.3提取蛋鸡发声特征参数,包括持续时间、基音频率、频谱质心、共振峰及其衍生的统计值,以此构建出蛋鸡发声音频数据库,在此基础上分别选取蛋鸡产蛋行为发声、鸣唱声和鸣叫声等典型发声行为对比分析。结果表明,蛋鸡产蛋行为发声与鸣唱声均为多次重复的、有节奏的、短促的音节所构成(称其为句子),前者先抑后扬、后者先扬后抑,句子的音节个数分别是7.8±2.0、15.2±7.7,但其时频域特征间存在着显著差异(P<0.05),与鸣叫声相比,其发声特征参数如频谱质心、共振峰等有着显著差异。研究表明,掌握蛋鸡发声的含义,有助于了解其行为特性、机体状态以及种群间的信息传递,并为蛋鸡行为特征识别与数字化监测平台的构建提供数据支持。     

环形土槽中微耕机可靠性试验的油耗分析方法

根据相关的国家标准和微耕机在环形土槽中可靠性试验的特点,对其油耗的测试进行了探讨。采用新型的液位传感器,设计了相应的电路和计算机软件,实现了微耕机可靠性试验中油耗的测量与计算,并探讨了影响油耗测量精度的各种因素。     

我国农机安全互助保险发展存在的问题及对策

农机互助保险是现代农业经济发展的产物,是现代农机管理的重要工作内容。为了加快我国农机互助保险事业的健康发展,在分析当前农机互助保险发展现状的基础上,指出了农机互助保险存在的5个方面的问题,并从立法、管理和宣传等3个层面探讨了农机互助保险的发展对策。     

腐霉利人工抗原制备研究

为了制备腐霉利(PCM)人工抗原,采用琥珀酸酐法改造PCM分子,利用碳二亚胺(EDC)法将改造后的PCM与牛血清白蛋白(BSA)及卵清蛋白(OVA)偶联制备PCM人工抗原PCM-BSA和PCM-OVA。采用凝胶电泳、紫外扫描及动物免疫法对人工抗原质量进行了鉴定。凝胶电泳及紫外扫描结果表明PCM与载体蛋白偶联成功;用PCM-BSA免疫小鼠的血清可以与PCM-OVA发生免疫反应,血清效价可以达到1:6400。用游离的PCM抑制酶标板上附着的PCM-OVA与小鼠血清反应时,即使游离PCM浓度达到256 µg/mL时,也没有出现明显的抑制;而用本研究制备的PCM-OVA溶液替代PCM时,则可以抑制酶标板上附着的PCM-OVA与小鼠血清之间的反应,且半数抑制浓度(IC₅₀)是在制备的PCM-OVA溶液稀释到320倍时。本研究将PCM成功地偶联到载体蛋白上,但免疫小鼠产生的针对PCM的抗体灵敏度比较低,这说明苯环可能是PCM分抗原决定簇的一部分,而琥珀酸酐改造PCM分子时破坏了抗原决定簇,因此该方法不适合用于PCM人工抗原制备。     

The Quantitative Method for Temperature Distribution of Cotton Leaves Based on Infrared Thermal Images

[Objective] The leaf temperature is an effective parameter reflecting crop physiological process and energy exchange. This study aimed to put forward a method to quantify the temperature distribution within cotton leaves. [Method] The infrared images of cotton leaves of potassium deficiency and normal cotton plants cultivated in nutrient solution were taken and studied. The irrelevant background in the infrared images was removed by using software of Stata and Surfer. The geostatistical spatial grid method was used to quantify the temperature distribution within cotton leaves. Finally, the temperature scales of different images were unified for better and faster comparison of leaf temperature differences among images. [Result] The processed image clearly reflected the differences among different treatments in leaf temperature. The mean leaf temperature, leaf vein temperature and leaf temperature outside leaf vein of potassium-deficient cotton were 0.52 ℃, 0.59 ℃ and 0.47 ℃higher than those of normal leaf, respectively. In addition, the temperature variation amplitude (0.76 ℃) and coefficient of variation (0.38%) of potassium deficient leaf were higher than those of normal leaf (0.54 ℃, 0.27%), and the temperature of the leaf vein increased the most (0.53 ℃). The analysis of the frequency distribution of temperature within the cotton leaf showed that the quartile deviation of temperature distribution of potassium-deficient leaf was 0.07 ℃ higher than that of normal leaf, indicating that the temperature distribution of normal leaf was relatively concentrated. [Conclusion] The proposed method is helpful for further monitoring of cotton growth and may guide cotton precise management.     

区域水资源承载力研究理论与方法

水资源是基础性的自然资源和战略性的经济资源,成为可持续发展的限制性因素,研究水资源承载力可以为推动社会、经济、生态环境全面协调可持续发展起到重要作用。本文对目前水资源承载力的概念、研究理论、方法和进展进行了全面的阐述,并提出了水资源承载力研究中存在的问题,指出了今后研究发展方向,为水资源承载力的进一步深人研究提供参考。     

采收时期及时间对艾蒿挥发油含量的影响

为提高盘锦地区的艾蒿资源利用率,采用水蒸气蒸馏法,研究不同采收时期和时间对挥发油含量的影响并分析其变化规律.试验结果表明,7月上旬采收的艾蒿挥发油含量最高,为0.18％;于13:00采收的艾蒿挥发油含量最高,为0.20％;建议盘锦地区于7月上旬晴天13:00采收艾蒿.