螺旋藻清汁饮料工艺配方优化研究

研究了木瓜蛋白酶酶解时间和酶解温度对螺旋藻浆液蛋白质沉降和藻腥味的影响、β-环糊精对藻腥味的影响以及琼脂对螺旋藻清汁饮料稳定性的影响,确定了加工螺旋藻清汁饮料的最佳工艺和配方。试验得到的螺旋藻清汁饮料呈黄绿色,均匀半透明,无分层现象,口感良好,无腥味。     

The Equilibrium and Growth Stability of Winter Wheat Root and Shoot Under Different Soil Water Conditions

The equilibrium between root, shoot and growth stability under different soil water conditions were investigated in a tube experiment of winter wheat. The water supplying treatments included： sufficient irrigation at whole growth phase, moderate deficiency irrigation at whole growth phase, serious deficiency irrigation at whole growth phase, sufficient irrigation at jointing stage, tillering stage, flowering stage, and fillering respectively, after moderate and serious water deficit during their previous growth stage. Root and shoot biomass were measured. On the basis of the cooperative root-shoot interactions model, the equilibrium and growth stability were studied on the strength of the kinetics system theory. There was only one varying equilibrium point between the root and shoot over the life time of the winter wheat plant. Water stress prolonged the duration of stable growth, the more serious the water deficit, the longer the period of stable growth. The duration of stable growth was shortened and that of unstable growth was prolonged after water recovery. The growth behavior of the plants exposed to moderate water deficit shifted from stable to unstable until the end of the growth, after rewatering at flowering. In the life-time of the crop, the root and shoot had been adjusting themselves in structure and function so as to maintain an equilibrium, but could not achieve the equilibrium state for long. They were always in an unbalanced state from the beginning to the end of growth. This was the essence of root-shoot equilibrium. Water stress inhibited the function of root and shoot, reduced root shoot interactions, and as a result, the plant growth gradually tended to stabilize. Rewatering enhanced root shoot interactions, prolonged duration of instable growth. Rewatering at flowering could upset the inherent relativity during the long time of stable growth from flowering to filling stage, thus leading to unstable growth and enhanced dry matter accumulating rate in the whole plant.     

黑土有效硫含量状况及其评价

对三个典型黑土区采样分析了土壤有效硫的含量情况,并对有效硫分级进行了讨论。结果表明:黑土耕层(0～20cm)土壤有效硫含量平均值为27.7mgkg-1,变幅为7.09～109.14mgkg-1;20～40cm土壤中有效硫含量平均为18.17mgkg-1,变幅为0.43～68.9mg kg-1。黑土有效硫含量耕层最高,随土层深度的增加土壤有效硫含量迅速下降。黑土耕层有效硫含量随开垦年限增长呈下降趋势。黑土有效硫含量随着溶液电导率增加而增加。按缺硫标准进行评价,北安地区耕层土壤有效硫含量小于16.0mg kg-1的农田面积约占9.5%,公主岭地区占16.1%,海伦地区占26.7%。     

Domiati奶酪中抗黄曲霉毒素活性物质产生菌的分离鉴定及其抑菌作用

通过抑菌活性试验、蛋白酶敏感性试验、菌株的动力学生长曲线测定,菌株的生理生化试验以及1 6S rRNA序列鉴定试验,对埃及传统Domiati奶酪中的产抗黄曲霉毒素的活性物质的菌株进行分离与鉴定.结果显示:分离得到的菌株的发酵上清液对多株受试真菌均有明显抑制作用,尤其对产生黄曲霉毒素的黄曲霉(Asper-gillus flauus)有很强的抑制效果;该菌株产生的抑菌活性物质不是蛋白类物质,也不同于一般细菌素;该菌鉴定为扩展短杆菌(Brevibacterium linens),命名为lpl-8菌.     

江苏句容小流域NH3和NO2干沉积数值模拟

为了进一步揭示江苏句容小流域NH3和NO2干沉积规律,本文利用当地自动气象站及L波段雷达探空资料和地面气体浓度实测资料,采用气体干沉积阻力模型,并考虑下垫面排放对NH3干沉积的补偿作用,对句容小流域NH3和NO2的干沉积速率、干沉积通量及其影响因子进行数值模拟分析.结果表明:随着稳定度、太阳辐射强度、季节和下垫面的改变,NH3和NO2的干沉积速率均有着较为明显的变化,表面阻力是影响气体干沉积速率变化的主要因子.考虑了下垫面对NH3干沉积的补偿作用后发现,下垫面越富饶的地方,其影响越显著.最后对句容小流域NH3和NO2的干沉积通量进行了估算,发现句容约4556.02hm2的小流域,NH3干沉积通量的月变化范围为13.37～66.29kg·d-1, NO2干沉积通量的月变化范围为21.43～98.92kg·d-1.     

簇毛麦基因组特异DNA序列标记的建立和应用

为建立簇毛麦基因组特异DNA序列的分子标记,以普通小麦中国春、绵阳11、川农17和R111以及多年生簇毛麦、硬粒小麦一多年生簇毛麦双二倍体TDB-3为材料,用120条随机引物进行RAPD分析,筛选出一个多年生簇毛麦的特异性RAPD片段。克隆测序表明该片段全长为937bp（记为OPM2 937）。以OPM2 937的DNA序列为基础设计了一对特异引物,并用该特异引物对多年生簇毛麦、二倍体簇毛麦以及中国春-二倍体簇毛麦附加系CSDA1V～CSDA7V与小麦-多年生簇毛麦衍生后代进行了扩增,结果表明,凡具有簇毛麦染色体的材料均可扩增出目标DNA片段,而不具簇毛麦染色体的材料均未能得到扩增。将OPM29 937在NCBI中进行序列比对,发现它是一个新的序列,说明OPM2 937为簇毛麦基因组的一个特异序列,该DNA序列标记可用于快速跟踪检测小麦背景中的簇毛麦染色体。     

Physiological Effect of New FA Antitranspirant Application on Winter Wheat at Ear Filling Stage

The physiological effect of new FA antitranspirant on winter wheat was studied by field trial. The new FA antitranspirant was sprayed at ear filling stage, using the following concentrations： 0.5, 1.0, 1.5 and 2.0 mL L^-1. The results indicated that new FA antitranspirant increased nitrate reductase activity （NRA）, free proline content, chlorophyll content and water content of leaf, thus drought stress can be mitigated. The new FA antitranspirant increased photosynthesis, enlarged stomatal conductance and reduced transpiration rate, thus led to growth stimulation and water loss reduction. New FA antitranspirant caused an increase of grain yield by 7.2%, under the optimal concentration 1.5 mL L^-1.     

Geographic distribution and prediction of potential suitable regions of lva xanthifolia

外来入侵植物假苍耳在中国东北部地区快速蔓延,威胁自然生态系统的结构并对人们的健康产生危害.本研究通过野外调查获得假苍耳在东北地区的分布范围,采用Maxent模型软件对假苍耳在我国及世界的潜在适生区进行预测,运用AreGIS软件中的自然间断点分级法进行适生等级分类,ROC曲线评价Maxent模型预测的准确性,并结合刀切法及环境变量反应曲线判断分析影响假苍耳分布的主要环境变最.结果表明,假苍耳的适生区较广,扩散范围可能继续增大.我国的华北地区、东北地区、华东地区、华中地区、西南地区、西北地区均存在适生区,高度适生区主要分布在我国的黑龙江省、吉林省、辽宁省、内蒙古自治区、山西省、陕西省、河南省、河北省、山东省、北京市、天津市、新疆维吾尔族自治区.世界范围内除南极洲外均存在假苍耳的适生区,高度适生区主要在北美洲的加拿大和美国,非洲的摩洛哥,欧洲的西班牙、克罗地亚、匈牙利、斯洛伐克、波黑、塞尔维亚、马其顿、保加利亚、格鲁吉亚、亚美尼亚和阿塞拜疆,亚洲的土耳其、伊朗、哈萨克斯坦、吉尔吉斯斯坦、塔吉克斯坦、中国、朝鲜、韩国和日本.上述适生区预测显示出假苍耳适宜生长在年均温度较高,最冷月份最低温和最冷季度平均温度较低的中纬度地区.     

多功能协同农业信息服务网站的构建

本文根据现有农业信息网络服务需求和发展现状进行总结和分析,在现阶段农业信息服务网站建设的基础上,提出建立多功能协同农业信患服务网站的系统框架和设计思想,指出农业信息服务网站应建立统一规范的农业基础数据标准和数据资源平台,并在此基础上进一步整合各种手段和开发典型应用,以进一步推进农业信息服务的水平和影响范围。     

养殖贝类附着敌害生物的初步研究

对大连市长海县海域养殖贝类附着敌害生物的种类、附着方式、危害及防治等进行了调查研究。报告附着敌害生物共17种,其中植物6种：海带、裙带菜、鼠尾藻、鹿角藻、萱藻、囊藻;动物11种：紫贻贝、沙海螂、皮海绵、薮枝螅、细指海葵、才女虫、蛰龙介虫、麦杆虫、藤壶、柄海鞘、玻璃海鞘。