2008-2010年度陕西关中小麦品质分析与比较

为掌握近年来关中地区小麦品质状况,以2008-2010年从关中地区3市9县（区）抽取的253个大田生产小麦样品为实验材料,对其品质进行了全面检测分析。结果表明,2009年小麦籽粒品质和磨粉品质较差,籽粒硬度、L＊值、a＊值、b＊值在年度间差异显著。总体来讲,关中地区小麦的蛋白质品质较好,且比较稳定,受环境条件影响较小;而淀粉品质受环境的影响较大,3年间淀粉峰值黏度、破损值、回生值均有显著差异;粉质参数和拉伸参数在不同年度的差异较小,比较稳定。     

辣椒干储藏研究进展及技术要点

辣椒干储藏是干制辣椒生产、贸易过程中经常遇到的一个环节。长期以来,国内外学者针对辣椒干储藏进行了不少研究,但各自围绕不同的侧重点,尚未形成比较系统、实用的能够指导辣椒干储藏、储运的操作技术。在综合分析国内外辣椒干储藏及相关领域研究的基础上,结合笔者近年来对辣椒干储藏技术及其储藏期间品质变化的研究,提出了辣椒干储藏的若干技术要点,主要包括：辣椒干储藏的温度,辣椒干储藏期间的含水量,辣椒干储藏环境及包装物的选择,辣椒干储藏期间的害虫防治等。     

Effects of ethanol,molasses and Lactobacillus plantarum on fermentation characteristics and aerobic stability of total mixed ration silages

This study was conducted to evaluate the effects of Lactobacillus plantarum, molasses and/or ethanol on fermentation quality and aerobic stability of total mixed ration (TMR) silage, which is widely used in dairy cow diets at mid‐to‐late lactation in Tibet. TMR was treated with ethanol (E), molasses (M), Lactobacillus plantarum(L), ethanol+molasses (EM), ethanol+Lactobacillus plantarum (EL) plus control. After 45 d of ensiling, inoculant significantly (P < 0·05) increased lactic acid (LA) concentration and decreased pH, ammonia nitrogen (AN) concentration, and aerobic bacterial and yeast counts, compared to control. After the first 3 d of aerobic exposure, LA for silages without ethanol started to decrease, while LA for E silages almost remained unchanged till the end of the aerobic exposure period. The pH in TMR silages without ethanol gradually increased, while that for E and EL remained about 4·60 and 4·00, respectively, and EL showed the lowest pH among six silages over the course of aerobic exposure. Aerobic bacterial counts in control, M and EM silages were significantly higher (P < 0·05) than those in E, L and EL, and yeast counts in E and EL silages were significantly lower (P < 0·05) than those in other silages after 9 d of aerobic exposure. The results suggest that inoculation with L. plantarum was more effective in altering fermentation characteristics than adding molasses, while ethanol showed a potential to protect TMR silages from pH increase and delayed the growth of aerobic bacteria and yeast either alone or in combination with L. plantarum.     

Constitutive expression of <Emphasis Type="Italic">REL1</Emphasis> confers the rice response to drought stress and abscisic acid

Leaf rolling is one of the most significant symptoms of drought stress in plant. Previously, we identified a dominant negative mutant, termed rolled and erect 1 (hereafter referred to rel1-D), regulating leaf rolling and erectness in rice. However, the role of REL1 in drought response is still poorly understood. Here, our results indicated that rel1-D displayed higher tolerance to drought relative to wild type, and the activity of superoxide dismutase (SOD) and drought responsive genes were significantly up-regulated in rel1-D. Moreover, our results revealed that rel1-D was hypersensitive to ABA and the expression of ABA associated genes was significantly increased in rel1-D, suggesting that REL1 likely coordinates ABA to regulate drought response. Using the RNA-seq approach, we identified a large group of differentially expressed genes that regulate stimuli and stresses response. Consistently, we also found that constitutive expression of REL1 alters the expression of biotic and abiotic stress responsive genes by the isobaric tags for relative and absolute quantification (iTRAQ) analysis. Integrative analysis demonstrated that 8 genes/proteins identified by both RNA-seq and iTRAQ would be the potential targets in term of the REL1-mediated leaf morphology. Together, we proposed that leaf rolling and drought tolerance of rel1-D under normal condition might be caused by the endogenously perturbed homeostasis derived from continuous stressful dynamics.     

我国无核柑桔类型选育研究进展——文献综述

综述了国内无核柑桔类型选育研究进展。通过芽变、实生选种及诱变育种等手段，我国已先后获得了１１９个无核或少类类型的柑桔品种（品系），涉及柑桔属的主要栽培种类和金柑属、黄皮属。芽变选种和实生选种为获得无核或少核类型的有效途径。大多数无核变异与花粉育性下降有关，胚囊败育、倍性变异及自交不亲和也是造成无核的原因。细胞工程技术为培育无核柑桔类型开展了一条新途径。     

黄瓜叶色突变体遗传机制的研究

 从黄瓜雌性系9110G中发现能稳定遗传的叶色突变体。该突变体子叶和第1～2片真叶最初为金黄色，叶绿素含量约为正常株的3／5，但随着叶片的生长这些叶片逐渐转绿。该突变体叶色黄主要是由叶绿素降低引起的，与类胡萝卜素无关。通过对亲本、F。、BE及F2后代观察和叶绿素测定，证明该突变体是细胞核遗传，由单一隐性基因控制，并且绿色对黄色为不完全显性。该突变性状是研究光合系统和基因定位的好材料，同时也可用来作为指示性状鉴定杂种纯度。     

磁化水灌溉对番茄生长及生理特性的影响

通过日光温室试验,研究磁化水灌溉对番茄幼苗期和开花期生长性状与生理特性的影响,为磁化水灌溉在蔬菜生产中的应用提供依据。试验设置2个处理:磁化水灌溉、普通水灌溉（CK）。试验结果表明:与普通水灌溉相比,磁化水灌溉处理的番茄植株株高增长15%、茎粗增长8.2%;磁化水灌溉处理后的幼苗期番茄叶片SOD、POD和CAT活性分别增长22%、44.4%、18.4%,开花期番茄叶片SOD、POD、CAT活性分别增长15.8%、21.5%、48.3%;磁化水灌溉处理后的开花期番茄根系活力增长56%。磁化水灌溉能有效提升番茄生长性能、酶活性和根系活力,可为绿色、无公害蔬菜生产技术的应用提供参考。      

砒砂岩区沙棘定植株与萌蘖株生长指标间的关联分析

砒砂岩区为中国自然生态环境最为恶劣的地区之一。多年来的科学研究和生产实践均证明,沙棘为适应这一地区的最佳先锋植物。2～8a沙棘定植株的平均高、地径分别与萌蘖株高、冠幅间存在着较好的正相关关系;中等盖度（40％～70％）的沙棘人工林分,其萌蘖能力最高。生产实践中可充分利用沙棘萌蘖性能强的优势,有效降低种植密度,减少种植成本,实现砒砂岩区快速、经济、高效恢复植被的目的。     

银合欢木屑栽培香菇的配套技术

分析了银合欢木屑的营养成分,研制了最适宜的培养基,选用了高产优质的香菇菌株和高效益的栽培方式。发现银合欢木屑作为氮素添加物可替代50％麸皮,降低原料成本,使感染率降低11.8％,鲜菇产量增加5.1％;高产香菇菌株785比其他4个菌株至少可增产鲜菇14.8％;短袋栽培比菌筒或菌砖栽培增产,而且可以减少高温制种感染率高的危害;与红栲木屑栽培香菇相比,银合欢木屑增产鲜菇53.6％,生物学效率提高26.7％。该技术措施适合于在高温低海拔地区应用,在闽南地区增产鲜菇55.6％,生物效率提高25.8％。     

大果型鲜食枣新品种‘大白铃’

 ‘大白铃’为大果型鲜食枣优良新品种。果实特大, 平均单果质量24. 5 ~ 25. 9 g, 最大80 g,整齐, 外形美观, 品质优良。早实, 丰产, 抗逆性强。