贵州锰矿废渣堆场重金属污染风险评价及草本植物重金属吸收特征

为明确锰矿废渣堆场重金属污染及优势草本植物重金属吸收特征,对贵州省典型锰矿废渣堆场的重金属污染风险进行了评价,并调查研究了锰矿废渣堆场草本植物的类群及重金属吸收特征.共采集优势草本植物18种,隶属11科18属,菊科和禾本科为优势科.对18种草本植物体地上部、地下部及其生长基质中Cr、Ni、Cu、Zn、Cd、Pb和Mn ...     

土壤及地下水含盐量对小美旱杨可溶盐离子质量分数的影响

研究了自然生境下不同土壤含盐量时小美旱杨Populussimonii×(Populuspyramidalis+Salixmatsudana)cv.Poplaris不同部位可溶盐离子质量分数及土壤和地下水盐离子质量分数对小美旱杨含盐量的影响。结果表明:2条研究林带下土壤的含盐量有很大差异,但2条研究林带各个对应部位(叶、根、心材和边材)在对应取样时间的各个可溶盐离子质量分数无差异,并呈现出一定的共性,即各部位的阳离子全盐质量分数顺序均为K+>Ca2+>Mg2+>2->Cl-。在整个生长季中,叶中的各个离子->SO4Na+,阴离子质量分数排序大致为HCO3质量分数明显高于其他部位,且生长季内变幅最大;心材和边材中各个离子的质量分数较低,生长季内的变幅较小;根中的各离子质量分数介于以上两类之间。在无盐胁迫条件下,小美旱杨对可溶盐离子的吸收以及盐离子在其体内的分布和积累,主要取决于小美旱杨自身的生理和生物学特性,土壤含盐量的影响不占主要地位;但小美旱杨所吸收水分的含盐量对其各部位盐离子质量分数的影响较明显,在非灌溉季节,小美旱杨各部位的盐离子质量分数与地下水盐离子质量分数之间相关性显著;在灌溉和降水集中时期,小美旱杨各部位可溶盐离子质量分数与地水下水不相关。图3表5参10     

施用不同氮肥对盐碱地湖南稷子生产性能以及养分吸收的影响

为探讨盐碱地湖南稷子(Echinochloa frumentacea)高效生产的最佳施氮种类和施氮量,采用单因素随机区组设计,通过在湖南稷子拔节期设置不施肥(CK)、尿素和硫酸铵(N1,N2)轻施肥(F1:50 kg·hm^-2)、中施肥(F2:100 kg·hm^-2)、重施肥处理(F3:150 kg·hm^-2),研究不同氮肥和施氮水平下湖南稷子田间农艺性状、养分吸收及氮肥利用率的变化,探讨盐碱地湖南稷子实现高效生产的适宜氮肥和施氮量。结果表明：与对照相比,施氮量为F2和F3时能够显著提高盐碱地湖南稷子产量及氮磷钾吸收量(P<0.05),植株不同部位氮含量上升,施氮量F3时能够显著提高氮肥利用效率(P<0.05),且同一施氮量下追施硫酸铵后湖南稷子产量、养分吸收及氮肥利用率均高于尿素。综上所述,氮肥追施量在150 kg·hm^-2时,有利于盐碱地湖南稷子的产量的提升和养分的吸收,且同一条件下追施硫酸铵较追施尿素效果显著。     

邢台县苹果园水肥投入现状及产量差分析

以邢台县"红富士"苹果园为研究对象,通过对当地果园的养分投入类型和投入量、灌溉方式和灌溉量以及产量进行调研,评价其水肥投入水平,并基于Boundary line分析法,探索该地区苹果园最高产量下的最佳养分施用量,以期明确邢台县苹果园水肥投入现状及最高产量水平下最佳养分投入量。结果表明:邢台县苹果园无机肥投入量较高,有机肥投入不足,无机肥N、P_2O5、K_2O平均投入量分别为825、460、692kg·hm~(-2),有机肥仅为177、138、100kg·hm~(-2);有机肥施用率较低,仅占调查总数的27.35%,且施用种类繁多,鸡粪、羊粪及商品有机肥三者总计占比达95.61%。灌溉方式以漫灌、沟灌为主,二者合计占比达93.70%,滴灌仅为6.30%;生长季内灌溉次数多为3~4次;与滴灌相比,漫灌和沟灌单次灌水量分别多用140%、100%。Boundary line模型分析显示,邢台县苹果园最高产量水平下N、P_2O5、K_2O投入量分别为616.50、371.90、553.10kg·hm~(-2),对产量的贡献分别为28.00%、17.60%、22.60%。总之,邢台县苹果园养分投入量较高,轻有机重无机,肥料投入种类繁多,漫灌和沟灌为其主要灌溉方式,水资源浪费严重。     

Effects of non-repellent termiticides on the tunneling and walking ability of the eastern subterranean termite (Isoptera: Rhinotermitidae)

BACKGROUND: Non-repellent insecticides, including fipronil and indoxacarb, are becoming increasingly important for soil treatments to manage the eastern subterranean termite, Reticulitermes flavipes (Kollar). The effects of these insecticides on termite walking and tunneling behavior could significantly reduce their efficacy against colonies. RESULTS: Groups of R. flavipes were exposed to several concentrations of commercial formulations of fipronil and indoxacarb, and the ability of treated termites to tunnel in soil and walk was assessed. Increasing insecticide concentration resulted in a reduction in the ability of R. flavipes to walk, tunnel and form tunnel branches; the importance of these effects on the use of non-repellent insecticides is discussed. CONCLUSION: Exposure of R. flavipes to 1, 10 or 50 mg L⁻¹ of fipronil or 50, 100 or 200 mg L⁻¹ of indoxacarb significantly reduced termite walking and tunneling and the number of tunnel branches. Distance walked (ca 73 mm) by untreated control termites did not change over time for at least 16 h after treatment; control termites formed ca 150 cm of tunnels with ca 40 branches. Copyright © 2012 Society of Chemical Industry     

A long‐term study of burning effects on a plant pathogen in tallgrass prairie

Tallgrass prairie species have evolved with regular exposure to fire. However, burning has been used as a management tool for reducing plant disease in agricultural systems, posing the question of how plant pathogens of tallgrass prairie would be affected by burning. The rust fungus Puccinia dioicae, infecting Erigeron strigosus (Asteraceae), was studied for 8 years in long‐term experiments to evaluate the effects of burning in native tallgrass prairie. This experiment also allowed evaluation of the effects of nutrient additions, although E. strigosus was rare in the plots with added nutrients in most years. Burning reduced rust severity in most years, but effects from additions of nutrients were rarely observed. There was high interannual variation in rust severity within a location, suggesting that weather may be the most important of these three abiotic factors in determining infection. An analysis of weather variables associated with disease severity found that solar radiation in the month prior to sampling was associated with severity in unburned plots; temperature approximately 2 months prior to sampling was also associated with severity in burned plots. High interannual variation also suggests that the effects of this pathogen on its host would be sporadic and difficult to study in short‐term experiments.     

Starch granule size variation and relationship with tuber dry matter content in heritage potato varieties

Heritage potato varieties in Canada are historic old varieties collected from Canada and various countries before the formal establishment of the Canadian plant variety registration system and may be a valuable gene resource for beneficial traits in potato breeding and bioproducts development. Greater evaluation is the key for the enhanced use of these materials. It is unknown how much variation of starch granules occurs among Canadian heritage potato varieties. We analyzed the starch granule size of 14 potato heritage varieties held in the Canadian Plant Gene Resources collection over 2 years using a squeezed juice and microscopic method recently developed at the Potato Research Centre. The varieties demonstrated considerable variation in starch granule size and shape. The granules showed average lengths ranging from 18 μm in the variety Congo to 32 μm in ‘Russet Burbank’. The largest single granule measured from 64 μm in ‘Congo’ to 91 μm in ‘Crotte d’Ours.’ The granule sizes of the varieties showed a very high correlation (r = 0.975, P < 0.0001) between years. This high reproducibility suggests the existence of genetic factors in determining starch granule size. We also found that the starch granule size is positively correlated with tuber dry matter (in terms of specific gravity) in these heritage potatoes. The results demonstrated reproducible genotypic variation for starch granule size and shape in tubers with a significant correlation to tuber dry matter in these heritage potato varieties, and offers the possibility for and agronomic relevance of genetic modification of starch granules through selective breeding.     

双峰驼精清诱导排卵活性成分的DEAE—纤维素柱层析分离及其生物活性

选用DEAE－纤维素离子交换柱对双峰驼精清进行分离，各层析组分用于大鼠垂体组织体外培养，并给母驼肌注有活性的组分，以RIA法测定垂体组织培养液和母驼血浆中LH及FSH的浓度。结果表明，驼精清经DEAE－纤维素柱分离后可得到5个蛋白组分（L1－L5），其中L3在大鼠垂体培养时引起LH释放明显增加（P＜0．05），FSH则无明显变化。给卵巢上无大卵泡发育的母驼肌注有活性的组分L3，可引起血浆中LH明显升高，FSH也无变化。由此表明，L3在体内外试验中均具有引起LH释放的生物活性，它可能是诱导排卵的活性因子或其成分之一。     

高校教学网络的科学管理

本从NOVELL网常规管理、建立多重配置的无盘工作站、网络的安全运行措施三个方面探讨NOVELL教学网络的科学管理。     

种公鹿茸重性状与年龄相关的统计分析

本文探讨了我国人工选育的双阳梅花鹿和西丰梅花鹿品种、长白山梅花鹿品系、天山马鹿清原品系和乌兰坝东北马鹿等 5个品种品系种公鹿的茸重性状与鹿年龄的关系 ,结果表明 ,在一定年龄段 ,茸重性状与年龄之间呈强正相关并建立了相应的线性回归方程 ,为预测并比较茸鹿种公鹿各年龄时的茸重水平和制定茸重标准及早选种等提供了科学依据